钴-镍-磷非晶态耐高温磨损合金镀层的性能研究

常温条件下,使用Co—Ni—P合金刷镀液应用电刷镀的方法可以获得非晶态刷镀层。用X射线衍射仪和差热分析装置研究了Co—Ni—P合金镀层的结构和晶化温度,当温度低于晶化温度323.4℃时,镀层为非晶态结构;随着温度的进一步升高,镀层由非晶态向晶态结构转变,并析出第二相组织。在600℃,保温30min后,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的相结构为fec—Ni相十析出相。在GW/(ML—MS)高温磨损试验机及Skoda—Savin磨损试验机上分别测量了Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层与Ni—W(50)合金镀层在不同温度及不同热处理温度下的体积磨损量。结果表明,在12℃—500℃范围内,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的耐高温磨损性均优于Ni—W(50)合金镀层;而在27℃—450℃热处理后,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的耐磨性(磨轮磨损)仍优于Ni—W(50)合金镀层,只有在500—600℃热处理后,Ni—W(50)合金镀层的耐磨性优于Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层。     

铜模吸铸法制备Fe-Nd-Al-B-Nb合金的结构和磁性能的研究

利用铜模吸铸法制备了厚度为1 mm片状的[(Fe0.53Nd0.37Al0.1)96B4]100-xNbx(x=0,2,4,6,8)合金.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC),振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪研究了Nb对该合金非晶形成能力、热稳定性和磁性能的影响.结果表明,Nb元素的添加可以有效提高合金的非晶形成能力和热稳定性,且显著提高了合金的饱和磁化强度.一定量的Nb元素(≥4at%)将抑制合金中Nd2Fe14B硬磁相的析出,使合金的磁性能从硬磁性转变成软磁性.     

Cr元素对Fe基块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力及耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用微合金化技术,制备Fe_(68.4-x)Co_(7.6)Si_7B_(10)P_5C_2Cr_x(x=0,1,2,3)非晶合金,并分别使用单辊急冷甩带法和铜模铸造法制备带状和棒状样品。借助XRD、DSC、DTA表征该非晶合金的热力学性能与非晶形成能力;并进一步采用电化学动电位极化曲线法研究该非晶合金系在硫酸溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,通过微量添加Cr元素,使该合金系的非晶形成能力普遍提高,当Cr元素添加量为2 at%时,获得了该系列非晶合金中的最大过冷液相区间(ΔT_x=59 K),并且成功制备了直径为5 mm的圆棒状非晶样品;同时,由于Cr元素的添加,在1 N的硫酸溶液中,材料表面形成富含Cr元素的保护层,可以有效防止材料内部的进一步腐蚀,耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

Mg-Cu-Ni-Gd非晶合金结构弛豫及力学性能

采用差示扫描热分析仪(DSC/DTA),X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了Mg-Cu-Ni-Gd系非晶合金的结构弛豫以及力学性能,分析了Ni元素对Mg基非晶合金的结构弛豫和力学性能的影响.结果表明, Mg65Cu25 Gd10非晶合金在305 K下保温180 s发生结构弛豫后,出现约1-2 nm的中程有序畴.采用Ni元素部分取代Cu元素,可提高合金抗结构弛豫能力和力学性能.     

Fe-Nb-B-M(M=Mo,Y)铁基合金的非晶形成能力及热稳定性

采用单辊甩带法制备了Fe_(71-x)Nb_6B_(23)M_x(M=Mo,Y;x=1,3,5,7,at%)非晶合金,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了Mo或Y元素替代Fe元素对合金非晶形成能力和热稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,1%~7%Mo或Y元素替代Fe元素均可以制得非晶合金。随着Mo或Y含量的增加,合金的非晶形成能力和热稳定性得到显著提高。Fe_(64)Nb_6B_(23)Y_7合金具有高热稳定性和良好的非晶形成能力,其晶化起始温度T_x为953 K,过冷液相区ΔT_x、T_(rg)和γ分别为51 K、0.638和0.412。     

Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块体非晶合金结构自由体积周围化学环境的研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、正电子湮没技术(PAT)-多普勒展宽谱,研究Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块体非晶合金及其过冷液相区结构自由体积周围的元素分布.结果表明:原始制备的Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块体非晶合金其结构自由体积周围主要富集Zr原子,在过冷液相区(T＝400 ℃)等温退火后,在该合金结构自由体积周围探测到Zr、Ti和Be原子.     

Si对Ni基非晶合金玻璃形成能力及热稳定性的影响

研究Si对NiCuTiZrAl非晶合金的玻璃形成能力及热稳定性的影响。利用铜模铸造制备NiCuTiZrAlSi非晶合金,3.5%Si的添加显著改善非晶合金的玻璃形成能力。在DSC、DTA、XRD及TEM分析的基础上,利用SEM(EDS)技术对类金属Si提高非晶合金的玻璃形成能力及热稳定性进行深入分析。适量元素Si添加不仅可以延缓熔体中初生相Ni(TiZr)和(TiZr)(CuAl)2形成,而且可抑制元素O的有害作用,这为类金属提高非晶合金的玻璃形成能力提供有效证据。利用Kissinger方程进行不同含Si量的NiCuTiZrAl非晶合金晶化动力学研究表明,放热峰Tp处晶化激活能随着Si量增加而增大。     

非晶合金Fe_(80-x)Cu_xSi_5B_(15)和(Fe_(1-y)Co_y)_(82)Cu_(0.4)Si_(4.4)B_(13.2)的晶化行为

用X射线衍射、吸收和内转换电子发射Mossbauer谱技术,研究了Fe_(80-x)Cu_xSi_5B_(15)和(Fe_(1-y)Co_y)_(82)Cu_(0.4)Si_(4.4)B_(13.2)两系列非晶合金的晶化行为.单辊急冷法制备的非晶带,晶化首先从贴辊面开始,晶化产物为α-Fe相.在Fe_(80)Si_5B_(15)非晶合金中以少量Cu替代Fe可以提高晶化温度.我们的结果表明,过渡金属的含量超过80at.-%,如增加到82at.-%,晶化温度就明显降低.所研究两系列含Si的铁基非晶合金在400—450℃范围内退火2h,都出现α-Fe,Fe_3B和Fe_2B三种晶态相共存状态.退火温度再升高,亚稳相Fe_3B逐渐转变为Fe_2B和α-Fe.     

铁钴基块体非晶合金的热膨胀特性和热导率研究

采用真空非自耗电弧炉制备出Fe24 XCo24XCr15Mo14C15B6Y2(X=0,2,4,6,8)块体非晶合金,利用热膨胀测试仪和激光闪射热导率测试仪测量合金的热膨胀系数和热导率并与差示扫描量热曲线和高温XRD图谱进行对比,研究不同Co含量块体非晶合金的线性热膨胀行为随温度的变化规律和Co元素含量、不同组织对铁钴基块体合金热导率的影响。结果表明,随着Co含量减小,不同Co含量铁钴基非晶合金均出现规律相似的两次晶化过程,并且二次晶化起始温度依次提高。当X=0时,在875 ℃附近热膨胀系数出现第三个极大值点;25 ℃时Fe24 XCo24-XCr15Mo14C15B6Y2 (X=0,2,4,6,8)铁钴基非晶合金热导率在7.12~7.35 W/(m.K)范围内,在700 ℃温度退火处理的Fe24 XCo24-XCr15 Mo14C15B6Y2 (X=0,2,4,6,8)铁钴基非晶合金的热导率值为7.5~9.46 W/(m.K),然而920 ℃退火处理后,热导率变化比较显著并出现先升高后下降的趋势。     

Zr55块体非晶合金在低频振动场下的微成形能力

通过设计的振动挤压侧向流动方案,对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5块体非晶合金在过冷液态区的微成形能力进行了研究。利用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件,对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5块体非晶合金在振动场作用下的流动变形能力进行了数值模拟分析,在450℃下选取不同振幅38N~760N和不同频率0.1Hz~2.0Hz进行成形实验,测量了非晶合金在横向槽内的流动长度。结果表明,引入振动场可以有效提高非晶合金的微成形能力,随着频率的增大,流动长度明显增大;随着振幅的增大,流动长度先增大后趋向平稳。从材料损耗模量、自由体积理论和表面效应3个方面对该现象进行了分析,表明振动成形是一种提高非晶合金微成形能力的有效方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.