绿色建筑部品全生命周期成本与效益评价方法研究

提出全生命周期成本效益评价方法包括费用效益法和费用估算方法,以及这些方法的使用范围和使用现状。根据全生命周期评价理论与建筑部品全生命周期阶段划分,重点研究绿色建筑部品全生命周期评价技术路线,以及绿色建筑部品全生命周期各阶段成本与效益评价方法。得出科学的绿色建筑部品全生命周期成本和效益的评价方法有利于促进绿色建筑事业的长远健康发展。     

建筑部品绿色度指标评价体系研究

通过对我国建筑部品在生产、使用及废弃等过程中的资源消耗、能源消耗、CO2排放情况的相关调查、计算与分析，完成了主要建筑部品对生态环境影响的基准指标的确定，并在国内首次以全生命周期评价方法（LCA）进行了建筑部品对建筑环境影响的相关基础研究工作，建立了建筑部品对建筑环境影响的评价体系框架。     

我国住宅新型建筑工业化生产方式研究

一、新型建筑工业化住宅概述1.新型建筑工业化住宅概念建筑工业化是以构件预制化生产、装配式施工为生产方式,以设计标准化、构件部品化、施工机械化为特征,能够整合设计、生产、施工等整个产业链,实现建筑产品节能、环保、全生命周期价值最大化的可持续发展的新型建筑生产方式,用新型建筑工业化生产方式生产的住宅称为新型建筑工业化住宅。2.新型建筑工业化住宅内涵(1)基本内涵——设计标准化、构件部品化、施工机     

西卡公司加大对华投入 成为国内最大建筑部品供应商之一

作为全球领先的建筑部品供应商,瑞士西卡公司面对中国迅猛发展的住宅产业,不断加大对国内市场的投入。随着日前其中国全资子公司——西卡(中国)建筑材料有限公司中国总部暨苏州生产基地在苏州工业园区的落成,西卡中国已成为国内最大建筑部品供应商之一,并由此揭开了中国投资的新篇章。     

集成墙面装配式部品认证技术研究

装配式建筑与装修在英、美、日等国已获得较高的市场占有率,而在我国尚处于初期发展阶段。如何规范化装配式部品的认定过程,减少工程质量问题,是当前装配式部品行业关注的焦点。本文就集成墙面装配式部品认证的技术指标进行分析,从全生命周期角度建立集成墙面装配式部品指标框架,初步形成集成墙面装配式部品认证指标体系,以期为后续推进装配式内装部品认证提供技术储备。     

生命周期评价理论及在建筑领域中的应用综述

生命周期评价通过对建筑产品从原材料挖掘到报废拆除整个生命期的分析,为全面衡量建筑的可持续能力提供了工具。在介绍生命周期评价概念和理论框架的基础上,对生命周期评价三种主要模型（过程生命周期评价模型、投入-产出生命周期评价模型、混合生命周期评价模型）的内容与特点进行了总结。针对目前国内外研究现状,回顾了生命周期评价在建筑材料与部品和整体建筑产品的应用,对生命周期评价在建筑领域中的发展给予展望。研究深入了当前对于生命期评价理论的认识与了解,指明了全生命周期评价模型在建筑可持续能力评估方面的优点与不足,推动了全生命周期评价理论在我国的丰富与发展     

装配式建筑部品(构件)生产质量风险管理研究——以济南为例

从建筑部品(构件)生产企业角度出发,分析建筑部品(构件)在深化设计、构件生产、运输与堆放阶段的主要风险因素,提出通过完善设计标准化、模块化解决深化设计问题;通过建立健全内部管理制度解决生产过程实施风险;通过完善质量政策法规,防控装配式建筑部品(构件)生产质量风险等建议措施。     

多系统相互合作的建筑部品分类体系实证分析——以国际太阳能十项全能竞赛获奖作品I-YARD外围护部品体系为例

新型建筑工业化背景下,要达成建造全过程的信息化管控、精细化生产、快速化施工,须有一套完善的建筑部品分类体系作支撑。阐述了建筑部品的概念与特征及其之于新型建筑工业化的特殊意义。分析了我国现有的建筑部品分类体系,从建筑部品的几何信息、空间位置、性能参数等多角度探究了其分类体系的组成因子,进而构建多系统相互合作的建筑部品分类体系,最后以国际太阳能十项全能竞赛(Solar Decathlon,SD)获奖作品I-YARD外围护部晶体系为例,对该分类体系的科学性及实用性进行分析,同时对该作品其他分项层的建筑部品特点进行介绍。     

我国建设领域正式实行住宅部品认证制度

依据国家标准和认证实施规则,首批对墙体保温材料、建筑砌块、建筑门窗及配套件等14种(类)部品进行认证。我国在建设领域正式启动住宅部品认证工作,首批开展认证的住宅部品有:建筑砌块、建筑涂料及腻子、墙体保温、防水卷材、建筑门窗及配套件、隔墙、厨房家具、地板、散热器、     

装配式建筑PC部品部件认证技术探讨

随着我国建筑工业的快速发展,基于装配式建筑部品部件和传统建筑产品在生产和性能方面的巨大差异,针对装配式混凝土建筑(PC)部品部件的认证技术展开探讨。通过文献研究结合理论分析方法,依据技术标准和工程规范,从装配式PC部品部件认证涉及的文件和记录、资源、采购、生产过程控制、检验控制、监视和测量设备的控制、不合格品控制、认证产品一致性等11个方面展开,综合运用多种分析方法,创建了认证指标体系。结合该研究内容,为装配式混凝土建筑部品部件认证开展提供技术支撑。     

基于全生命周期理论的建筑能耗问题研究

本文以全生命周期理论为基础.分析了我国宏观建筑能耗问题,得出了各个生命周期阶段节能的重点.通过对建筑全生命周期能耗进行分析,可以看出:建筑材料准备阶段的能耗和建筑运行能耗为建筑能耗的重要部分.减少建筑运行能耗是建筑节能的关键,减少建筑材料能耗同样具有重要的作用.     

基于全生命周期的建筑节能研究

目前建筑节能的主要关注点是建筑使用阶段运行能耗的节能,而建筑能耗却贯穿于建筑的各个阶段,因此应从生命周期的角度对建筑节能进行研究,这样可以对建材准备、建造、使用等建筑的各个阶段的能耗进行控制,从而达到建筑全生命周期能耗最低,实现真正的节能.首先运用生命周期理论构建出建筑全生命周期能耗的计算模型,在此基础上对我国建筑全生...     

Life cycle energy assessment of a typical office building in Thailand

A typical office building in Thailand was analyzed using the life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) method to illustrate the argument. Results indicate that although life cycle energy (LCE) distribution is concentrated at the operating phase, the embodied energy of buildings is a non-negligible fraction of the LCE balance. Energy (electricity) used for lighting and HVAC systems in the operation phase and; the manufacture of concrete and steel were the most significant elements in the buildings life cycle. Application of a combination of energy saving measures, showed that 40-50% of energy (electricity) used in a typical office building in Thailand can be saved. Preliminary analysis indicated that recycling building materials can also contribute additional energy savings (about 8.9%) to a buildings LCE profile. Therefore reducing energy consumption should be a priority for not only the operation but also other life cycle phases. It is suggested that both embodied and operating energy should be accounted for within the context of energy efficiency through the incorporation of LCEA into the existing Thai building energy code.     

Life cycle assessment in buildings: State-of-the-art and simplified LCA methodology as a complement for building certification

The paper presents the state-of-the-art regarding the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) in the building sector, providing a list of existing tools, drivers and barriers, potential users and purposes of LCA studies in this sector. It also proposes a simplified LCA methodology and applies this to a case study focused on Spain. The thermal simulation tools considered in the Spanish building energy certification standards are analysed and complemented with a simplified LCA methodology for evaluating the impact of certain improvements to the building design. The simplified approach proposed allows global comparisons between the embodied energy and emissions of the building materials and the energy consumption and associated emissions at the use stage.The results reveal that embodied energy can represent more than 30% of the primary energy requirement during the life span of a single house of 222 m² with a garage for one car. The contribution of the building materials decreases if the house does not include a parking area, since this increases the heated surface percentage. Usually the top cause of energy consumption in residential building is heating, but the second is the building materials, which can represent more than 60% of the heating consumption.     

A life-cycle energy analysis of building materials in the Negev desert

Environmental quality has become increasingly affected by the built environment—as ultimately, buildings are responsible for the bulk of energy consumption and resultant atmospheric emissions in many countries. In recognizing this trend, research into building energy-efficiency has focused mainly on the energy required for a building's ongoing use, while the energy “embodied” in its production is often overlooked. Such an approach has led in recent years to strategies which improve a building's thermal performance, but which rely on high embodied-energy (EE) materials and products. Although assessment methods and databases have developed in recent years, the actual EE intensity for a given material may be highly dependent on local technologies and transportation distances. The objective of this study is to identify building materials which may optimize a building's energy requirements over its entire life cycle, by analyzing both embodied and operational energy consumption in a climatically responsive building in the Negev desert region of southern Israel—comparing its actual material composition with a number of possible alternatives. It was found that the embodied energy of the building accounts for some 60% of the overall life-cycle energy consumption, which could be reduced significantly by using “alternative” wall infill materials. The cumulative energy saved over a 50-year life cycle by this material substitution is on the order of 20%. While the studied wall systems (mass, insulation and finish materials) represent a significant portion of the initial EE of the building, the concrete structure (columns, beams, floor and ceiling slabs) on average constitutes about 50% of the building's pre-use phase energy.     

住宅空调方案寿命周期能耗和资源消耗研究

以某高层住宅为例,按北京市和上海市两地的气候和建筑热工条件,对5种常见住宅空调设计方案的生产能耗和资源消耗进行对比分析,并依据运行能耗调查数据,对3种常见住宅空调方案的寿命周期能耗进行对比分析。结果表明,户式空调和集中空调方案的生产能耗、寿命周期能耗和资源消耗均显著高于分体空调方案。对于所研究的情况,水冷式集中空调方案的寿命周期能耗是分体空调方案的6.6倍,认为分散式空调仍然是目前最节能环保的住宅空调方式,盲目推广集中式空调会使我国住宅空调能耗大幅度增加。     

建筑给水管生命周期能耗分析方法及应用

建筑给水管材的选用对于建筑节能具有十分重要的现实意义。传统的建筑给水系统设计中管材的选用主要考虑其使用性能和一次性成本,忽视了不同的管材在整个生命周期过程中的能耗差异。本文首先运用生命周期评价方法有效地比较分析了建筑给水管材在其生命周期各个阶段的能耗,为建筑给水节能设计提供了一种全面有效的方法。而后从工程实际出发选择了2种常见的建筑给水管材并进行了生命周期能耗分析比较,得出在实现同等供水功能的前提下,镀锌钢管比硬聚氯乙烯给水管材生命周期能耗大。     

绿色建筑和谐家园——招商泰格公寓节能设计

对一个绿色建筑—招商泰格公寓的全方位介绍。指出绿色建筑需要依靠实实在在的绿色建筑技术,即四节一环保,它必须考虑在全生命周期成本内建筑耗费,还要有先进的咨询理念作为指导,相对准确的手段进行检验。     

生态住宅和传统住宅全生命周期能耗对比分析

基于建筑全生命周期原理,将住宅能耗划分为物化能和运行能两部分,并从理论上探讨两者间的关系,对比分析两者间的全生命周期能耗。研究表明:生态住宅在运行能节省方面优势明显,但其物耗能相对较高,其总能耗需在全生命周期内综合核定。结合我国住宅能耗统计工作实际情况,提出需建立住宅全生命周期能耗统计数据库,不断完善数据库的主要数据类型,为我国生态住宅建设提供依据。     

建筑耗能、环境与寿命周期节能设计

以建筑的整个寿命周期为范围 ,首先分析了建筑耗能的状况 ,从而指出了由于建筑在不同阶段的大量耗能而引发的日益严重的环境问题 ,最后探讨了建筑寿命周期节能设计的基本对策。