K8型半刚性节点网壳的弹塑性稳定分析

通过在ANSYS中数值模拟得到的节点弯矩—转角曲线对K8型半刚性螺栓球结点网壳进行了稳定性分析,通过定量的参数分析,较为全面地掌握了半刚性节点单层球面网壳的稳定性能。     

半刚性节点单层球面网壳结构的抗震性能及其设计方法

由单根或多根螺栓现场拼装而成的半刚性节点单层球面网壳逐渐受到工程设计人员及一些学者的关注。这种节点具有一定的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度,是介于刚接和铰接节点之间的一种半刚性节点。利用文献中的弯矩-转角曲线对凯威特型半刚性螺栓球节点单层球面网壳的抗震性能进行了较为系统的分析,包括其自振特性及杆件地震内力系数随矢跨比、跨度、屋面质量、杆件截面、地震动、节点弯曲刚度等参数的变化规律;通过大规模参数分析,采用基于包络响应的地震内力系数统计方法,给出凯威特型半刚性节点单层球面网壳考虑杆件弯矩影响的地震内力系数取值;提出基于地震内力调整系数的凯威特型半刚性节点单层球面网壳的实用抗震设计方法,可为工程设计提供参考。     

螺栓球节点力学性能研究及弯矩-转角关系式的建立

螺栓球节点常用于网架及双层网壳结构中,目前在一些小跨度、接近球形的单层网壳中也有所应用。现阶段对螺栓球节点网架及双层网壳进行分析时,通常将螺栓球节点假定为理想铰接,实际上该节点是介于刚接和铰接之间的半刚性节点。通过建立螺栓球节点的精细化模型,得到螺栓球节点的抗弯刚度及对应的弯矩-转角曲线,并利用已有试验数据验证了数值模型的合理性。研究了螺栓球节点相关参数（即螺栓直径、预紧力大小、锥尾壁厚和套筒厚度）对节点抗弯刚度的影响。研究表明：螺栓球节点的初始刚度和极限弯矩在一定范围内随螺栓预紧力的增大而提高,当螺栓预紧力达到100 kN时,其对螺栓球节点抗弯刚度的影响逐渐减弱;锥尾壁厚及套筒厚度对螺栓球节点极限弯矩的影响较大,而对节点初始刚度的影响较小;螺栓球节点的抗弯刚度随着螺栓直径的增加而增大。利用对螺栓球节点参数化分析的结果并结合节点的自身特性,基于KISHI等提出的幂函数模型,推导出了螺栓球节点弯矩-转角关系公式,该公式计算值与数值模拟的弯矩-转角曲线吻合度较高,能有效地模拟螺栓球节点弯矩-转角的关系。     

铝合金板式节点网壳稳定承载力试验研究

为研究铝合金板式节点刚度对单层球面网壳整体稳定性能的影响,制作一个跨度为8m、矢高为0.5m的K6型网壳模型,对网壳顶点施加4次单向循环荷载。试验结果表明,加载初期网壳表现出超刚性特征,即其刚度大于刚接节点网壳刚度;而后的节点螺栓滑移变形会降低网壳刚度,螺栓滑移引起的网壳变形很大且不可恢复。网壳的失稳属于整体跳跃失稳,但网壳屈曲后可继续承载,且荷载可进一步增大。最后一次单向循环加载时网壳因顶点杆件下翼缘的拉裂而破坏。另外,随着循环荷载逐级增大,网壳再加载初始刚度都有一定弱化。采用ANSYS有限元软件建立网壳分析模型,采用BEAM 188单元和COMBINE 39单元模拟考虑节点半刚性的铝合金板式节点网壳杆件,节点弯矩-转角关系曲线采用四折线模型,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

单层木网壳半刚性节点刚度试验研究

节点刚度对于单层网壳整体稳定影响显著,国内规范规定单层网壳节点应为刚性节点,由于木材本身的特性,节点无法实现刚性连接。通过分析不同的节点刚度与网壳稳定安全系数K之间的关系,论证半刚性节点在单层网壳运用的可行性。同时通过对2种胶合木半刚性节点进行试验,分析节点的破坏形态与破坏机理,获取节点的弯矩-转角曲线,从而计算出节点刚度。分析不同胶合木半刚性节点优缺性,指导在实际工程中的有效运用。     

双曲面网壳半刚性节点试验及弹塑性屈曲分析

为研究X形节点刚度对网壳结构弹塑性屈曲性能的影响。本文以广东移动南方基地大型双曲面单层网壳结构为背景,对4组X形节点进行平面内、外的弯曲刚度试验和有限元模拟,得到X形节点各杆件的弯矩–转角曲线,进而计算出节点各杆件的名义转动刚度值。结果表明:支座约束情况对节点转动刚度影响较大;平面外荷载下,节点转动刚度大,可按刚接处理;平面内荷载下,节点半刚性不容忽视。基于试验结果,考虑结构安装缺陷,采用MATRIX27单元对网壳节点刚度进行模拟,得到结构倒塌破坏全过程的荷载–位移特性,并对网壳节点在不同转动刚度下的极限承载力进行了对比分析。结果表明:X形节点转动刚度减小,网壳结构极限承载力降低;安装缺陷增大,网壳稳定性减弱。     

杆件随机初弯曲对半刚性连接单层网壳稳定承载能力影响研究北大核心CSCD

单层网壳结构是一种缺陷敏感型结构,其稳定承载能力受节点刚度和杆件初弯曲的影响较大.为更有效地研究节点半刚性和杆件随机初弯曲对网壳稳定承载能力的影响,引入双单元法实现了对网壳节点半刚度特性的模拟,运用了一种同时考虑节点刚度和杆件初弯曲的数值方法,分析了节点刚度、杆件初弯曲大小和方向的随机性对网壳屈曲承载能力的影响.深入研究了屈曲荷载系数的概率分布,得到其概率分布规律,拟合了关于网壳屈曲荷载系数的对数均值和对数标准差随节点刚度系数变化的折减系数公式.据此可高效简便地推导出网壳屈曲荷载系数的置信区间,从而得到网壳的极限屈曲荷载,为单层网壳结构的稳定承载能力分析提供了一种准确实用的分析方法.     

世博会阿联酋馆结构设计与研究

世博会阿联酋国家馆外形为两座沙丘,体型较为特殊。阿联酋馆为临时性建筑,世博会后将拆除并移至异地重新安装继续使用,故杆件间的连接均可拆卸。结构体系主要为单层网壳,节点采用了国内较少应用的螺栓连接节点。文中着重介绍了网壳螺栓连接节点的设计。结合节点试验研究与数值计算,确定螺栓连接节点刚度,并对节点抗弯刚度对结构整体稳定的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明：螺栓连接节点在网壳平面外为半刚性连接,试验得到的节点受弯承载力较数值分析结果偏大;节点抗弯刚度对网壳结构的周期和竖向变形影响较小,对结构整体稳定性影响较大。     

半刚性节点单层球面网壳整体稳定性分析

上海国际会议中心单层球面网壳采用的贯通式节点属于半刚性节点,这种节点的弯矩一转角关系可以采用分段等效剐度的方法来考虑。本文采用一致模态法分析了考虑节点刚度和不考虑节点刚度时的网壳在两种荷载工况下的整体稳定性,并研究了节点刚度对网壳整体稳定性的影响。     

铝合金板式节点刚度对网壳稳定性能影响研究

铝合金板式节点网壳是一种典型的半刚性节点网壳。采用ANSYS有限元软件对铝合金板式节点网壳弹塑性稳定性能进行了有限元分析。建立了考虑节点刚度的杆件单元模型。采用Combin39单元对节点非线性弯曲刚度进行模拟。分析了节点刚度对网壳失稳模态、应力分布和极限承载力的影响。研究发现,节点的非线性弯曲刚度对网壳整体稳定性能具有削弱作用,其削弱作用随着网壳矢跨比的减小而加大。最后,为了了解节点刚度四折线模型中各参数对网壳稳定性能的影响而进行了参数分析。研究表明,网壳极限承载力随着滑移弯矩和嵌固刚度的减小而降低,而其它节点刚度参数的影响可以忽略。     

Experimental study of semi-rigid joint systems subjected to bending with and without axial force

Socket joints and bolt-ball joints are typical semi-rigid joint systems widely used in spatial structures. In this paper, tests on fifteen joints are carried out to study their mechanical behavior. Three socket joint systems are subjected to bending moment and shear force, and another seven socket joint systems and five bolt-ball joint systems are subjected to bending moment, shear force and axial compressive force. The main characteristics of the moment-rotation relationship for the connections under different loading schemes are summarized and discussed. The results indicate that: (i) both socket and bolt-ball joint systems have good bending stiffness; (ii) the axial compressive force increases the initial bending stiffness of the joints; (iii) the axial compressive force has different effects on the bending moment capacity of different joints; and (iv) the yield process of moment-rotation curves of the joints is shortened due to the action of the axial compressive force.     

Review on the modelling of joint behaviour in steel frames

Steel portal frames were traditionally designed assuming that beam-to-column joints are ideally pinned or fully rigid. This simplifies the analysis and structural design processes, but at the expense of not obtaining a detailed understanding of the behaviour of the joints, which in reality, have finite stiffness and are therefore semi-rigid. The last century saw the evolution of analysis methods of semi-rigid joints, from the slope-deflection equation and moment distribution methods, to matrix stiffness methods and, at present, to iterative methods coupling the global and joint structural analyses. Studies agree that in frame analysis, joint rotational behaviour should be considered. This is usually done by using the moment-rotation curve. Models such as analytical, empirical, experimental, informational, mechanical and numerical can be used to determine joint mechanical behaviour. The most popular is the mechanical model, with several variances (e.g. Component Method). A summary is given of the advantages and disadvantages and principal characteristics of each model. Joint behaviour must be modelled when analysing semi-rigid frames, which is associated with a mathematical model of the moment-rotation curve. Depending on the type of structural analysis required, any moment-rotation curve representation can be used; these include linear, bilinear, multilinear and nonlinear representations. The most accurate representation uses continuous nonlinear functions, although the multilinear representation is commonly used for mechanical models. This article reviews three areas of steel joint research: (1) analysis methods of semi-rigid joints; (2) prediction methods for the mechanical behaviour of joints; (3) mathematical representations of the moment-rotation curve.     

Testing of composite steel top-and-seat-and-web angle joints at ambient and elevated temperatures, Part 1: Ambient tests

This paper presents six ambient tests on composite steel top-and-seat-and-web (TSW) angle joint specimens subject to monotonic loading. It is well known that the inherent strength and stiffness of composite semi-rigid joints can improve the structural behaviour of steel frame structures. However, experimental works on the composite steel TSW angle joints are very limited. The main objective of this study is to ascertain the ambient moment-rotation characteristics of composite steel TSW angle joints and to validate the authors’ mechanical model. The test results are presented and the joint failure modes are described. The effects of some parameters on the overall joint behaviour, such as longitudinal shear strengths of RC slabs, steel beam depths and tightening torques of bolts are investigated. With the development of a new joint component to represent the RC slab in tension, the authors’ mechanical model proves to be able to produce accurate and consistent predictions of the moment-rotation characteristics of composite steel TSW angle joints. The analytical results are compared with the test results and good agreement is achieved.     

Numerical analyses of semi-rigid joints subjected to bending with and without axial force

Socket joint systems are typical semi-rigid joints used in space structures. This paper presents numerical analyses of semi-rigid joint systems in which the bolts are pretensioned. Eleven numerical models of socket joints are studied: three of them are subjected to bending and the others are subjected to proportional bending and axial compression. Moment–rotation relationships of the joints are obtained using models in which the material and geometric nonlinearity are taken into account. The load-carrying mechanism of socket joint system is investigated in detail through the numerical analysis. Through comparison of the finite element analysis (FEA) and corresponding test measurements, it is shown that the proposed FEA models can be used effectively to describe the mechanical performance of the semi-rigid joints in spatial structures, including the initial bending stiffness, ultimate bending moment, deformation and the failure mode.     

半刚性连接梁柱组合节点低周反复荷载试验研究

为研究半刚性连接梁柱组合节点的抗震性能,开展了1个纯钢框架梁柱中节点、2个组合框架梁柱中节点的低周反复荷载试验。梁柱采用平齐式高强螺栓端板连接,试验采用柱顶加载模式。对试件的试验现象、变形、应变和耗能能力等进行了分析和比较。试验结果表明,组合节点相对于纯钢节点而言,由于负弯矩作用下钢筋的抗拉作用和正弯矩作用下混凝土板的抗压作用,其受弯承载力和转动刚度均有较大程度地提高;连接弯矩-转角关系的滞回曲线饱满、稳定,具有良好的耗能能力;平端板连接梁柱组合节点在反复荷载作用下具有较高的承载力和良好的延性,抗震性能良好。     

3种临时支撑节点力学性能试验研究

国内外的研究表明,临时支撑结构节点半刚性对临时支撑结构的承载能力有较大的影响。但目前对支撑结构节点力学性能的研究较少,且集中于扣件式节点,对其他形式节点的力学性能研究较少。对3种不同类型的支撑结构连接节点进行试验,研究节点的加载性能;同时,对节点的卸载性能及滞回性能也进行了相应的试验研究。通过对加载曲线的分析,确定出节点连接刚度的拟合值,可以用于对临时支撑结构的数值分析研究。     

Testing of composite steel top-and-seat-and-web angle joints at ambient and elevated temperatures: Part 2 — Elevated-temperature tests

An experimental programme of eight elevated-temperature tests on composite steel top-and-seat-and-web (TSW) angle joints was carried out to investigate the behaviour of this form of joints under fire conditions. It is found that the inherent strength and stiffness of composite joints can significantly improve the structural behaviour of steel framed structures under fire conditions. However, experimental works on composite steel TSW angle joints under fire conditions have not been published yet. To develop a versatile model to predict the joint moment-rotation characteristics, the authors have developed a component-based mechanical model for this form of joints. The objectives of this study are to ascertain the moment-rotation characteristic for this form of joint at elevated temperatures and to validate the authors’ mechanical model. The effects of some parameters on the overall joint behaviour, such as elevated temperatures, longitudinal shear strength of RC slabs, steel beam depth and bolt behaviour were observed and investigated. The mechanical model predictions are compared with the test results and showed good agreement.     

高强螺栓延伸/齐平端板连接节点的有限元模拟

分析研究钢结构半刚性连接的受力性能（弯矩-转角关系）,可以采用实体有限元建立分析模型。主要介绍用C语言编写梁柱半刚性连接节点有限元模型前处理时的方法和技巧。     

狗骨式节点和半刚性节点的受力性能综述

为了改善传统钢结构梁柱节点的抗震性能,人们做了大量节点试验,发现通过对梁柱节点进行狗骨式设计或半刚性设计可以有效的提高节点的受力和抗震性能。该文对狗骨式节点和半刚性节点两种新型节点的受力性能和抗震性能进行系统的分析,跟传统的刚性节点进行比较,得出两种节点各自的优点,分析了影响两种节点受力性能的因素。     

Behaviour of semi-rigid steel beam-to-beam joints under bending and axial forces

This paper presents an analysis of semi-rigid beam-to-beam end-plate bolted joints that are subjected to bending and tension or a compression axial force. Usually the influence of axial force on joint rotational stiffness is neglected. According to EC3, the axial load, which is less than 10% of plastic resistance of the connected member under axial force, may be disregarded in the calculation of characteristics of a joint. Actually, the level of axial forces in joints of structures can be significant and has a significant influence on characteristics of semi-rigid joints. One of the most popular practical methods permitting the determination of rotational stiffness and moment resistance of a joint is the so-called component method. The extension of the component method for evaluating the influence of bending moment and axial force on the rotational stiffness and moment resistance of a joint are presented in the paper. The numerical results of calculations of characteristics of joints and calculations of steel framework are presented in this paper as well.