基于城市广场热舒适的生态设计方法研究

良好的景观设计对改善城市广场热环境质量,提高人的热舒适有重要的作用。本文选择西安典型城市广场——大雁塔北广场作为研究对象,采用现场测试和问卷调查的研究方法,调查、分析了夏季的热舒适性及影响因素,并从不同方面提出了自己的一些生态设计要点,以期得到舒适的城市广场热环境。     

孔板送风对壁挂式空调房间热舒适性的影响

为研究孔板送风方式对壁挂式空调房间热舒适性的影响,采用Airpak软件分别对在相同送风量和送风温度下采用传统射流送风和孔板送风的气流组织进行数值模拟,通过对温度场、速度场、PMV-PPD值的对比分析,评价两种送风方式下的室内热舒适性,并采用实验测试的方法,对模拟结果的准确性进行实验验证。结果表明:送风方式对室内热舒适性影响明显,孔板送风对室内气流组织的改进和热舒适性的提高有较显著效果,夏季工况采用孔板送风可以起到节省能耗的作用。     

低能耗建筑室内热环境质量评价

通过对室内热环境的理论分析，建立了室内热环境质量评价模型。利用该模型并结合计算机模拟技术对地下埋管通风的低能耗建筑室内热环境质量进行了评价。评价结果表明，ＰＤ〈２５％，室内热舒适性可达到令人满意的水平。     

藏族闪片木楞房热环境测试与分析

对香格里拉藏族早期民居冬季室内的热环境进行了热环境测试,具体对木楞房民居室内温度、围护结构各壁面温度等参数进行了测试,比较分析,测试结果反映出影响室内热舒适性的温度变化现状,为改善室内热环境的舒适性提出改进建议和措施。     

长春地区高校教学建筑交往空间冬季热舒适性研究

文中对吉林建筑大学公共教学楼交往空间冬季的热舒适性进行了实际的测试与模拟研究,并且根据其空间热舒适性的现状做出了优化策略的研究和验证,以期望改善交往空间的热舒适性。     

小中甸夯土墙藏族民居热环境研究

该文对香格里拉小中句藏族民居冬季室内的热环境进行了热环境研究,具体对冬季香格里拉藏族民居室内温度、围护结构各壁面温度等参数进行了测试,比较分析,测试结果反映香格里拉小中甸的气候特征,得出影响室内热舒适性的温度变化现状,这些测试结果将为改善室内热环境的舒适性提供依据。     

小中甸夯土墙藏旗民居热环境研究

该文对香格里拉小中句藏族民居冬季室内的热环境进行了热环境研究,具体对冬季香格里拉藏族民居室内温度、围护结构各壁面温度等参数进行了测试,比较分析,测试结果反映香格里拉小中甸的气候特征,得出影响室内热舒适性的温度变化现状,这些测试结果将为改善室内热环境的舒适性提供依据。     

住区徽热环境测试方法

城市住区微热环境是城市热环境的重要构成部分,直接影响居住者的室外生活热舒适性以及建筑能耗和空调系统运行性能。住区室外微热环境测试对描述和评价热环境质量、获取热环境设计方面的经验、建立室外微热环境数学模型有重要意义。本文总结了针对不同目的的住区室外微热环境测试的项目、仪器、数据采集和处理方法,对某住宅小区冬季微热环境进行了描述和评价,并验证了风环境的数值模拟结果,提出了住区微热环境的测试方法应根据研究目的来选择确定。     

覆土建筑冬季室内热舒适性研究

通过对西安地区某覆土建筑冬季室内热环境的测试,分析了测试房与对比房的温度测试数据。结果表明测试房内各测点逐时温度均高于对比房,室内温度变化幅度也明显小于对比房,且覆土建筑的室内温度略高于当地室内设计采暖温度。在测试的基础上采用主观温度法对室内热舒适性进行参考性评价,结果显示测试房室内热环境较好地满足了使用者对热舒适的需求。因此,覆土建筑在冬季能够有效维持室内温度,提高热舒适性,同时能够降低建筑采暖能耗。     

会议室空调气流组织的数值模拟研究

利用Airpak软件对夏季使用落地式空调器制冷的某会议室气流组织进行数值模拟,研究了空调器位置设置不同对室内热舒适的影响,得到不同室内气流组织下速度场与温度场的分布,采用PMVPPD与空气龄指标对室内人员的热舒适性与空气品质进行评价。模拟结果表明,在东墙布置落地式空调的方式在改善工作区域空气品质以及人体热舒适性方面均优于南墙,为气流组织优化设计和空调室内热舒适性环境的改善提供了参考。     

Literature survey on how different factors influence human comfort in indoor environments

The present paper shows the results of a literature survey aimed at exploring how the indoor environment in buildings affects human comfort. The survey was made to gather data that can be useful when new concepts of controlling the indoor environment are developed. The following indoor environmental conditions influencing comfort in the built environment were surveyed: thermal, visual and acoustic, as well as air quality. The literature was surveyed to determine which of these conditions were ranked by building users as being the most important determinants of comfort. The survey also examined the extent to which other factors unrelated to the indoor environment, such as individual characteristics of building occupants, building-related factors and outdoor climate including seasonal changes, influence whether the indoor environment is evaluated as comfortable or not. The results suggest that when developing systems for controlling the indoor environment, the type of building and outdoor climate, including season, should be taken into account. Providing occupants with the possibility to control the indoor environment improves thermal and visual comfort as well as satisfaction with the air quality. Thermal comfort is ranked by building occupants to be of greater importance compared with visual and acoustic comfort and good air quality. It also seems to influence to a higher degree the overall satisfaction with indoor environmental quality compared with the impact of other indoor environmental conditions.     

Design of Rural Residence Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Chengdu Area

With the improvement of living standards, peasants have attached increasing attention to quality of living environment, indoor thermal comfort of rural residence has become a functional need of new countryside residence. Chengdu is a foggy area with shorter sunshine hours, humid air, more foggy but fewer windy days, so local residence is likely to be muggy, which influences comfort of residents seriously. According to relevant researches, most rural residences in Chengdu use only natural ventilation, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. In view of this, this paper tried to improve indoor thermal comfort and quality of living environment from the perspective of residence functional design.     

某精装修住宅楼室内热舒适度实测分析

热舒适性是居住者对室内热环境满意程度的一项重要指标,除了与空气温度、湿度相关外,还与气流速度、室内空气品质密切相关.详细阐述了室内热舒适性的测试方法及评价方法,并结合工程案例的实测情况,分析客厅、主卧室、次卧室等主要功能房间的室内热舒适度.     

对热舒适、空气感觉质量及能耗的模拟研究

室内空调设计温度和新风量对热舒适，室内空气质量及能耗量有重要影响，然而对它们之间相互关系进行研究的文献却较少。通过计算机模拟空调系统在7种室内设计温度和7种新风量条件下的运行情况，得到不同的设计条件组合对热舒适、人体感觉空气质量及建筑能耗量的影响。基于这项分析，提出了此办公建筑合理的室内设计温度和新风量取值。     

湖南地区高档住宅高舒适性与低能耗策略研究

高档住宅在热舒适、声环境和空气品质等方面比普通住宅有更高的要求,常规户式中央空调系统在舒适性能上较难满足高端客户的需求。毛细管辐射空调系统在热舒适、湿度环境、声环境和空气品质等方面有着优异表现,但因系统庞大复杂和造价较高,限制了它进一步推广应用。通过在系统小型化、湿度和结露控制、缩短起效时间等方面的改进完善,辐射空调的室内环境总体舒适度得到提升,将促进辐射空调方式在高档住宅领域的应用和发展。     

改善重庆住宅热环境质量的研究

对重庆住宅室内热环境状况进行了调查与实测,建立了室内热环境模拟与评价模型,利用该模型并结合计算机模拟技术,对改善住宅室内热环境的措施进行了系统分析。在此基础上,提出了重庆地区住宅热舒适性指标,为重庆地区住宅节能工作的开展提供了技术支持。     

A global approach of indoor environment in an air-conditioned office room

This study presents a multi-criteria method used for analysing the quality of an air-conditioned indoor environment. Indoor air flow induced by an actual Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system was experimentally studied under various conditions. The attention was focused on thermal comfort, acoustical comfort and indoor air distribution by considering spatial statistic studies of comfort indices. The compounded electric power of fan, compressor and pumps was measured in order to get information about energy consumption. A first analysis of these parameters showed that indoor comfort cannot be described by a general law. Thus, to reach the objective of a global approach of comfort by a spatial statistical study of the various discomforts, a multi-criteria analysis based on ELECTRE II method adapted to the comfort of air-conditioned indoor environment was applied. In this way the operating rules for coherent air conditioning systems can be defined, with a requirement for quality of indoor environment.     

室内环境与自然通风

通风的目的是保证室内良好的空气品质,采用自然通风方式是生态建筑设计的重要内容,通过良好的自然通风组织减少对空调的利用,并及时将污染物排出,改善室内空气品质。在热舒适方面,自然通风形成的室内热环境有利于人体舒适性。分析了生态建筑中自然通风对室内空气品质与室内热环境产生的影响,探讨了利用自然通风来改善建筑的室内环境的效果和策略,并提出了相应的设计方法。研究结果表明:组织合理的自然通风,可以有效地改善室内的空气品质和室内热环境。     

不同气流组织下夏季空调室内热舒适环境模拟

基于模型和Fanger提出的热舒适性PMV评价指标,对三种不同气流组织条件下夏季室内热舒适环境进行了数值模拟,模拟结果给出了室内的速度、温度及舒适度PMV指标分布情况。研究结论为改善室内热舒适环境,舒适性空调系统的设计及节能控制提供了参考依据。