铝在机械合金化合成TiC过程中的加速效应研究

应用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析技术,研究了不同含量的Al对机械合金化合成TiC的影响.结果表明,Ti-C-Al反应体系机械合金化合成产物为TiC-Al,所合成TiC的晶粒尺寸已达到纳米级.在Ti-C体系中加入一定量的Al对机械合金化合成TiC具有加速作用,其机制是Al在反应过程中充当了催化剂,中间产物可能是某些铝-钛化合物.     

以铝为助剂通过机械合金化和热处理制备Ti3SiC2

采用Ti、Si、C单质粉末为原料,添加少量Al元素粉末为助剂,通过机械合金化和热处理制备高纯Ti3SiC2材料。采用XRD和SEM研究该材料的物相组成和显微结构。研究结果表明,机械合金化Ti、Si、C单质混合粉末,会诱发自蔓延反应,生成组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2、TiSi2和Ti5Si3的粉末与颗粒产物。添加适量的Al元素可消除硅化物,明显促进Ti3SiC2的反应合成。采用Ti、Si、C、Al单质粉末进行机械合金化,可制备出主相为TiC与Ti3SiC2的粉末与颗粒产物。对掺Al机械合金化粉末产物压制后,在900~1 100℃热处理2 h,可制备出纯度大于95%(质量分数)的Ti3SiC2材料,而颗粒产物在900~1 200℃进行热处理,亦可获得纯度为96%的Ti3SiC2材料。但在1 300℃,热处理产物中的Ti3SiC2会发生严重分解,部分分解为TiC和少量硅化物,使产物纯度降低。     

粘结相对原位合成TiC钢结硬质合金组织结构和性能的影响

以钛铁粉、铬铁粉、铁粉、胶体石墨和镍粉等为原料,原位合成了TiC/Cr18Ni8、TiC/Cr19Al3和TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和洛氏硬度计、拉力试验机等对不同粘结相所制备的试样进行了组织结构分析和物理力学性能检测.结果表明:钢结硬质合金主要相组成为TiC、Fe-Cr-Ni和Fe-Cr固溶体,TiC晶粒细小,形状较为规则;粘结相对原位反应合成的钢结硬质合金的密度、硬度和所合成的TiC晶粒有较大影响,在相同烧结条件下TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的密度和硬度比TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金的高,但TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金中所合成的TiC晶粒比TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金中合成的TiC晶粒偏聚现象严重.TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的硬度为60～70.5HRC,TiC/Cr18Ni8和TiC/Cr19Al3钢结硬质合金的硬度多在20～50HRC之间.三者的抗弯强度为960～1452MPa.     

热爆合成TiC/Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合材料的研究

采用热爆合成技术制备TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,通过DSC,XRD,SEM等分析手段对Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆反应过程及复合材料进行了研究。结果表明:Ni,Al在反应生成Ni3Al的同时引发了Ti和C之间生成TiC的反应,形成了纯净的TiC/Ni3Al复合产物,Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系的反应温度与TiC含量无关。热爆产物的微观组织形貌跟体系成分及热爆温度有关,TiC含量愈高,TiC颗粒粒度愈大,热爆产物中微观孔隙愈少;TiC颗粒的粒度随热爆温度的升高而增大,形状从近球形发育成多边形。热爆产物的致密度随着TiC含量增加及热爆温度的升高均表现出先增加后减小的变化趋势。当TiC含量为35%左右,热爆温度为750℃左右时,产物致密度最高。不同成分复合材料的显微硬度不同,TiC含量增加,复合材料显微硬度显著提高。     

Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆合成反应及产物形态的研究

采用SEM和EDS分析对Ti—C-3Ni—Al体系热爆合成反应进行了研究。结果表明，由Ni和Al的放热反应引发Ti和C的强放热反应，体系生成了TiC／Ni3Al复合产物。体系成分和热爆温度是影响反应及产物形态的主要因素。TiC含量愈高，反应愈剧烈，TiC颗粒粒度愈大，产物致密性则先降低后升高。热爆温度愈高，反应愈剧烈，产物致密性相对愈好；TiC颗粒粒度随温度的升高而增大，形状从近球形发育成多边形。     

机械合金化+热处理制备Ti_3AlC_2材料

采用3Ti/1.1Al/2C粉体为原料,通过机械合金化与热处理,制备高纯Ti3AlC2材料。采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析与表征。结果表明,3Ti/1.1Al/2C粉体机械合金化9 h后,元素粉末间会发生化学反应,合成了TiC和Ti3AlC2的复合粉体材料。粉体材料的晶粒比较细小,颗粒直径约为0.5~2μm。同时产物中有一些坚硬、细小的块体出现,小块体中的TiC和Ti3AlC2晶粒发育良好,TiC晶粒大小约2μm,Ti3AlC2晶粒长约10μm、宽约2μm。对得到的机械合金化粉体进行热处理,经900℃保温2 h可获得组织细小(颗粒直径0.5~1μm)、高纯(96.6%)的Ti3AlC2材料。继续升温,会导致Ti3AlC2材料分解。温度升至1 300℃时,物相分析表明试样仅由TiC相组成,组织致密,TiC晶粒大小约5~10μm。     

机械合金化制备纳米TiC增强Ti基复合粉末

采用机械合金化法制备了纳米TiC增强Ti基复合粉末,通过XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS分别表征粉末的物相、形貌、晶体结构和元素分布,探索球磨转速、球料比及球磨时间对复合粉末物相形貌的影响。结果表明:当球磨转速达到300 r/min以上、球料比达到20∶1以上时,球磨效率无明显差异。球磨时间达到10 h,粉末中TiC物相明显;继续延长球磨时间至20 h,得到纳米级TiC增强相。在300 r/min球磨转速、20∶1球料比、20 h球磨时间条件下,可得到纳米TiC增强Ti基复合粉末,粉末中部分区域呈非晶态,大量纳米TiC颗粒弥散分布于粉末中。     

薄板坯连铸连轧生产Ti微合金化钢的强化机理

为了阐明薄板坯连铸连轧生产Ti微合金化钢的强化机理,通过电镜和化学相分析等实验手段对Ti含量不同的集装箱板进行了研究,结果表明,连轧前钢中尺寸为几十纳米的方形TiN粒子已基本析出,连轧及其后的低温阶段钢中形成纳米尺寸的弥散的TiC析出物,降低了Fe3C的质量分数.小于10 nm的TiC粒子是Ti微合金化钢屈服强度显著提高的主要原因.     

机械合金化制备高纯NiAl粉末

采用机械合金化方法制备NiAl粉末,用XRD和SEM对合成样品进行物相组成和形貌分析,研究了球磨时间和转速对NiAl粉末合成的影响规律.结果表明:球料比6:1,转速500 r/min时,球磨5h后NiAl合成反应基本完成,但由于铝粉的损失,导致合成粉末物相不纯,有少量Ni3Al存在;转速影响机械合金化方法制备高纯NiAl粉,选择合适的转速(365 r/min)可以制得纯NiAl粉.     

机械合金化金属间化合物Ni3Al研究现状

本文综述了用机械合金化法制备金属间化合物Ni3AI的研究现状和发展情况。介绍了Ni3AI的机械合金化过程和影响因素，以及Ni3AI机械合金化后粉体的成形烧结工艺及性能。展望了金属间化合物Ni3Al机械合金化的发展前景。     

In Situ Synthesis of Heat Resistant Gradient Composite on Steel Surface

 A heat resistant gradient composite was synthesized in situ on steel with the self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of 3Ni Al Ti C system during casting. The phases, microstructure, and composition of the composite were analyzed by using an X ray diffractometer (XRD), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X ray spectroscope (EDS). The formation mechanism of the composite is also discussed. TiC/Ni3Al/steel gradient composite is achieved by forming the gradient distributions of Fe, Ni, and Al, accompanied with the gradient variation of the microstructure from TiC/Ni3Al, to TiC/Ni3Al/steel, and to steel. The composite is in situ synthesized through whole reaction of 3Ni Al Ti C system in liquid steel and densification procedure, and the liquid steel infiltrates into pores in the SHS product and forces liquid Ni3Al to form self compaction further.     

前驱体碳化粉末反应火焰喷涂制备TiC增强金属复合涂层

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备了Ti-Fe-C和Ti-Ni-C两种体系的反应热喷涂复合粉末,通过氧乙炔火焰喷涂原位合成并沉积了TiC增强Fe基和Ni基复合涂层.利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究了复合粉末、涂层的相组成和组织结构,考察了TiC/Fe、TiC/Ni复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果表明: 复合粉末在喷涂过程中反应充分,可分别生成以Fe和Ni为粘结相的TiC增强涂层;两种涂层都是由TiC颗粒均匀分布的复合强化片层和TiC聚集片层叠加而成,TiC/Fe复合涂层的片层较薄,而TiC/Ni涂层中TiC的聚集片层较少;TiC/Fe涂层的硬度高于TiC/Ni涂层,两者的耐磨性能分别约为Ni60涂层的11倍和6倍.     

Effects of Si and Ni powder refining on the formation mechanism of nickel silicides induced by mechanical alloying

The synthesis of the Ni₂Si, Ni₅Si₂, and NiSi phases has been investigated by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni-33.3 at. pct Si, Ni-28.6 at. pct Si, and Ni-50 at. pct Si powder mixtures. As-received and 60-minute premilled elemental powders were subjected to MA. The average surface area of the premilled Ni powder particles, which had a flaky shape, was 3.5 times larger than that of the as-received Ni powder particles, which had a spherical shape. The as-received Si powder was angular in shape and the mean particle size was 19.1 μm, whereas the mean particle size of the premilled Si powder was 10 μm. A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, followed by a slow solid-state diffusion reaction, was observed to produce Ni silicide phases during MA of the elemental powders. The reactants and the product, however, coexisted for a long period of MA time. On the other hand, only the SHS reaction was observed to produce Ni silicides during MA of the premilled elemental powders, indicating that Ni silicides formed rather abruptly in a short period of MA time. The mechanisms and reaction rates for the formation of Ni silicides via MA appeared to be influenced by the elemental powder particle size and shape as well as the heat of formation of the products.     

Effects of Si and Ni powder refining on the formation mechanism of nickel silicides induced by mechanical alloying

The synthesis of the Ni₂Si, Ni₅Si₂, and NiSi phases has been investigated by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni-33.3 at. pct Si, Ni-28.6 at. pct Si, and Ni-50 at pct Si powder mixtures. As-received and 60-minute premilled elemental powders were subjected to MA. The average surface area of the premilled Ni powder particles, which had a flaky shape, was 3.5 times larger than that of the asreceived Ni powder particles, which had a spherical shape. The as-received Si powder was angular in shape and the mean particle size was 19.1 μm, whereas the mean particle size of the premilled Si powder was 10 μm. A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, followed by a slow solid-state diffusion reaction, was observed to produce Ni silicide phases during MA of the elemental powders. The reactants and the product, however, coexisted for a long period of MA time. On the other hand only the SHS reaction was observed to produce Ni silicides during MA of the premilled elemental powders, indicating that Ni silicides formed rather abruptly in a short period of MA time. The mechanisms and reaction rates for the formation of Ni silicidesvia MA appeared to be influenced by the elemental powder particle size and shape as well as the heat of formation of the products. W.H. LEE, Professor, formerly with the School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 133-791, Korea     

Effect of Preparation Methods on Hydriding Properties of La1.5Mg17 Ni0.5 Composite Materials

La1.5Mg17Ni0.5 hydrogen storage materials were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis (HCS) and mechanical alloying (MA) method respectively. The experimental results show that the hydrogen absorption properties of La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA are better than that by HCS. La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA can absorb 6.73 mass% hydrogen at 523 K within 1 min, and 4.92 mass% hydrogen at 423 K. The improvement of hydriding properties of La1.5Mg17Ni0.5alloy prepared by MA can be ascribed to the formation of nano-crystalline and defects during the mechanical alloying.     

添加剂镍对原位合成TiB2-TiC复相陶瓷材料性能的影响

用TiH2，Ni和B4C作为原料，采用热等静压法制备了TiB2-TiC复相陶瓷材料，此方法工艺简单。成本较低。XRD研究表明在样品中只存在TiB2和TiC两相；TEM研究结果表明TiB2晶粒为规则的多边形和板条状，添加剂Ni位于TiB2/TiC交界处；显微硬度、断裂韧性和SEM断口形貌的研究结果表明添加剂Ni显著提高了TiB2-TiC复相陶瓷材料的综合性能。     

制备工艺对TiC泡沫陶瓷结构及性能影响

用泡沫塑料浸渍法成形、真空烧结的方法可以制备体积骨架分数在15%～70%的碳化钛骨架预制件。通过控制烧结真空度以减少金属助烧剂Ni的挥发,可以增加碳化钛骨架筋的致密度。添加金属钼也可以提高碳化钛骨架筋的致密度。文中还讨论了提高碳化钛骨架筋的致密度的机理。     

TiC基对称成分功能梯度材料残余热应力分析

采用有限元方法对TiC基对称成分功能梯度材料 (SCFGM)中的残余热应力进行了理论计算。在此基础上 ,采用热压烧结工艺制备了表面无宏观缺陷的TiC(Mo ,Ni) x/TiC(Mo ,Ni) y/TiC(Mo ,Ni) x对称成分功能梯度材料。力学性能测试表明 ,对称成分功能梯度材料较之相应单一组分材料而言 ,在抗弯强度、断裂韧性等力学性能方面有较大程度的提高。这也表明 ,通过材料设计的手段可以改善材料的某些力学性能     

Fabrication of TiC/Fe–Ni cermet coatings by reactive thermal spraying of Fe–Ti–Ni–C composite powder

Abstract

A mixture of ferrotitanium, nickel powders and sucrose was heated with an intention of carbonising the sucrose. The tiny ferrotitanium, nickel particles are bound by the carbon obtained from pyrolysis of the sucrose to form a unique structure of Fe–Ti–Ni–C composite powder for reactive thermal spraying. The carbon is a reactive constituent as well as the binder in the composite powder. TiC/Fe–Ni cermet coating was prepared by reactive plasma spraying of this powder. A mass of TiC particles were in situ synthesised and uniformly distributed in the Fe–Ni alloy matrix without residuals of raw materials in the coating. The coating is consisted of two different areas: one is the composite area, where lots of spherical fine TiC particles (100–500 nm) are homogeneously distributed within the Fe–Ni alloy matrix; the other is a small fraction of TiC accumulation. The volume fraction of composite area is >87%.