半绝缘InP中Si~++P~+双注入的电学特性

研究了在200℃热靶条件下经Si~+单注入和S~++P~+双注入的半绝缘InP常规热退火和快速热退火后的电学特性。热退火后,双注入样品中的电学性能优于单注入样品。采用快速热退火后,双注入的效果更加显著。Si~+150keV,5×10~(14)cm~(-2)+P~+160keV,5×10~(14)cm~(-2)双注入样品经850℃、5秒快速效退火后,最高载流子浓度达2.6×10~(19)cm~(-3),平均迁移率为890cm~2/V·s。     

半绝缘InP注硅的无包封退火

掺Fe半绝缘 InP材料室温下注入Si~+,在 650℃无包封退火15 min,辐射损伤已可消除;但是Si的充分电激活则需要较高的退火温度.无包封下即使在 750℃退火 30 min,样品表面貌相也未被破坏.用能量E=150keV注入Si~+、剂量φ为1× 10~(13)、5 × 10~(13)和1×10~(14)cm~(-2)的样品.在750℃无包封退火15min,最高载流子浓度n_s分别是8×10~(13)、3.9×10~(13)和 6.3 ×10~(13)cm~(-2),其中φ为 1×10~(13)cm~(-2)的样品,霍耳迁移率μ_n为 2100 cm~2/V·scc.     

10keV B~+注入预非晶化Si的剩余缺陷和浅结

<正> 一、问题的提出和实验方法 在低能注入B~+浅结的过程中,沟道效应难以避免。为避免B~+注入的沟道效应,本文采用100keV下5×10~(15)cm~(-2)的Si~(29)注入n-Si<100>进行非晶化处理。继而进行了10keV,1×10~(15)cm~(-2)的B~+注入形成浅结,然后对样品进行快速热退火(RTA)处理,并观察界面缺陷的     

GaAs中Si~+注入的X射线双晶衍射研究

本文用X射线双晶衍射术,结合摇摆曲线的计算机模拟和电学测量,研究了 180keV Si+注入GaAs(100)样品及其退火过程中的结构变化.结果表明,注入态时Si原子基本上处在基体中的间隙位上,使点阵产生膨胀,在退火过程中逐渐进入替代位,但这一替代过程进行得并不彻底.当剂量高于 1×10~(13)cm~(-2)时,注入态就显著地产生了间隙Si原子进入替代位的过程.当剂量达到 1×10~(15)cm~(-2)时,经 800℃ 0.5 小时的炉退火仍然不能消除离子注入所引起的损伤和应变,大量Si原子留在间隙位上,使激活率难以提高.分析表明,空位和应力在Si原子从间隙位到替代位的过程中起了很大的作用,是GaAs中Si离子注入产生饱和现象的.主要原因.     

锗离子注入硅单晶的非晶化及二次缺陷的研究

本文用卢瑟福背散射(RBS),横断面透射电子显微镜(XTEM)及微区电子衍射技术研究了锗离子注入硅单晶中的非晶化及二次缺陷的特性。离子注入能量为400keV,剂量范围为1×100~(13)至1×10~(15)/cm~2,离子束流强度为0.046μA/cm~2,注入温度为室温。实验发现,在本工作的离子注入条件下,入射锗离子使硅单晶表面注入层开始非晶化的起始剂量大于0.6×10~(14)/cm~2。形成一个完整匀质表面非晶层所需的临界剂量为1×10~(15)/cm~2。热退火后产生的二次缺陷特性极大地受到退火前样品注入层非晶化程度的影响。     

高浓度注砷和注锑硅的连续氩离子激光退火研究

对高浓度注砷硅(双能量注入150 keV、1.05 × 10~(14)cm~(-2)和 60 keV、3.5×10~(15)cm~(-2)的连续Ar~+激光退火进行了研究.实验发现只有在合适的样品预热温度和激光功率的条件下才能获得最高的电激活率.过高的预热温度,因亚稳态载流子浓度弛豫现象而使电激活率降低;但过低的预热温度,因需要更大的激光功率而使硅表面产生严重损伤,甚至产生微细裂纹.这种现象在高浓度注锑硅(150keV、10~(16)cm~(-2))样品中同样存在.     

GaAs离子注入工艺实验简况

<正>自81年8月份以来,离子注入工艺围绕着GaAs材料开展了在缓冲层上和半绝缘衬底上注入Si和S杂质,以及注入后用SiO_2包封退火和夹片方式退火等方面的实验,目前已经在单栅和双栅FET器件上取得了初步结果.用能量为200keV、剂量为4×10~(12)cm~(-2)的单电荷Si离子,注入缓冲层制作FET的有源层.注入后用SiO_2包封,在825℃的氢气炉中退火30分钟.制出的双栅FET器件,在频率2GHz下,噪声系数为0.9dB,相关增益为14.5dB.另外,为了满足有些器件注入深度的要求,在200keV     

采用P^＋共同注入改进SI—GaAs Si^＋注入层的电特性

在SI—GaAs Si~+注入层中共同注入P~+可以改进注入层的电特性。P~+的共同注入提高了注入层的激活率和平均霍耳迁移率。对于Si~+注入的剂量和能量分别为4×10~(12)cm~(-2)/30keV+5×10~(12)cm~(-2)/130keV的样品,得到了激活率为75～85％,平均霍耳迁移率为4600～4700cm~2/Vs的结果。另一方面,P~+注入改进了有源层与衬底的界面特性。肖特基势垒技术测量表明,P~+共同注入的样品表现出更好的迁移率分布。深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)测量表明,P~+共同注入降低了激活层中的深能级密度。     

硅离子注入SI-GaAs的快速热退火

使用高频感应加热的石墨作为红外热辐射源研究了SI-GaAs中Si注入的快速热退火(RTA)。对快速热退火在缺陷消除方面较常规退火具有的优点进行了讨论。在900～1050℃退火温度范围内,RTA的激活率随温度增加而增加,高剂量时RTA的激活率比SiO_2包封常规退火的高一倍多,载流子浓度可达1.5×10~(18)cm~(-3)。采用Si两次注入获得了性能优良的薄层掺杂材料。这种材料用于器件制造取得了很好的使用结果。     

质子注入直拉硅中缺陷的研究

对比电子辐照和氦、硼离子注入,研究了质子注入n型和P型直拉硅中产生的缺陷及其退火行为.指出我们所观察到的n型样品中的电子陷阱E(0.30)是质子注入所特有的,它很可能是与氢有关的深能级.与电子辐照对比,离子注入在E(0.41)附近引入了除双空位及磷空位以外的新的缺陷.质子注入引入的氢能使n型样品中各电于陷阱的退火温度有不同程度的降低;在P型样品中,当质子注入剂量为5 × 10~(10)/cm~2与1.5 × 10~(11)/cm~2时,各空穴陷阱的退火温度降低并会聚在150℃,但当质子注入剂量大于或等于5 × 10~(11)/cm~2时,注入的氢对各空穴陷阱的退火没有明显的影响.对以上现象作了分析与讨论.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.