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本文研究了在酸性离子交换树脂催化下大豆油的环氧化,研究了树脂用量及交联度、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产品环氧值的影响,并得出了环氧化、碱洗、水洗、减压蒸馏等过程的优惠工艺条件. 相似文献
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本文主要研究了铸造砂芯粘合剂苯基苯酚甲醛树脂的合成路线。以邻苯基苯酚和甲醛为原料,乙醇为溶剂,碱性阴离子交换树脂为催化剂。通过催化缩合、真空抽滤、蒸馏等过程,制得苯基苯酚甲醛树脂。实验结果表明,邻苯基苯酚用量为100 g时、使用145 m L甲醛、50 g催化剂、35℃反应温度、6.5 h反应时间所得产品的质量最好。粘度在300 MPa·s以上,甲醛含量低于2%,固化时间在210 s左右。是一种耐水和酸碱、稳定性较好的苯基苯酚甲醛树脂。 相似文献
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本文将根据生物柴油近年来国内外的发展趋势,着重讨论生物柴油的制备工艺,酸碱催化、酶催化和离子催化等不同生物柴油的生产方式和不同的性质,所涉及的相关技术问题,以及用生命周期循环来评价生物柴油工艺和技术的可行性。 相似文献
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为了提高甘油醚化制备二甘油的选择性和收率,提出酸碱协同催化甘油制备二甘油的方法。首先以K_2CO_3为催化剂,通过单因素和正交实验优化工艺条件:反应温度230℃、催化剂(K_2CO_3)用量2.7 g、反应时间3 h。在优化工艺条件下,对K_2CO_3中添加活性Al_2O_3产生酸碱协同催化及甘油聚合反应动力学进行研究。相对于碱催化,酸碱协同催化下甘油转化率从30.4%提高到39.4%,二甘油收率从23.0%提高到30.2%。甘油聚合生成二甘油的反应活化能从K_2CO_3催化时的137.71降低到了123.35 kJ·mol~(-1)。结果表明,酸碱协同催化优于单一的碱催化。 相似文献
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介绍了1990年以来全世界化学工业中投入生产的新酸碱催化过程。这些过程采用的催化剂主要为沸石、杂多酸、离子交换树脂、改性氧化锆和超强酸等。涉及的反应类型包括均相和多相催化的液相和气固相反应。同时对酸碱催化未来的研究方向进行了评述。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献