β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料结构与性能的研究

利用冷冻干燥法制备了β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料,经XRD和FTIR分析表明复合支架中丝素的结构主要以β-折叠为主;SEM分析显示材料孔隙分布均匀,孔连通性较好,孔径尺寸约为100～300μm.对支架的孔隙率和机械强度等性能进行了表征,研究表明复合支架的孔隙率为83%～87%,机械强度有较大提高.应用模拟体液浸泡实验研究了复合支架的体外生物活性,并用XRD、FESEM和EDS对试样表面进行了表征;结果显示,样品经模拟体液浸泡3天后,表面都能沉积出类骨羟基磷灰石(HA)层,β-CaSiO_3的加入能加快复合支架表面沉积类骨HA的速度.研究结果显示β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料有望作为强度较好的生物活性硬组织修复材料.     

丝素蛋白/纳米生物玻璃复合多孔支架的结构与性能

采用冷冻干燥法制备了丝素蛋白(SF)/纳米生物玻璃(NBG)复合多孔支架材料。并用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等对SF/NBG复合支架进行了结构与性能表征。结果表明,SF/NBG复合多孔支架孔连通性较好,孔径为150～300μm,孔隙率为80.6%～90.3%;同时NBG的加入促进了复合多孔支架中SF的构象部分由无规卷曲向β-折叠转变。复合多孔支架抗压强度和抗压模量相比于纯SF多孔支架有较大提高。采用模拟体液浸泡实验研究了复合支架的体外生物活性,并用XRD、FT-IR和FESEM对试样表面进行了表征。结果显示,复合多孔支架经模拟体液浸泡7d后,表面沉积出类骨羟基磷灰石(HA)层,NBG的加入能加快复合多孔支架表面沉积类骨HA的速度。研究结果显示SF/NBG复合多孔支架材料有望作为生物活性良好的骨组织修复材料。     

壳聚糖/磷灰石-硅灰石复合多孔支架材料的制备与性能

以磷灰石-硅灰石(AW)生物活性多孔玻璃陶瓷支架材料为基体,采用物理包被法制备了壳聚糖(CS)/AW复合多孔支架材料,通过红外图谱分析、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、强度检测等分析测试方法,研究了复合材料的组成、微观结构、力学和矿化性能。结果发现：复合材料与AW多孔支架材料基体相比,仍具有三维贯通且分布均匀的孔隙结构,孔径尺寸约 100～500μm,孔隙率为80%左右,且力学性能明显增强,平均抗压强度可达3.11 MPa,比多孔AW支架材料基体的平均抗压强度提高了8.3倍。体外模拟体液浸泡实验表明,复合材料具有较高的矿化功能,预示材料具有较好的生物活性。这种复合材料可望作为人体非承重部位的植入骨修复体和组织工程支架使用。     

生物活性玻璃/PLA-PEG-PLA/聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF溶液中的降解和矿化

通过测定pH值、质量损失率、SEM、XRD和FTIR,系统研究了生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物（PLA-PEG-PLA）/聚乳酸组织工程支架在模拟体液（SBF）中的降解和生物矿化性能。研究结果表明：随着支架在SBF溶液中浸泡时间的延长,SBF的pH值和支架的质量呈下降趋势;生物活性玻璃的存在使pH值升高,而PLA-PEG-PLA嵌段共聚物的存在使pH值降低。XRD、FTIR图谱和SEM图像表明：在SBF中浸泡一定时间后,有无定型或结晶不完善的磷灰石在生物活性玻璃/PLA-PEG-PLA/聚乳酸组织工程支架表面沉积形成,并且PLA-PEG-PLA共聚物降解速度比聚乳酸快;在SBF中浸泡7天后,PLA-PEG-PLA共聚物的含量已经很难通过FTIR检测出来。     

多孔磷酸钙骨水泥组织工程支架的高分子灌注增强

利用棒状谷氨酸钠晶体作为造孔粒子,采用可溶盐造孔法,制备了三维连通的大孔径多孔磷酸钙骨水泥支架,分别将明胶(Gelatin) 、聚乳酸2羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA) 、聚乳酸(PLA) 、聚己内酯(PCL) 、聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)灌注到多孔磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)支架的孔隙中以改善支架材料的力学性能。结果表明,5 种高分子材料与水的接触角大小顺序为PHBV > PCL > PLA > PL GA > Gelatin , 复合支架材料的强度随高分子材料与水接触角的减小而增大;除PHBV外,其余4种均有明显的增强效果,其中Gelatin/CPC复合支架增强效果最好,强度达到2. 25 MPa±0. 02 MPa ,是CPC支架强度的25倍。经过增强的大孔径多孔磷酸钙骨水泥复合支架可用作骨组织工程支架材料。      

壳聚糖-明胶/APTES改性生物活性玻璃复合支架的制备工艺

为改善生物活性玻璃与高分子之间的相容性,利用 APTES改性生物活性玻璃(SBG),通过冷冻干燥法制备出用于骨和软骨组织工程的壳聚糖-明胶/APTES改性生物活性玻璃(CS 2Gel/ SBG)仿生型复合多孔支架,并对其孔隙率、力学性能和显微形貌进行了表征;探讨了各组分不同含量、交联剂和冷冻温度对CS-Gel/SBG复合支架孔隙率、力学性能和显微观结构的影响。研究表明,当SBG和CS-Gel的含量分别为70和40 g·L-1,用EDC和NHS交联,-50℃急冻2h后,又在-15℃ 下冷冻10h,最后真空冷冻干燥,制备出孔隙分布均匀、孔隙率达到90 %以上、三维连通的复合多孔支架。     

可控孔隙结构三维多孔β-磷酸三钙支架的制备与表征

采用快速原型技术构造了3种不同形貌的高分子多孔模板,然后通过浆料灌注和凝胶注模原位凝固技术制备出以β-磷酸三钙为主要成分的三维多孔支架,实现了对骨组织工程支架孔结构的控制。采用微计算机断层扫描技术,在不破坏样品的情况下,精确地对支架的孔隙结构进行了观察和表征,并对支架的物相组成、显微形貌以及抗压强度进行了分析和测试。采用高分子模板制备的规则孔结构支架,大孔隙相互连通构成三维连通结构,并且具有大孔-微孔多级孔结构,抗压强度可达2MPa以上,大孔孔隙率为50%以上。结果表明,通过快速原型技术制备的连通多孔高分子模板,结合原位凝固成型技术,可以制备出孔径和结构可控、孔隙完全连通的β-磷酸三钙支架。     

支架结构对聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF溶液中降解进程的影响

本文通过对不同孔隙率和不同孔径的聚乳酸组织工程支架在模拟体液（SBF）中的降解性能的研究,探讨支架结构对聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF溶液中降解进程的影响.研究发现：孔径适中的200-300微米致孔剂制得的聚乳酸组织工程支架材料在降解1周后比其它两种孔径（致孔剂粒径100微米以下、致孔剂粒径300-400微米）的支架材料的分子量更高,支架的降解性能更稳定;孔隙率越高支架材料的分子量降低得越慢.聚乳酸组织工程支架的失重率并不随着降解时间的增长而逐步增大,而是呈起伏状态,这是由于组织工程支架在SBF溶液中既有降解进程,又有沉积进程造成的.     

氨基化改性生物玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶技术制备生物活性玻璃,并将其与明胶、胶原蛋白复合制备生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架。力学性能研究表明,该复合支架形变量50%时的抗压强度为5.97 MPa;将生物活性玻璃氨基化改性后,制备的复合支架形变量50%时的抗压强度略有增加(6.15 MPa)。傅立叶红外光谱显示,氨基化改性生物玻璃与明胶、胶原之间生成酰胺键,增强了复合支架的结构稳定性。将生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架置于模拟体液中矿化,在扫描电镜下可观察到其表面生成了羟基磷灰石,且随着矿化时间的延长,生成的羟基磷灰石颗粒逐渐增多。生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架于磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中降解28d后,其质量剩余25.25%,而氨基化改性生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架的质量剩余32.96%,表明氨基化改性能够提高其无机相与有机相的界面相容性,从而提高复合支架的结构稳定性。细胞毒性研究表明,氨基化改性生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架和生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架反应级为0级或1级,可满足生物医用材料的要求。氨基化生物活性玻璃/明胶/胶原复合支架有望在骨组织工程修复中得到应用。     

生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF溶液中的降解和矿化性能

利用扫描电镜、X衍射仪以及红外漫反射仪,并通过对生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在模拟体液（SBF）中失重率及模拟体液pH值的变化的检测,系统研究了生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF中的降解和矿化性能。结果发现：随着含有生物活性玻璃的聚乳酸支架在SBF溶液中浸泡时间的增长,SBF的pH值不断下降;含有生物活性玻璃...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.