FY-3A/MWHS在轨辐射定标及结果分析

风云三号A星微波湿度计(FY-3A/MWHS)是我国首次在轨定量遥感大气参数的高频微波辐射计,本文以发射前地面真空试验数据为基础完成了FY-3A/MWHS在轨辐射定标,利用同期在轨的同类载荷NOAA/AMSU-B数据进行在轨辐射定标对比分析,结果表明FY-3A/MWHS在轨星上定标观测基础数据在卫星绕地飞行一圈的观测过程中变化合理,经非线性偏差订正和天线订正等辐射定标处理后,FY-3A/MWHS与NOAA-17/AMSU-B对应通道定标结果相比匹配目标点通道亮温差最大不超过1.5 K,FY-3A/MWHS在轨辐射定标结果为其资料在数值天气预报模式中的同化以及大气参数反演等定量应用奠定了基础。FY-3A/MWHS定标及结果分析方法对我国未来星载被动微波探测器的在轨定量应用具有示范意义。     

一种有源微波近场成像系统

针对早期乳腺癌检测等近场目标的探测成像,设计了一种基于2.45GHz连续波信号的微波近场成像实验系统,主要由硬件电路和成像算法组成.系统电路用小体积、高性能和低成本的射频微波集成芯片实现,大大缩小了系统的体积并降低了成本,电路由天线模块、收发模块和数据采集控制模块构成.成像算法采用有限元微波共焦算法,完成对被测区域日标的探测成像.     

基于中和线解耦的小型化MIMO天线设计

本文设计了一种利用中和线技术来提高隔离度的双频MIMO天线.天线单元采用印刷单极天线的形式,两个工作频段分别覆盖WLAN频率2.45 GHz/5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz.低频谐振单元为倒F天线,通过增加短截线,用以产生高频谐振,实现双频工作.在天线之间增加一个悬置的中和线来提高天线端口之间的隔离度.仿真结果表明,天线两个工作频带分别为2.39~2.53 GHz和4.57~6.09 GHz.天线两个端口之间的隔离度,在低频段内,S 21<-19.3 dB,在高频段内,S 21<-24.6 dB,满足移动通信WLAN频段天线的设计要求.     

风云三号气象卫星微波温度计（MWTS）

微波温度计是一个多通道的被动微波辐射计,用于风云三号气象卫星,风云三号工作在太阳同步轨道。本文描述了微波温度计的功能和性能,微波温度计系统由天线子系统、接收子系统、信号处理和控制子系统、定标子系统和扫描伺服子系统组成,微波温度计的4个接收通道的中心频率分别为50.30 GHz、53.596 GHz、54.94 GHz和57.29 GHz,用于探测大气垂直温度分布。     

宽频带圆极化交叉偶极子天线设计

本文设计了一种宽频带圆极化的交叉偶极子天线,天线由两组正交放置的加载L型分支线的矩形偶极子、同轴馈线和矩形反射板构成.两个3/4圆环插入到两组正交偶极子天线之间,实现圆极化特性.通过在矩形交叉偶极子上增加两条分支线和在边缘切角有效拓宽了天线的阻抗带宽和轴比带宽.仿真结果表明:设计天线的相对阻抗带宽达到1.5~5.2GHz(110.4%),3-dB轴比带宽达到1.67~3.77GHz(77%),增益最高可达7.2dBi,故设计的天线可被用于无线能量收集系统.     

X波段基片集成波导四路功分器的设计

 功分器作为复合器、耦合器和天线的馈电系统中的关键部分,在微波、毫米波系统中得到广泛应用.从矩形波导功分器的工作原理出发,利用基片集成波导高Q值、低损耗等特点,研究了基片集成波导功分器的设计规则和关键技术.设计并实际制作了一个X波段基片集成波导的四路功分器.测试结果表明,其输入端反射系数在9.0～11.0 GHz内均小于-15 dB,相对带宽达到了20%,通带内的电压传输系数在-9.0～-7.7 dB之间波动,满足设计要求.该功分器成本低,且结构简单,可以广泛应用于微波电路中,适于批量生产.     

具有高选择性和谐波抑制的滤波天线设计

设计了一款同时具有高选择性和谐波抑制的滤波天线.通过在正方形微带贴片上蚀刻1对缝隙和在地面上引入两口环DGS,引入2个辐射零点,提高了选择性;通过在接地板上蚀刻2个哑铃型DGS和在馈线上加载1个圆头形开路短截线,谐波抑制达到了12 GHz(4.8f₀).测试结果表明,设计滤波天线工作通带为2.34 GHz～2.42 GHz,在2.28 GHz和2.70 GHz处有两个辐射零点,在3 GHz～12 GHz间的反射系数均大于-4 dB.     

差分双频滤波天线设计

本文设计了一个能够工作在WLAN频段的差分双频滤波天线,该差分双频滤波天线由差分双频滤波器和差分双频天线构成.通过在天线的馈线上插入滤波器,可以改善滤波天线阻抗带宽;通过在双频滤波器内部引入交叉耦合和内部反馈特性,可以有效提高滤波天线的选择性.仿真结果表明:该差分滤波天线可以工作在2.4GHz和5.8GHz频率范围内,两个通带的相对带宽达到17%和20%,并且在2.05GHz,4.75GHz和6.95GHz出现了3个辐射零点,两个通带内最大增益均达到了3.3dBi.     

微波暗室反射率电平自动校准方法及测量不确定度

通过开展1~40 GHz微波暗室性能自动校准技术研究,研制了低反射8维度空间测试支架,降低了测试装置微波干扰;开发了基于Labview 8.6环境的测试系统控制软件,实现信号调整和收发天线的相对运动;本文就微波暗室自动校准系统静区反射率电平测量不确定度进行了分析和评定。     

加载部分均匀覆盖层的Fabry-Perot 谐振腔天线设计

本文采用了部分均匀覆盖层,设计了一款新型的高增益Fabry-Perot谐振腔天线.该天线覆盖层采用部分均匀结构,划分为3×3个区域,不同区域内贴片的尺寸不尽相同.每个区域内包含5×5个矩形贴片,单元尺寸一致.由于各区域的贴片尺寸不同,使得部分反射层不同区域内的反射系数和透射系数也不同,从而改善了天线口径面上的幅度和相位的均匀度.仿真结果表明,天线的阻抗带宽(|S_(11)|-10 dB)为3.77%(5.72～5.94 GHz).在工作频率5.8 GHz处,天线的主交叉极化相差30 dB以上,增益达到19.9 dBi.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.