退火处理对ZnO薄膜结晶性能的影响

研究了退火处理对ZnO薄膜结晶性能的影响.ZnO薄膜由直流反应磁控溅射技术制得,并在O2气氛中不同温度(200～1000℃)下退火,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其结晶性能进行了研究,提出了一个较为完善的ZnO薄膜退火模型.研究表明:热处理可使c轴生长的薄膜取向性增强;随退火温度的升高,薄膜沿c轴的张应力减小,压应力增加;同时晶粒度增大,表面粗糙度也随之增加.在640℃的应力松弛温度(SRT)下,ZnO薄膜具有很好的c轴取向,沿c轴的应力处于松弛状态,晶粒度不大,表面粗糙度较小,此时ZnO薄膜的结晶性能最优.     

退火温度对ZnO薄膜晶体管电学性能的影响

采用光刻剥离法和射频磁控溅射技术在带有热氧化层的硅衬底上制备了以氧化锌(ZnO)为沟道层的薄膜晶体管(ZnO-TFT).研究了不同温度退火处理对ZnO-TFT电学性能的影响,发现随着ZnO薄膜退火温度的增加,ZnO-TFT的阈值电压减小,电子的场效应迁移率增大.用原子力显微镜(AFM)对ZnO薄膜的微区结构进行观察,发现ZnO薄膜的平均粒径随退火温度的增加而增大,表明ZnO-TFT电学性质和沟道层薄膜晶粒大小密切相关.     

PLD法制备ZnO薄膜的退火特性和蓝光机制研究

通过脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法,在O2中和100～500℃衬底温度下,用粉末靶在Si(111)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,在300℃温度下生长的薄膜在400～800℃温度和N2氛围中进行了退火处理,用X射线衍射(XRD)谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致发光(PL)谱表征薄膜的结构和光学特性。XRD谱显示,在生长温度300℃时获得较好的复晶薄膜,在退火温度700℃时获得最好的六方结构的结晶薄膜;AFM显示,在此退火条件下,薄膜表面平整、晶粒均匀;PL谱结果显示,在700℃退火时有最好的光学特性。     

退火对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜材料结构性能和表面形貌的影响研究

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶方法在载玻片衬底上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了退火温度和退火时间对ZnO:Al薄膜结构和形貌的影响.结果显示,ZnO:Al薄膜为六角纤锌矿晶体结构,具有很高的沿C轴的(002)择优取向,随退火温度的升高或退火时间的适当延长,衍射峰的半高宽减小、强度增强,晶粒尺寸增大.结果表明,通过适当控制退火温度和退火时间可以得到高质量的ZnO:Al薄膜.     

温度对飞秒激光沉积ZnO/Si薄膜的结构和性能的影响

通过飞秒脉冲激光(50 fs,800 nm,1 kHz,2 mJ)沉积技术在n型Si(100)单晶基片上制备了ZnO薄膜.详细研究了基片温度变化以及退火处理对ZnO薄膜的结构、表面形貌及光学性质的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,不同温度下(20~350℃)生长的ZnO薄膜具有纤锌矿结构,并且呈c轴择优取向;当基片温度为80℃时,薄膜沿(002)晶面高度择优生长;当基片温度为500℃时薄膜沿(103)晶面择优生长,场发射扫描电子显微镜(FEEM)结果表明薄膜呈纳米晶结构,并观察到了ZnO的六方结构.进一步通过透射光谱的测量讨论了基片温度及退火处理对ZnO薄膜光学透射率的影响,结果表明退火后薄膜的透射率增大.     

退火温度对ZnO薄膜结构和发光性能的影响

采用常压金属有机物化学气相淀积法在(0001)Al2O3衬底上生长出高质量ZnO单晶膜,在空气中进行了710～860℃不同温度的退火处理.用X射线双晶衍射、光致发光法研究了退火温度对ZnO薄膜的结构、发光性能的影响.ZnO(002)面X射线双晶ω扫描曲线的半高宽(FWHM) 随退火温度的升高变小,770℃后基本保持不变,ZnO(102)面双晶ω扫描曲线的FWHM一直变小.770℃退火后ZnO样品X射线ω-2θ扫描曲线中出现ZnO2(200)衍射峰.同时,光致发光测试表明,随着退火温度升高,带边发光强度减弱,与深能级有关的绿带发光出现并逐渐增强.通过ICP刻蚀,去除退火后样品的表面层,ω-2θ扫描曲线中ZnO2(200)衍射峰和PL谱中绿带发光均消失,表明ZnO2相和深能级缺陷在样品表面.     

低温沉积ZnO薄膜的压敏特性及其热处理影响

采用GDARE法在较低温度下,通过一次和多次沉积制备单层及多层ZnO薄膜.AFM和XRD分析表明,薄膜具有以ZnO(002)晶面取向为主的多晶结构,多层膜的晶粒尺寸增大.经200～300℃退火热处理,薄膜呈现出良好的低压压敏特性.经200℃退火热处理后,多层ZnO薄膜的非线性系数达到61.54,压敏电压20.10V.在一定范围内升高热处理温度,可明显降低压敏电压.分析了不同膜层及热处理温度对ZnO薄膜压敏特性的影响机理.     

热氧化制备钠米氧化锌薄膜的光致发光特性研究

报道了热氧化制备钠米ZnO薄膜的光致发光.首先利用低压金属有机化学气相淀积(LP-MOCVD)工艺,在硅(100)衬底上制备了高质量的ZnS薄膜,然后在氧气环境下,在不同的温度下进行热氧化.X射线衍射(XRD)测量表明:在500℃退火的样品ZnS开始向ZnO转变.当退火温度为700℃时,ZnS衍射峰消失,说明ZnS完全地转变成ZnO.制备的ZnO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿型结构,但没有择优取向.在光致发光实验中,随着退火温度升高,紫外发光峰位明显地出现蓝移,而半高宽度(FWHM)逐渐变窄,直到900℃,而1000℃退火的样品出现相反的实验现象.我们认为束缚激子发射在紫外光致发光(PL)中起着重要作用,光致发光的强度与退火温度关系表现为较强的非线性.紫外发光强度与深能级发射之比是20,表明ZnO薄膜的高质量结晶.(OH18)     

低温沉积ZnO薄膜的压敏特性及其热处理影响

采用GDARE法在较低温度下,通过一次和多次沉积制备单层及多层ZnO薄膜.AFM和XRD分析表明,薄膜具有以ZnO(002)晶面取向为主的多晶结构,多层膜的晶粒尺寸增大.经200～300℃退火热处理,薄膜呈现出良好的低压压敏特性.经200℃退火热处理后,多层ZnO薄膜的非线性系数达到61.54,压敏电压20.10V.在一定范围内升高热处理温度,可明显降低压敏电压.分析了不同膜层及热处理温度对ZnO薄膜压敏特性的影响机理.     

退火温度对ZnO/PZT薄膜结构及电阻率的影响

采用射频反应磁控溅射法在Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备了ZnO薄膜,利用X线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、霍尔效应测试系统等对不同退火温度下制备薄膜的结构、形貌及电阻率等进行了分析表征。结果表明,退火温度600℃的ZnO薄膜(002)择优取向较好,晶粒大小均匀,表面平整致密。随着退火温度的增大,电阻率先下降后升高,600℃时ZnO薄膜电阻率达最小。     

Studies of the optoelectronic properties of ZnO thin films

ZnO thin films have been deposited on quartz glass, sapphire, and glass substrates by the sol-gel technique and subjected to different annealing ambients. X-ray diffraction measurements show that all the films are hexagonal wurtzite type. The variations in photoluminescence (PL) and photoconductivity (PC) properties have been correlated to the structural and microstructural changes due to different substrates and annealing ambients. The maximum photoresponse has been observed for the films on quartz substrates. The violet emission in the PL spectra is enhanced for vacuum and nitrogen annealed films. The maximum ultraviolet (UV) photoresponse and photo-to-dark current ratio is observed for ZnO films annealed in air.     

Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-doped ZnO and (Zn,Mg)O thin films via pulsed laser deposition

The transport and optical properties of phosphorus-doped (Zn,Mg)O thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are studied. The carrier type of as-deposited (Zn,Mg)O:P films converts from n-type to p-type with increasing oxygen partial pressure. All the films exhibit good crystallinity with c-axis orientation. This result indicates the importance of oxidation conditions in realizing p-type (Zn,Mg)O:P films. The as-deposited ZnO:P film properties show a strong dependence on the deposition ambient at different growth temperatures. The resistivity of the samples deposited in O₃/O₂ mixture is two orders of magnitude higher than the films grown in oxygen and O₂/Ar/H₂ mixture. The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of the as-deposited films has been shown that growing in the O₂/Ar/H₂ mixture ambient significantly increases the band edge emission while inhibiting the visible emission. The enhanced ultraviolet (UV) emission in the films grown in O₂/Ar/H₂ mixture may result from hydrogen passivation of the deep level emission centers. The annealed ZnO:P films are n-type with nonlinear dependence of resistivity on annealing temperature. The resistivity increases in the films with annealing at 800°C while decreasing with further increasing annealing temperature. Strong visible light emission is observed from the ZnO:P films annealed in oxygen.     

Epitaxial growth of ZnO on GaN/sapphire substrate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown on n-GaN/sapphire substrates by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The films were grown at substrate temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 ℃ for 1 h at a RF power of 80 W in pure Ar gas ambient. The effect of the substrate temperature on the structural and optical properties of these films was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. XRD results indicated that ZnO films exhibited wurtzite symmetry and c-axis orientation when grown epitaxially on n-GaN/sapphire. The best crystalline quality of the ZnO film is obtained at a growth temperature of 600 ℃. AFM results indicate that the growth mode and degree of epitaxy strongly depend on the substrate temperature. In PL measurement, the intensity of ultraviolet emission increased initially with the rise of the substrate temperature, and then decreased with the temperature. The highest UV intensity is obtained for the film grown at 600 ℃ with best crystallization.     

Effects of Annealing Temperature on Properties of ZnO Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

ZnO thin films are deposited on n-Si（111） substrates by pulsed laser deposition（PLD） system. Then the samples are annealed at different temperatures in air ambient and their properties are investigated particularly as a function of annealing temperature. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the as-grown ZnO films are studied by X-ray diffraetion（XRD）. atomic force mieroseope（AFM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and photoluminescence（PL） spectra. The results show that the as- grown ZnO films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred c-axis orientation. Moreover, the diameters of the ZnO crystallites become larger and the crystal quality of the ZnO fihns is improved with the increase of annealing temperature.     

退火气氛对稀土Eu3+掺杂ZnO薄膜结构和发光性质的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在Si(111)衬底上制备稀土Eu3+掺杂ZnO薄膜材料,分别在纯氧和真空气氛中进行退火处理。XRD图谱中仅观察到尖锐的ZnO(002)衍射峰,表明ZnO:Eu3+,Li+薄膜具有良好的c轴取向。薄膜的结构参数显示：在纯氧气氛中退火的样品具有较大的晶粒尺寸且应力较小,表明在纯氧中退火的样品具有较好的结晶质量。通过光致发光谱发现,在纯氧中退火的样品的IUV/IDL比值较大,说明在纯氧中退火的样品缺陷去除更充分,结晶质量更好。当用395nm光激发样品时,仅发现Eu3+位于595nm附近的5D0→7F1磁偶极跃迁峰。并没有发现Eu3+在613 nm附近的特征波长发射,表明掺杂的Eu3+占据了ZnO基质反演对称中心格位。     

基于PLD法制备ZnO:Eu3+,Li+薄膜的发光性质研究

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在Si(111)衬底上生长了Eu3+、Li+共掺杂的ZnO薄膜。分别对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)谱测试和光致发光(PL)谱分析,重点研究了退火处理对样品结构和发射光谱的影响。XRD谱测试表明,样品具有很好的C轴择优取向。PL谱研究表明,当用325nm光激发样品时,样品的发射光谱仅由ZnO基质的紫外发射和蓝光发射组成,并没有发现稀土Eu3+的特征发光峰;样品的蓝光发射源于电子从Zn填隙形成的浅施主能级到Zn空位形成的浅受主能级跃迁;和真空中退火的样品相比,O2中制备的样品的蓝光发射减弱,紫外发光增强。用395nm的光激发时,退火前样品分别在594nm和613nm处存在两个明显的Eu3+特征发光峰,退火后的样品仅发现Eu3+位于594nm的特征发光峰,这表明,退火处理不利于稀土离子的特征发射,但O2中退火的样品ZnO基质红绿波段发射光谱明显增强。     

Defect-related visible luminescence of ZnO nanorods annealed in oxygen ambient

ZnO nanorods prepared by a solution-phase method are annealed at different temperatures in oxygen ambient.The luminescence properties of the samples are investigated.In the same excitation condition,the photoluminescence(PL) spectra of all samples show an ultraviolet(UV) emission and a broad strong visible emission band.The asymmetric visible emis-sion band of annealed samples has a red-shift as the annealing temperature increasing from 200 ℃ to 600 ℃ and it can be deconvoluted into two subband emissions centered at 535 nm(green emission) and 611 nm(orange-red emission) by Gaussian-fitting analysis.Analyses of PL excitation(PLE) spectra and PL spectra at different excitation wavelengths reveal that the green emission and the orange-red emission have a uniform initial state,which can be attributed to the electron transition from Zn interstitial(Zni) to oxygen vacancy(Vo) and oxygen interstitial(Oi),respectively.     

退火过程对c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜的光学性质的影响

利用溶胶凝胶法在石英衬底上采用旋涂法制备出ZnO薄膜,通过X射线衍射仪发现不同的退火温度对ZnO薄膜的择优取向有很大影响;通过紫外可见分光光度计和室温发光谱可以看出,制备的薄膜有很好的光学透过性和很强的紫外发光特性,而不同的退火温度对其光学性质有很大的影响。实验发现采用此种方法在650℃左右退火是一个合适的退火温度,结构特性和光学性质都相对较好;采用热分析方法可知ZnO将在375℃左右从非晶转向结晶状态,因而在常规ZnO薄膜制备方法中增加一步500oC的热处理将有助于提高ZnO薄膜的结晶质量。     

利用P-MBE在Si(111)衬底上生长氧化锌薄膜及其光学性质的研究

在Si(111)衬底上利用等离子体辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)生长氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜,研究了在不同衬底生长温度下(350～750℃)制备的ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性质．随着衬底温度的升高,样品的X射线及光致发光的半高宽度都是先变小后变大,衬底温度为550℃样品的结构及光学性质都比较好,这表明550℃为在Si(111)衬底上生长ZnO薄膜的最佳衬底温度;同时,我们还通过550℃样品的变温光致发光谱(81～300K)研究了ZnO薄膜室温紫外发光峰的来源,证明其来源于自由激子发射．