NiCrAIY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrAlY涂层,测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃～1100℃的氧化动力学曲线.实验结果表明:K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律.900℃和1000℃时,K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后,明显改善了合金的抗氧化性.1100℃时,涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃.900℃氧化时,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-A12O3和Cr2O3组成;1000℃氧化时,氧化初期,NiO、Cr2O3和A12O3 3种氧化物同时生成.随着氧化的进行,不仅氧化膜增厚,而且发生较复杂的反应,氧化膜的相组成发生变化.随着氧化温度升高,涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧,Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化性降低的原因之一.氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来,也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低.     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

IC-6高温合金的氧化性能与防护

测定了IC－6高温合金在900℃－1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。结果表明：900℃，IC－6合金的氧化膜主要由α－Al2O3、NiAl2O4和NiO构成并含有少量的NiMoO4和MOo2.1050℃和1100℃氧化时，IC－6合金表面生成了挥发性很强的MoO3，发生了氧化失重，IC－6合金上沉积NiCoCrAlY涂层后，900℃，涂层的氧化膜主要为α－Al2o3；1050℃时，氧化膜主要为α－Al2O3和Cr2O3，大大改善了合金的抗氧化性；1100℃时，氧化膜主要由α－Al2o3、NiAl2O4和NiO构成，涂层虽然有一定的保护性，但效果不如900℃和1050℃时显著，形成以α－Al2O3和Cr2O3为主的氧化膜是使合金沉积NiCoCrAlY涂层后抗氧化能力大大提高的直接原因。     

共渗制备NiCrAlY涂层及抗高温腐蚀研究

采用热扩散的方法在高温合金K417G基体上制备了NiCrAlY涂层,经测定,涂层以β–NiAl相为主,Cr以固溶态和AlCr(x)相同时存在。1000和1100℃恒温氧化试验表明,NiCrAlY涂层显著提高了合金的抗氧化性,氧化膜致密稳定的Al2O3为主,300h后氧化膜没有明显的剥落。对基体合金和涂层试样进行了900℃,NaCl/Na2SO4(25:75)融盐环境的热腐蚀试验。结果表明,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜完整,涂层内硫化物含量低,有效提高了抗热腐蚀性能。     

低压等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化动力学

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在镍基单晶高温合金上制备NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,研究涂层在900、1000和1100℃下恒温氧化200h的氧化动力学规律。通过表面XRD和SEM分析,初步探讨了氧化动力学规律与氧化产物的关系。结果表明：900℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化曲线符合对数规律,氧化产物主要为θ-Al2O3相;1000℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化曲线符合抛物线规律,氧化产物主要是θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3相的混合物;1100℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化符合立方规律,氧化产物主要是α-Al2O3相。根据实验结果经计算得到NiCoCrAlYTa涂层氧化过程中θ-Al2O3的形成激活能为151．78kJ／mol,α—Al2O3的形成激活能为270．25kJ／mol。     

电泳共沉积NiCoCrAlY粘结层制备及抗高温氧化研究

目的 分析研究Ni基合金与粘结层之间的扩散和界面反应规律,以及其对热障涂层的抗高温氧化性能和工作寿命的影响.方法 采用电泳共沉积、真空致密化处理,在K17镍基高温合金表面制备NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层,并进行1000℃×100 h抗高温氧化实验,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层在高温氧化过程中合金元素的扩散规律.结果 高温氧化动力学曲线表明,氧化100 h制备的NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的氧化速率为17.2134 mg/cm2,远低于K17镍基高温合金的.Ni由涂层向基体内扩散,Cr和Co向外扩散,Al向界面处扩散.电泳沉积制备的NiCoCrAlY粘结层经真空致密化处理后,涂层均匀、致密,粘结层主要由Ni3 Al、Al3 Y5 O12、Cr23 C6以及α-Al2 O3等组成.结论 NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的抗高温氧化性高于K17镍基高温合金,在高温氧化过程中,α-Al2 O3氧化膜提高了NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的高温抗氧化性.Ti主要来自基体的缺陷中,随着高温氧化作用,获得了由基体向外扩散所需要的能量,并且同时与氧反应生成TiO,TiO容易在粘结层表面形成泡状物质,Ti的扩散对粘结层的致密度与均匀度造成一定的影响.     

溅射NiCrAlY渗Al涂层的高温氧化行为

用SEM、XRD和EPMA等手段,研究了溅射NiCrAlY涂层渗Al前后在1000℃和1100℃的高温氧化行为.结果表明,溅射涂层在1000℃形成了单相的α-Al2O3,具有优异的抗氧化性能;但在1100℃由于Al的过度消耗而失去保护作用.渗Al涂层在1000℃快速增长θ-Al2O3相,使其抗氧化性能稍逊于溅射涂层;在1100℃表面形成了以α-Al2O3为主的保护膜,抗氧化性能优于溅射涂层.     

溅射NiCrAlY涂层氧化过程Al2O3膜结构与形貌的转变

对溅射NiCrAlY涂层进行了900℃，1000℃，1100℃空 气中高温氧化。实验表明，氧化初期生成快速长大的亚稳态θ-Al2O3相，随着氧化时间 延长，θ-Al2O3逐渐转变成α-Al2O3，氧化动力学抛物线常数kp也随之下降 。θ→α-Al2O3相变速度与温度有关，温度越高，相变越快。对涂层进行真空热处理可 促进θ→α-Al2O3转变，使涂层表面快速形成保护性能优异的α-Al2O3。     

Pd-Ni-Al涂层的高温短期氧化行为

在M38镍基高温合金上电镀Pd-20 mass%Ni合金，采用低压固体粉末包埋渗铝方法制备钯改性铝化物涂层，XRD分析表明，涂层主要由β-(Ni,Pd)Al相组成.利用TGA、SEM等方法，研究了涂层在800℃、900℃和1100℃的高温氧化行为表明，β-(Ni,Pd)Al涂层恒温氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律；1000℃氧化动力学则不遵循抛物线规律.在800℃和900℃下，β-(Ni,Pd)Al 涂层表面氧化产物包括α-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3和少量的γ-Al2O3；在1000℃下，涂层表面存在α-Al2O3和θ-Al2O3两种氧化物；在1100℃下，涂层表面氧化产物主要是α-Al2O3.此外，在各温度下涂层表面的氧化产物中都含有少量的TiO2，随着温度升高，其含量增加.     

CrO3添加量对Al-Si涂层抗氧化性影响

用无机盐料浆法在镍基高温合金K4104表面制备了Al-Si涂层。通过改变粘结剂中铬酐(CrO3)的加入量得到三种不同成分的Al-Si涂层。用静态氧化增重法对Al-Si涂层进行了1000℃的抗氧化性试验，用SiRion扫描电镜对涂层的表面形貌和截面组织形态进行分析研究。结果表明。三种成分的Al-Si涂层1000℃均具有良好的抗氧化性。Al-Si涂层表面经短时间氧化后生成了连续的亚稳态θ-Al2O3氧化膜，随着氧化时间的延长，亚稳态的θ-Al2O3向稳态的α-Al2O3转变。添加少量CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变所需的时间最短，而且生成的α-Al2O3氧化膜最致密，其涂层的抗氧化性优于添加大量CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层和不添加CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.