单体酸组成分析及在润滑添加剂方面的应用

采用GC/MS方法测定了单体酸的主要组成:用甲酯化后的试样进行GC/MS分析,鉴定出肉豆蔻酸(12.16%)、棕榈酸(8.51%)、十八稀酸(25.53%)、硬脂酸(32.72%)等15种物质。从评价铝材轧制油添加剂的性能指标——相容性、润滑性、抗磨性、退火清洁性和抗氧化性5个方面,考察了将单体酸作为或加工成为铝材轧制油添加剂的可行性。     

单体酸混合物成分的GC-MS分析

研究了生产二聚酸时得到的副产品单体酸的化学组成的GC MS分析方法,样品首先用质量浓度为140g/L KOH M eOH进行甲酯化,然后用GC MS进行分析和鉴定,共鉴定出棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、10甲基月桂酸、12甲基十四烷酸、十八烯酸等13种物质,总脂肪酸的质量分数占76.71%,其中饱和酸占66.36%,不饱和酸占10.35%,其中直链酸占饱和脂肪酸的41.02%,支链酸即异构酸占饱和脂肪酸的58.98%。     

一种新型膦羧酸分散剂的合成及性能评价

以聚丙烯酸为原料,采用连续酯化法,合成了一类新型的膦酸改性的聚羧酸减水剂。并通过红外光谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法对聚合物结构进行了验证。通过对膦酸单体比例进行优化筛选,确定当膦酸单体比例为30%时,样品PCA-3减水和保坍性能最优。与未膦酸化改性样品相比,PCA-3具有延缓水泥水化和抗黏土的性能。我们通过电导率实验和吸附实验,证实与PCA-3具有较强的吸附能力。     

纸张涂料

关方法:uS2003一39 854[美国专利申请公开]/美国:(Drewery, Michael J.等)一2003.2.27一11页一930586(2001.8.15);IPC A6lLZ入)0 该共聚物基料由(a)至少一种链烯基芳族单体30%一70%(质量分数,下同)、(b)至少一种脂族共辆二烯单体30%一70%、(c)至少一种不饱和单矮酸单体1%~5%和(d)至少一种不饱和多梭酸单体0.5%~5%制得。该共聚基料凝胶含量为45%~75%。例如,用在Sulfole 120存在下制备的含丙烯酸一丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物的组合物涂覆纸板。0306201涂装纸板用的可生物降解的聚合物的制备:WO03一33 563{国际专利申请,英]/芬兰:FortumOyj(T…     

宽叶香茶菜石油醚提取物的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法对宽叶香茶菜石油醚提取物的组成成分进行研究。结果表明,从提取物的甲酯化和非甲酯化样品中共鉴定出65种成分。非甲酯化样品中鉴定了48种,包括22个酯类、 18个萜类及其衍生物、 6个烃类和2个甾体化合物,占出峰面积的77.79%。其中,萜类及其衍生物的相对含量总和占流出峰总面积的54.84%,α-香树脂酮(18.08%)、γ-Sitostenone (15.89%)、β-香树脂酮(15.34%)含量丰富。甲酯化样品鉴定出17种成分,油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯的相对含量超过了15%。所鉴定的化合物均首次从宽叶香茶菜地上部分检测到,结果为该植物的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

单体酸组成分析及在生物柴油方面的应用

单体酸甲酯化后用气相色谱．质谱联用仪测定单体酸的主要组成,共鉴定出硬脂酸（32．72％）、十八烯酸（25．53％）、肉豆蔻酸（12．16％）、棕榈酸（8．51％）等15种物质。用单体酸为原料制备生物柴油的方法为：单体酸与甲醇在对甲苯磺酸催化作用下,进行酯化反应来获得脂肪酸甲酯。考察了甲醇与单体酸的摩尔比、催化剂浓度、反应时间以及反应温度对酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳酯化反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比3：1,对甲苯磺酸用量6％,反应时间3h,反应温度60℃。在此条件下,单体酸酯化率达98％,实验所得生物柴油的主要性能指标符合ASTN质量标准,并接近O#柴油性质。     

葫芦巴浸膏挥发性成分分析

采用同时蒸馏法萃取葫芦巴浸膏中的挥发性成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析鉴定,鉴定出46种化学成分,应用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对质量分数。葫芦巴浸膏挥发性香气成分主要包括棕榈酸乙酯(30.34%)、亚油酸乙酯(21.53%)、油酸乙酯(12.96%)、正己酸乙酯(4.96%)、肉豆蔻酸乙酯(2.23%)、辛酸乙酯(1.89%)、十五酸乙酯(1.28%)等。     

聚膦酸减水剂的合成、表征及机理

;以异丙烯膦酸(IPPA)和异戊烯醇聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯醚大单体(IPEPPG)为主要反应原料,在引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)和链转移剂次亚磷酸钠(SHP)作用下,进行自由基聚合反应,合成一种聚膦酸减水剂.对不同n(IPPA):n(IPEPPG)的摩尔比、APS用量、SHP用量和不同IPEPPG的质均分子量等进行正交优化,获...     

草海桐叶的主要挥发性化学成分及抑菌活性

对广西半红树植物草海桐叶的石油醚提取样和乙酸乙酯提取样,采用GC-MS技术及琼脂扩散法的牛津杯法,进行化学成分分析和抑菌活性研究,样品中各化学成分的相对含量用面积归一法确定。在实验条件下,草海桐叶的石油醚部分分离出21个峰,鉴定了16个,占总峰面积的90.46%,其主要成分为棕榈酸(27.59%)、亚麻酸(14.15%)、植醇(11.58%)等;该部分对肺炎克伯氏菌的抑菌圈直径达到13mm。乙酸乙酯部分共分离出36个峰,鉴定了29个,占总峰面积的78.15%,其主要成分为别嘌呤醇(7.41%)、吲哚-3-乙酸肼(6.55%)、4,6-二甲基-7-乙基氨基香豆素(4.59%)、棕榈酸(5.2%)、莨菪亭(4.71%)、亚麻酸(6.3%)、7-羟基香豆素(4.72%)等;该部分对普通变形杆菌的抑菌圈直径达到15mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌均达到14mm。     

SDE-GC-MS技术分析酸藤子枝叶中的挥发性成分

为了研究传统中药酸藤子的挥发性成分,采用同时蒸馏萃取(Simultaneous Distillation Extraction,SDE)法对其挥发性成分进行提取,经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行定性分析,采用面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对含量。酸藤子枝叶中共鉴定48种挥发性成分,其相对含量占总挥发性成分的75.66%,相对含量较高的主要为棕榈酸(21.64%)、油酸(10.14%)、亚油酸(8.20%)和硬脂酸(6.61%)等,按官能团可将其分为10种酸类(49.51%)、8种酯类(13.03%)、7种烷烃(1.41%)、3种酚类(3.18%)及2种醇(1.09%)等。酸藤子枝叶中含有丰富的挥发性成分,该研究可为今后开发利用酸藤子提供参考。     

三甲基硅酯化／GC/MS法分析荞麦籽中的脂肪酸

以无水乙醚为溶剂,采用索氏抽提法提取养麦耔中的粗脂肪,先分别采用三甲基硅酯化法和氢氧化钾/甲醇碱催化甲酯化法对粗脂肪进行衍生化处理,再通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,通过三甲基硅酯化法处理,粗脂肪提取率达4.96％,共鉴定出18种脂肪酸成分,主要为亚油酸(34.69％)、油酸(31.08％)、棕櫊...     

Sterilization and extraction of palm oil from screw pressed palm fruit fiber using supercritical carbon dioxide

The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was successfully used in the complete sterilization as well as simultaneous extraction of oil from screw pressed palm fruit fiber. The studies were conducted at different temperatures (40, 50, 70 °C) and pressures (13.7, 20.7 MPa) for 60 min of extraction period. The bacteria, gram negative (Bacillus), present in the sample was completely killed at 20.7 MPa and 50 °C. Palmitic and oleic acid were found to be the major fatty acids in extracted oil. More saturated fatty acid were extracted at 50 °C and lower operating pressure (13.7 MPa). The unsaturated components, such as linoleic and oleic acids were extracted at higher pressures of 27.6 and 34.5 MPa, respectively. The fatty acids composition of the extracted oil analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) includes caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic and gadoleic acids.     

Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Jatropha Seed Oil from Malaysia,Indonesia and Thailand

The jatropha oil was extracted from the jatropha seeds collected from different origins viz., Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, percentage free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value, saponification value and peroxide value of the extracted jatropha seed oil were evaluated. The evaluation of fatty acid composition using gas chromatography (GC) revealed that, oleic (42.4–48.8%) and linoleic acid (28.8–34.6%) are the dominant fatty acids present in the jatropha seed oil. The saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acid lie in the range 13.25–14.5 and 7–7.7%, respectively. The observed major triacylglycerol (TAG) composition was OOL (22.94–25.75%) and OLL (15.52–20.77%).     

Variation in Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Globe Artichoke Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Seed oil content of globe artichoke and its composition were assessed under three irrigation regimes, including irrigation at 20, 50, and 80 % depletion of soil available water. Water deficit affected the phenological characteristics, amount and the quality of the oil as well as the phenolics and antioxidant activity of the leaves and capitula. The seed oil content ranged from 18.7 % in 80 % to 22.8 % in 20 % treatment. The fatty acid composition of oil was determined using gas chromatography (GC). The predominant fatty acids in the oil were linoleic (51.68 %), oleic (34.22 %), palmitic (9.94 %), and stearic (3.58 %). Water deficit leads to reduced oil content, linoleic acid, the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and the iodine value. On the other hand, some other fatty acids such as palmitic and oleic acid and also the ratio of oleic/linoleic acid were elevated due to water deficit. Higher antioxidant activity was observed in capitula (IC₅₀ = 222.6 μg ml^?1) in comparison to the leaves (IC₅₀ = 285.8 μg ml^?1). Finally, the severe drought stress condition caused to gain higher oil stability, while the highest seed oil content and unsaturated fatty acids in the oil was obtained in non‐stress condition. Moreover, high phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as appreciable dry matter content were obtained in the moderate water stress condition.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Sheep Tail-Fats from Five Iranian Native Breeds

Fifteen fat samples provided from 5 sheep of 5 different Iranian native breeds were examined for their fatty acid composition by means of gaschromatography. Over 30 components could be detected in most samples. Fifteen fatty acids occurred in measurable amounts commonly higher than 0.1% up to 53.5% of the total. The saturated part consisted for the major of myristic (2.4–5.5%), pentadecanoic, (0.6–1.0%), palmitic (18.2–23.6%), heptadecanoic (0.9–2.3%), stearic (7.1–22.1%) and arachidic (0.1–0.3%) acids. Myristoleic (0.3–2.1%), palmitoleic (1.4–3.6%), oleic (39.6–53.5%), linoleic (2.1–3.7%) and linolenic (2.2–2.9%) acids were the main unsaturated fatty acids identified in this investigation. The differences in fatty acid composition of fats from sheep of various breeds were considerably high in stearic and oleic acids in some cases. The variation in fatty acid composition of fat samples obtained from different parts of a tail was insignificant in all 5 sheep examined. No conclusion could be made as to whether the above mentioned considerable differences in fatty acid composition of tail fats from various sheep are due to difference in their breed or due to other factors.     

Impact of Free Fatty Acids and Phospholipids on Reverse Micelles Formation and Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oil

Association colloids such as phospholipid reverse micelles could increase the rate of lipid oxidation in bulk oils. In addition to phospholipids, other surface active minor components in commercial oils such as free fatty acids may impact lipid oxidation rates and the physical properties of reverse micelles. In this study, the effects of free fatty acids on changes in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) in stripped corn oil (SCO) were determined by using the 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane solubilization technique. Different free fatty acids including myristoleic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic and eicosenoic were added at 0.5 % by wt along with the DOPC into the bulk oils. There was no significant effect of free fatty acids with different chain length, configuration and number of double bonds on the CMC value for DOPC in bulk oil. However, increasing concentrations of oleic acid (0.5 to 5 % by wt) caused the CMC value for DOPC in bulk oils to increase from 400 to 1,000 μmol/kg oil. Physical properties of DOPC reverse micelles in the presence of free fatty acids in bulk oils were also investigated by the small angle X-ray scattering technique. Results showed that free fatty acids could impact on the reverse micelle structure of DOPC in bulk oils. Moreover, free fatty acid decreased pH inside reverse micelle as confirmed by the NMR studies. The oxidation studies done by monitoring the lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal formation revealed that free fatty acids exhibited pro-oxidative activity in the presence and absence of DOPC. Different types of free fatty acids had similar pro-oxidative activity in bulk oil.     

Characterization of chemicals mediating ovipositional host-plant finding byAmyelois transitella females

Ovipositional host-finding in the navel orangeworm,Amyelois transitella (Walker), is brought about by an in-flight response to host odors. Wind-tunnel studies of the response of gravid females to almonds showed that this response is mediated primarily by long-chain fatty acids, particularly oleic acid and linoleic acid. Evidence for the behavioral activity of fatty acids is based on the fact that: (1) behavioral activity of almond oil was concentrated in a single liquid chromatographic fraction whose composition was predominantly long-chain fatty acids, (2) behavioral activity was lost when either almond oil or the active fraction of that oil was treated with diazomethane, (3) full activity was elicited by a selective extraction of free fatty acids from crude almond oil, and (4) upwind response by females was elicited by a blend of synthetic oleic and linoleic acids, albeit at a level less than that elicited by almond oil. Five fatty acids identified from the almond oil were: myristic acid (1%), palmitic acid (16%), stearic acid (3%), oleic acid (58%), and linoleic (22%). Attraction to various combinations of synthetic acids was observed only when oleic acid was present, and oleic acid elicited upwind flights to the source when presented alone; however, short-range responses were enhanced by the addition of linoleic acid, which elicited no long-range orientation by itself. Despite significant levels of attraction to synthetic blends, the percentage of females flying to the source was lower than that flying to acidulated almond oil, the best natural attractant tested. Thus, although longrange response may be mediated primarily by a blend of oleic and linoleic acids, additional and as yet unidentified components must also play an important role. Long-range chemically modulated host finding in this and other generalist plant feeders is discussed with respect to current models of the evolution of host finding, and it is argued that suggestions that long-range host finding should be correlated with narrowness of host utilization are logically flawed and are not supported by our current understanding of specific examples of host finding.