Elastic recoil detection analysis on the ANSTO heavy ion microprobe

The heavy ion microprobe at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation is capable of focussing heavy ions with an ME/q² of up to 100 amu MeV. This makes the microprobe ideally suited for heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). However, beam currents on a microprobe are usually very small, which requires a detection system with a large solid angle. We apply microbeam heavy ion ERDA using a large solid angle ΔE−E telescope with a gas ΔE detector to layered structures. We demonstrate the capability to measure oxygen and carbon with a lateral resolution of 20 μm, together with determination of the depth of the contamination in thin deposited layers.     

Correlation between ion beam parameters and physical characteristics of nanostructures fabricated by focused ion beam

We report a study of the physical characteristics of the pillars of C, Pt and W grown by 10-30 keV Ga focused ion beam (FIB) as a function of Ga ion flux, and present a quantitative analysis of the elements using energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). All the FIB grown pillars exhibit a rough morphology with whisker like protrusions on the cylindrical surface and broadening of the base as compared to the nominal size. For a constant fluence, the height of the pillar initially increases and then reduces after going through a maximum as a function of ion flux in all the cases. The compositional analysis shows good metallic quality for Pt structures but reveals significant contamination of Ga in C and Ga and C in W structures at higher ion fluxes. Explanation to all these observations has been sought in the light of secondary ion and electron effects and the different processes involved which lead to the FIB induced deposition.     

强流脉冲离子束辐照对钛合金显微组织的影响

为研究强流辐照过程中钛合金微观组织结构和化学成分的变化,利用束流成分70%H+和30%C+的混合强脉冲离子束对钛合金进行了表面轰击,对离子束诱发的显微组织形貌和化学成分在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)上进行分析。结果表明,钛合金内部组织由α和β两相构成,为α+β型两相钛合金。试样不同区域组织类型存在明显差异,大部分区域组织类型一致,局部区域属于典型的魏氏组织。强流辐照钛合金表层组织和微观结构发生一定的变化,边缘β相结构遭到一定程度的破坏。显微组织结构的变化是由于表层温度梯度引起的热应力及其在靶材体内的传播造成的。     

低能高束流氩离子源的结构及性能

离子源技术是等离子体研究中的一项重要内容,而低能大束流源则是离子源技术研究中的一个重要方向,因为这样的源在离子束刻蚀、离子束溅射镀膜以及荷能粒子与物质相互作用方面都有广泛的应用;本文采用空心阴极空心阳极结构,用热阴极电子发射弧放电驱动并用磁场约束产生等离子体,用曲面发射引出离子束,研制成了氩气放电溅射离子源;研究了灯丝加热电流、弧压对弧流的影响和弧流与工作气体压力对离子束引出的影响规律.离子源的引出电压在0-4.0 kV之间连续可调,最大引出束流为100 mA,束斑面积为φ6.0 cm,以Ti为溅射靶时的最大溅射沉积率为0.45 nm/s,离子源可连续工作160 h.     

The new external ion beam analysis setup at the Demokritos Tandem accelerator and first applications in cultural heritage

At the 5.5 MV Tandem VdG accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece, an external ion-beam set-up has been recently developed and installed. The aim of this development was to integrate the analytical capabilities of the PIXE, RBS and PIGE ion beam techniques in one experimental set-up, so that to attain a complete elemental and near surface structural characterization of samples in an almost non-destructive way and without any limitation concerning their size or conductive state. A careful 3D mechanical drawing optimized the set-up experimental parameters achieving probe dimensions at the millimeter range (1 mm²) and fulfilling the special requirements imposed for optimum performance of the aforementioned techniques, including the possibility to use heavier, than protons, ion beams. For the digital pulse processing of the X-ray, γ-ray and charged particle detector signals, novel hardware and software tools were developed based on a custom FPGA configuration.The first applications were focused in the quality control of materials that have been intentionally contaminated with a particular tracer-element (“tagged” materials). The tagged materials which were developed and tested are technologically authentic replicas of ancient attic ceramics with black glazed decoration. Analytical diagnostic studies were carried out for a few representative paintings of contemporary Greek painters in order to identify and document materials/pigments and techniques and eventually to prevent trade of fakes. Finally, ancient glass beads were also examined with respect to the sodium concentration and its in-depth homogeneity.     

Angle and energy characteristics of neutrons produced by a high-energy ion beam

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 213–215, March, 1989.     

回旋加速器束流输运系统离子光学特性分析

为了提高束流在输运系统中的传输效率,改善靶点的束斑特性,本文用TRANSPORT程序对四川大学回旋加速器束流传输系统的光学特性进行了计算和分析。 TRANSPORT是采用矩阵方法计算带电粒子束在输运系统中光学特性的通用计算机程序,并能利用非线性最小二乘法和耦合系数方法对系统参数实行优化,广泛用于束流传输系     

Focusing characteristics of the relativistic electron beam transmitting in ion channel

Based on the beam–plasma system model established in this paper, the trajectory of the electron beam in the ion channel is studied quantitatively through the envelope equation. Under different initial system parameters, the focusing transmission conditions of the beam in the ion channel are discussed. Then, a series of particle-in-cell simulations are performed, which generally versifies the theoretical results and shows some further details of the focusing behavior of the beam. It is found that the deceleration of some electrons around the focusing point or the beam–plasma interaction at the ion channel boundary will result in the generation of the residual electrons,which forms the electron return current that leads to the new instabilities influencing the focusing characteristics of the beam.     

Experimental and numerical evaluation of IR thermography method for Final Acceptance Tests of the ITER divertor dome

The divertor dome (DO), being part of the ITER divertor, is designed to extract the major part of the plasma thermal energy. As a plasma-facing component (PFC), the DO experiences high heat fluxes (up to 5.0 MW/m²). Such severe operation conditions of the DO imply stringent requirements for the DO design and its cooling system to ensure the required temperature operation regime of the dome. Hence, Final Acceptance Tests (FAT) shall be performed on each DO final assembled component with the aim to demonstrate that none of parallel coolant channels are completely or partially blocked. The paper presents the results of the analytical and experimental testing of the thermography method capability to perform the FAT. The aim is to determine defective hypervapotrons of the divertor dome. The method consists in contactless measurement of the dynamic temperature field of the PFC surface at a step-like increase (from zero to constant value) in the coolant flow rate with a temperature higher than that of the hypervapotron.     

Characterization of mercury gilding art objects by external proton beam

The fire gilding is one of the methods used by the ancient goldsmiths to obtain a rich, metallic glow and durable golden appearance in ornamental objects. This layer is characterized, among others, by its thickness (several microns) a diffusion profile and a Hg content (between 0 and 21 wt.%) depending on the temperatures achieved during the process. Gilded sacral art objects dated from the XVI to the XVIII centuries, belonging to the Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves Collection (Lisbon) were analyzed using the external ion microprobe at Nuclear and Technological Institute, Lisbon. The average concentrations of the homogeneous areas were calculated with GUPIX, DATTPIXE and NDF codes showing very similar results. The RBS and PIXE spectra from the same point were collected simultaneously and analyzed together with NDF-LibCPIXE in order to find self-consistent solutions. Profile concentration on particular Au-reach points was extracted. Different Hg and Au/Ag ratio have been found in the pieces dating from different centuries.     

Wide-range characteristics of beam perveance and saddle point potential of LIPS-200 ion thruster

Both the long-life and multi-mode versions of LIPS-200 ion thruster are under investigation in LIP (Lanzhou Institute of Physics). To confirm the feasible ranges of the beam current and accel (abbreviation for accelaration) grid potential to apply to the thruster, the wide-range beam perveance (the state of beam focus) and saddle point potential (the lowest potential along beamlet centerline) characteristics of LIPS-200 are studied with a test-verified PIC-MCC (Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collisions) model. These characteristics are investigated with both the initial and the eroded states of the accel grid aperture diameter. The results show that the feasible ranges of these parameters with respect to perveance/crossover (overfocused) limit extend as the operating time accumulates, while the feasible range of accel grid potential narrows due to a reduced EBSF (electron backstreaming failure) margin. The feasible ranges determined by the initial condition are: (i) the beam current up to 0.981 A, and (ii) the accel grid potential up to −85 V. A 23% enlargement of the aperture diameter would bring up to 48 V of EBSF margin loss.     

离子注入与离子束混合两用机

早在1979年,为了解决应用于高温高真空环境下的轴承的自润滑问题,我们就着手采用     

Instrumentation and application of the ion beam analysis line of the in situ ion beam system

An ion beam analysis system was established on a 1.7 MV tandem accelerator, enabling Rutherford backscattering(RBS), elastic recoil detection(ERD), nuclear reaction analysis(NRA) and channeling measurements. The system was tested by performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of Si, Ni/Si, Bi Fe O3:La/Si,Mo C/Mo/Si and Ti BN/Si samples. RBS of a Bi Fe O3:La film was used as system calibration. Tested by ion beam channeling, a Si(100) is of good crystallinity(χmin= 3.01%). For thin film samples, the measured thickness agrees well with simulation results by SIMNRA. In particular, composition of a Mo C/Mo/Si and Ti BN film samples were analyzed by RBS and non-Rutherford elastic backscattering.     

Structural characteristics of rutile films prepared by direct deposition and neon ion beam assisted deposition

In this article, titanium dioxide films prepared by neon ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) in an oxygen environment were investigated. The deposition rate was varied from 0.2 to 0.4 nm/s while the current density and ion energy were kept at 20 μA/cm² and 40 keV. The structural characteristics of all films were studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that all the films exhibit a rutile phase. The location of (2 0 0) diffraction peaks deviated from the standard value. Simultaneously, the relative intensity of (2 0 0)/(1 1 0) peaks decreases with increasing evaporation rate. All results are discussed in terms of surface free energy and ion channeling effects.     

12C6+离子束辐照对紫苏生理特性的影响

用重离子束对紫苏干种子进行诱变处理,大田栽培,并分析研究紫苏的生理特性,为其新品种选育提供实验依据.研究辐照后紫苏叶片内可溶性糖、脯氨酸(Pro)、色素(Ca、Cb、Car)、黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性变化,结果发现12C6+离子束辐照后,除色素含量外,可溶性糖、Pro和黄酮类化合物含量都随辐照剂量增大表现为先升后降...     

Electromagnetic dispersion characteristics of a high energy electron beam guided with an ion channel

Taking self-fields into consideration,dispersion properties of two types of electromagnetic modes for a high energy electron beam guided with an ion channel are investigated by using the linear perturbation theory.The dependences of the dispersion frequencies of electromagnetic waves on the electron beam radius,betatron frequency and boundary current are revealed.It is found that the electron beam radius and betatron frequency have different influences on the electromagnetic waves dispersion behavior by compared with the previous works.As the boundary current is taken into account,the TM modes will have two branches and a lowfrequency branch emerged as the new branch in strong ion channel case.This new branch has similar dispersion behavior to the betatron modes.For TE modes,there are two branches and they have different dispersion behaviors in strong ion channel case.However,in weak ion channel case,the dispersion behaviors for both of the low frequency and high frequency branches are similar.     

Electron beam ion traps and their applications

A brief introduction to the historical background and current status of electron beam ion traps (EBITs) is presented. The structure and principles of an EBIT for producing highly charged ions are described. Finally, EBITs as a potential tool in hot-plasma diagnostics and in studying frontier problems of highly charged ion physics are discussed.     

离子束混合及离子注入陶瓷材料表面改性研究概述

对离子注入陶瓷材料引起的辐照损伤和材料力学性能、摩擦学性能的改善及陶瓷基体上金属薄膜的离子束混合增强粘着研究的进展进行了综述。     

微波离子源聚焦离子束光学系统的研究

设计了一种微波离子源的聚焦离子束光学系统,分析计算了光学系统的束径。并数值模拟了由空间电荷作用造成的束径增宽效应,找出了影响束斑大小的主要因素和减小束径的方法。测试结果表明,在束能在２５ｋｅＶ时,束流为１４８ｎＡ,束径约为２０μｍ左右。     

微波离子枪离子束光学的数值模拟

用数值模拟方法研究了聚焦离子束系统中微波离子枪的束光学性能，将离子枪看作由源等离子体极和Ｏｒｌｏｆｆ－Ｓｗａｎｓｏｎ透镜组成的双级加速系统，分析了各参对束发射特性的影响。结果展示出引出束光学主要取决于引出导流系数和电势分布，在一定条件下可获得发散度小的离子束。