硫酸-甲醇体系钨电解抛光的可行性研究

以硫酸-甲醇酸性体系作为电解液,对钨箔进行电解抛光研究.抛光后钨的表面均方根粗糙度和反射率的测试结果表明,该体系完全适用于金属钨的电化学抛光,对钨的阳极溶解行为进行了分析,讨论了溶液组成、槽电压、温度和搅拌速率对电抛光后钨表面粗糙度的影响.初步确定了金属钨电解抛光的工艺参数为:硫酸与甲醇的体积比1:7,槽电压15～22V,温度15～25℃,搅拌速率10m/s.     

硫酸–甲醇体系钨电解抛光的可行性研究

以硫酸–甲醇酸性体系作为电解液,对钨箔进行电解抛光研究。抛光后钨的表面均方根粗糙度和反射率的测试结果表明,该体系完全适用于金属钨的电化学抛光。对钨的阳极溶解行为进行了分析,讨论了溶液组成、槽电压、温度和搅拌速率对电抛光后钨表面粗糙度的影响。初步确定了金属钨电解抛光的工艺参数为:硫酸与甲醇的体积比1∶7,槽电压15～22 V,温度15～25°C,搅拌速率10 m/s。     

BFe30-1-1铜合金的化学抛光工艺研究

研究以含硝酸的化学抛光液对BFe30-1-1铜合金进行化学抛光的方法,考察光亮剂的种类、缓蚀剂的种类、化学抛光液各组分的含量、抛光温度以及抛光时间对铜合金抛光效果的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内优化工艺条件为:350～450 mL/L H2SO4,3～5 mL/L HCl,30～40 mL/L HNO3,2～4 mL/L辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10),3 g/L苯骈三氮唑(BTA),水余量,抛光温度30℃左右,抛光时间3～5 min。在此工艺条件下对BFe30-1-1铜合金进行化学抛光,可以获得较好的抛光效果。     

铜在硝酸介质苯并三唑抛光液中化学-机械抛光时的电化学行为

用电化学测试技术研究了硝酸、苯并三唑及H2O2浓度对铜表面的成膜及铜抛光过程的影响.测试了各种体系中铜的交流阻抗及其影响因素，探讨了腐蚀电流密度与抛光压力、抛光转速的关系，考察了化学-机械抛光过程中腐蚀电位及极化曲线的变化规律. 用腐蚀电流密度及腐蚀电位等电化学变量的变化解释了抛光过程的电化学机理，证明在硝酸溶液介质中，以苯并三唑为成膜剂、H2O2为助剂、纳米g -Al2O3为磨粒的抛光液配方是可行的.     

不锈钢电抛光工艺的研究

采用电化学方法对不锈钢电抛光工艺进行了研究.抛光溶液采用无铬酸盐的磷酸-硫酸体系,添加高分子聚乙二醇.抛光溶液组成为H3PO4(85%) 500 g,硫酸(98%) 130 g,聚乙二醇(18.5%水溶液)130 g,甘油30 g.工艺条件为:75～95 ℃,阳极电流密度8～15 A·dm-2.研究结果表明,聚乙二醇能有效地形成粘膜,明显提高不锈钢电抛光的效果.该工艺减少了环境污染,降低了溶液成本,可以使不锈钢表面达到镜面光亮的效果.本文还分析了抛光后钝化膜对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.     

金属医疗器械化学抛光研究进展

综述了化学抛光机理及化学抛光在金属医疗器械表面改性中的应用。目前对化学抛光的研究主要集中在抛光工艺的优化及抛光液体系的建立。与机械抛光、电化学抛光等其他抛光方法联合应用是克服现有工艺缺陷的主要途径。     

不锈钢杯内壁的电化学抛光

介绍了双极性电化学抛光的基本原理,采用该方法对不锈钢杯内壁进行了抛光工艺研究,确定了抛光工艺.结果表明:用双极性电化学抛光法对不锈钢杯内壁进行抛光,可以得到理想的抛光效果,而且解决了采用传统的电化学抛光法抛光不锈钢杯内壁存在的阴极安装困难而且易短路等问题.     

硫酸-磷酸-铬酸电化学抛光对钼片表面状态的影响

以硫酸-磷酸-铬酸体系为电解液,对钼片进行电化学抛光。通过测定阴极极化曲线,研究了抛光过程中电压和电流之间的关系。表征了抛光前后钼片的微观形貌、粗糙度和尺寸等。在2.0 A/cm~2下对钼片电化学抛光30 s,可得到均匀平整、无明显坑点的表面,粗糙度由抛光前的0.20μm降至0.05μm。通过严格控制抛光时间可有效保证样品的几何尺寸精度。     

铝合金无铬电化学抛光研究

采用紫外光谱和电化学测试方法,研究铝合金无铬电化学抛光添加剂、配方、工艺,其抛光效果优于铬酸电化学抛光,是一项有应用前景的新工艺。     

银电化学抛光工艺研究

采用电化学抛光方法对银进行了表面处理,考察了抛光液各组分以及主要工艺参数对抛光效果的影响.结果表明,经本工艺抛光后的银表面光亮、清洁,达到镜面效果.抛光液组成简单,维护方便,操作安全,是一种理想的银电化学抛光工艺.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.