光照处理对花生萌发过程中营养成分和活性成分的影响

以山东青花7号花生为原料,进行不同波长光照萌发实验。采用凯氏定氮法、液相色谱法等方法,对萌发花生营养和活性成分进行检测。结果表明,波长为380～450 nm、450～475 nm、495～570 nm、570～590 nm、620～750 nm、380～760 nm的紫光、蓝光、绿光、黄光、红光、日光及避光萌发48 h,花生中脂肪含量减少。蓝光、日光光照萌发48 h蛋白含量显著增加,其他波长光照蛋白含量无显著性差异。蓝光、绿光、黄光、红光、日光及避光萌发48 h还原糖含量为1.4%～2.33%,是原料的1.56～2.6倍。生育酚含量降低,红光光照萌发过程中多酚含量先下降后上升,萌发48 h含量达2.11 mg/g,为原料的1.17倍。白藜芦醇总量总体呈现上升趋势,紫光、红光光照萌发48 h,白藜芦醇总量分别为13.38 mg/kg、12.01 mg/kg,约为原料的3倍,γ-氨基丁酸含量均提高4倍以上。综合分析,不同波长光照处理可提高花生的营养和活性成分,该研究为优化花生萌发方法及研发萌发花生食品提供参考。     

Effects of refrigerated storage and processing technologies on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of ‘Marion’ and ‘Evergreen’ blackberries

The effects of refrigerated storage at 2 °C and 95% RH and processing treatments on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of ‘Marion’ and ‘Evergreen’ blackberries were investigated. During refrigerated storage, total phenolics (TPC), total monomeric anthocyanins (ACY), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) fluctuated in ‘Marion’, but TPC and ACY continuously declined in ‘Evergreen’. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased by 20% and increased by 19% in ‘Evergreen’, respectively after 7-d refrigerated storage, while no changes (P > 0.05) in ‘Marion’ were observed. Compared with frozen samples, freeze-dried ‘Evergreen’ had higher TPC (21%), ACY (5.5%), and RSA (14%), while hot-air dried “Marion” had lower ACY (56%), ORAC (37%), and FRAP (27%) and hot-air dried ‘Evergreen’ had lower TPC (37%), ACY (84%), and RSA (13%). ORAC and FRAP in canned ‘Marion’ was 21-61% lower than that of frozen samples. Jam also had lower TPC and ACY (67-84%), RSA (˜80%), and ORAC and FRAP (65-77%) values than frozen ones in both varieties (P < 0.05). The 6-mo post-process room storage had little effect on the bioactive compounds of frozen and freeze dried samples, but reduced ACY in hot-air dried, canned, and jam samples, and antioxidant capacities of all samples (P < 0.05).     

UV-B辐射对植物营养及生物活性物质的影响研究进展

UV-B辐射作为一种重要的代谢调控手段,其辐射作用与植物体内多种组成成分的合成、积累及代谢密切相关,因此研究UV-B对植物体内主要营养物质及生物活性物质的影响具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来有关UV-B辐射（Ultraviolet-B radiation）对植物体内的基础营养物质（碳水化合物、脂类、蛋白质）和主要生物活性物质（氨基酸、多酚类、萜类、生物碱）影响的研究进展,并对领域内现有问题进行分析,对后续研究重点进行展望。以期指导后续有关UV-B的调控作用研究,为农业生产及农作物品质提升研究提供理论依据。      

豌豆尖主要营养成分、生物活性物质及抗氧化能力分析

对豌豆尖叶片、卷须和茎不同食用部位主要营养成分、生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力进行了分析。结果表明:不同食用部位间的营养成分和生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力存在显著差异。可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、VC、原花青素、类黄酮、总酚6种生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力均呈现叶片卷须茎的趋势,而总糖和还原糖则在卷须中含量最高。相关性分析表明,6种生物活性物质与抗氧化能力间均呈极显著正相关关系,且FRAP对应的相关系数均高于ABTS。通过与5种常见叶菜类蔬菜进行比较发现,豌豆尖,特别是其叶片,含有更为丰富的生物活性物质和具有更强的抗氧化能力。     

热处理对乳中重要生物活性成分影响的研究进展

介绍了乳体系中存在的生物活性成分及其生理功能,阐述了牛乳中乳铁蛋白、乳过氧化物酶体系、免疫球蛋白、生长因子、溶菌酶等5种重要生物活性成分随热处理强度发生的变化,分析了不同生物活性成分的热稳定性及分子结构的变化,为乳制品功能性领域的研究与开发提供理论参考。     

珍珠番石榴果实中的营养成分与活性物质分析

以湛江河唇珍珠番石榴果实为原料,分析测试了其营养成分及活性成分。结果表明,珍珠番石榴鲜果样品中各主要营养成分的含量分别为水分(88.98±0.04)g/100g,脂肪(0.11±0.01)g/100g,粗纤维(2.27±0.01)g/100g,总糖(5.78±0.02)g/100g,果糖(22.00±0.20)mg/g,葡萄糖(22.05±0.25)mg/g,蔗糖(12.45±0.15)mg/g,柠檬酸(1.68±0.02)mg/g;蛋白质(0.78±0.01)g/100g,含有16种氨基酸和7种人体必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量为1 910.32 mg/kg,占总氨基酸的42.02%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值为0.72;灰分含量为(0.50±0.05)g/100g,其中钾、钙、铁等矿质元素含量较高。活性物质成分的含量分别为多糖(5.68±0.02)g/100g,多酚(180.84±0.15)mg/100g,黄酮(193.58±0.01)mg/100 g,维生素C(94.02±0.02)mg/100g。可见,珍珠番石榴含有种类较多的营养活性成分,开发和应用前景广阔。     

Definition of the Mediterranean diet based on bioactive compounds

Antioxidant (polyphenols and carotenoids) and nonantioxidant (phytosterols) bioactive compounds and dietary fiber may have a significant role in health. The intake of these compounds is strongly linked with the high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and unrefined cereals. A whole-diet approach to these food constituents is intended to render the current definition of Mediterranean diet based on food consumption more comprehensive. The Mediterranean dietary pattern can be characterized by the following four essential dietary indicators: 1) Monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (range: 1.6 to 2.0); 2) Intake of dietary fiber (41 to 62 g/person/day); 3) Antioxidant capacity of the whole diet (3500 to 5300 trolox equivalent/person/day); 4) Phytosterols intake (370 to 555 mg/person/day). The contribution of foods and beverages to these parameters is described. Spanish National Food Consumption Data for the years 2000 and 1964 were used to quantify the lowest and highest range values. The occurrence of these indicators in the Mediterranean diet has specific characteristics and there is sufficient scientific evidence to support the beneficial health effects.     

Effects of pulsed thermosonication treatment on fungal growth and bioactive compounds of Berberis vulgaris juice

In this study, the single and combined effects of pulsed‐ultrasound amplitude (100 W, 30 kHz with 25 and 50% amplitude levels for up to 30 min) and temperature (65 °C and 75 °C) on fungal growth, total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Berberis vulgaris juice were investigated. The combination of pulsed ultrasound at 50% amplitude for 30 min at temperature of 75 °C as the most effective treatment was resulted in a reduction of about?3.083 ± 0.02, ?3.04 ± 0.03, ?3.10 ± 0.01 and ?2.88 ± 0.02 log (N/N₀) on S. cerevisiae, A. flavus, A. versicolor and B. fulva, respectively. Additionally, the highest total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were noted for the barberry juice after 30 min of sonication with 50% pulsed‐ultrasound amplitude at either 65 °C or 75 °C. Pulsed thermosonication is a promising technology to extend the shelf life of B. vulgaris fruit juice because of the improvement of antioxidant activity as well as microbial quality.     

葡萄梗(茎)中的生物活性物质研究现状

葡萄梗(茎)是葡萄加工业副产物之一,富含高附加值的生物活性成分,可用于食品、医药和化妆品等工业领域,但较少被人们关注和开发。本文介绍了葡萄梗(茎)中生物活性物质的分布和分离纯化的研究现状,旨在为葡萄生产废弃物葡萄梗(茎)的综合利用提供一定的参考和借鉴。      

Effect of thermosonication on bioactive compounds in watermelon juice

Freshly squeezed watermelon juice was subjected to thermosonication treatments with processing variables of temperature (25-45 °C), amplitude level (24.1-60 ??m) and processing time (2-10 min) at a constant frequency of 20 kHz and pulse durations of 5 s on and 5 s off. Hunter color values (L*, a* and b*), lycopene (LC), phenolic content (TP) and ascorbic acid (AA) content were measured. Higher retention of AA and LC was observed at low treatment conditions. AA, LC & TP decreased significantly at higher amplitude levels and at the maximum processing time. A second order response function covering the range of experimental conditions investigated was obtained for each of the compounds measured. Model predictions for color parameters and bioactive compounds were closely correlated to the experimental results obtained. Prediction models were found to be significant (p < 0.05) with low standard errors and high coefficients of determination (R²). It was concluded that thermosonication significantly influences key watermelon juice quality parameters     

Influence of rootstock and cultivar on bioactive compounds in citrus peels

BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits have a beneficial effect on human health because of their nutritional and antioxidant properties, and their consumption is associated with a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and reduced risk of certain cancers. Seven cultivars of mandarin and orange species from the Mediterranean area, grafted onto different rootstocks (Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange), have been analysed. The influence of the rootstock on the content of bioactive compounds is discussed. RESULTS: In all citrus cultivars and rootstocks studied, hesperidin and narirutin flavonoids were the main flavanone glycosides identified, β‐cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin the most abundant carotenoids, limonene was the most abundant essential oil, calcium and potassium were the dominant macronutrients and, among the micronutrients, iron and boron represented the highest proportions. CONCLUSION: We have been found clear differences in the content of bioactive compounds for the different groups, in agreement with the Citrus classification. Although both mandarin and orange varieties showed similar tendencies concerning the majority of bioactive constituents, the proportion of the individual nutrients ranged among different cultivars and our results indicated differences between rootstocks although it would be necessary to carry out more analyses, and with the new rootstocks obtained from different breeding programmes, to elucidate conclusive values. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of the levels of bioactive benzoxazinoids in different wheat and rye fractions and the transformation of these compounds in homemade foods

Benzoxazinoids are important phytochemicals found in wheat and rye that are associated with plant resistance against pathogens, and recent studies have emphasized the potential health-promoting role of these compounds i.e. anti-cancer, anti-allergy and anti-inflammation. Accordingly, an understanding of their distribution in seeds and the effect of different processing techniques on their transformation will be helpful in identifying the mechanisms of their production and distribution and will support the on-going efforts to utilize these compounds in health-promoting food products.     

芽苗活性成分研究进展

对芽苗生长过程中含量逐渐增多的生物活性成分(如维生素、多酚、γ-氨基丁酸等)和抗氧化性等功能特性进行了综述,为改善人们的饮食结构和将其开发为可预防慢性疾病的功能性食品提供参考。     

鸡腿菇功能性成分及其功效研究进展

鸡腿菇营养丰富,味道鲜美,含有多种功能活性成分,是一种具有广阔开发前景的食用菌。概述了鸡腿菇多糖、活性蛋白、鸡腿菇素、酚类物质、甾醇等主要功能性成分及其相关生物学功能的最新研究进展,并对其今后的开发前景进行展望。     

食品营养强化剂化合物使用频次的调查

目的了解市售预包装食品中各营养强化剂化合物的使用情况,为修订我国食品营养强化剂使用标准及完善其配套质量规格标准提供依据。方法使用横断面调查方法,按照GB 14880-2012《食品安全国家标准食品营养强化剂使用标准》食品分类体系,于2016年4月至2016年10月期间随机采集我国市售各类预包装食品样品3 760份(不包括13.0特殊膳食用食品以及12.01盐及代盐制品等),分析其中各强化剂的化合物来源,统计各强化剂化合物的使用频次。结果从3 760份调查样品中分离出强化食品样品489份,所有强化剂化合物的累计使用频次2 689次,在GB 14880-2012附录B及其后续增补公告的133种强化剂化合物中,52.6%(70/133)的化合物使用频次高于1次,但也存在47.4%(63/133)的化合物使用频次为0的情况,进一步分析表明,其中,47.6%(30/63)的化合物没有相应的质量规格标准,52.4%(33/63)的化合物尽管有配套质量规格标准,但可能由于强化成本较高、产品不易保存以及生物利用率较低等因素影响,也很少使用。结论通过调查,初步掌握了我国市售预包装食品中各营养强化剂化合物的使用情况和质量规格标准现状,为GB 14880-2012的修订提供资料支持,对于没有质量规格标准的物质,建议在标准制定时尽快完善,同时也建议在GB 14880-2012修订时进一步评估现有的化合物名单。