丝光淡碱废水对管式超滤膜污染的研究

通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对纯化丝光淡碱废水的超滤膜表面污染情况进行形貌分析,膜面污染物主要以膜表面沉积的形式存在.通过EDS能谱仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪对膜表面污染物进行检测,膜面污染物成分主要为含有各种官能团的有机成分.用0.2％的磷酸和硝酸混合液与0.1％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)配制清...     

运用超滤技术处理涂布废水

用于化学品再生的超滤,是一项用于纸张涂布领域的新技术。本文论述了这项先进的技术,分析超滤处理后的浓缩液和滤液的成分,以及浓缩液应用于涂料对成纸质量的影响,并介绍了这项技术在我公司的实际应用情况。     

超滤设备的膜污染机理的研究

对超滤设备的膜污染进行了研究，提出了在阶段机理，并推导其数学模型，得到菠萝蛋白酶酶超滤提取的验证，和有关理论和相符合。     

造纸废水回用对水足迹的影响

以造纸废水循环利用为研究对象,系统地分析了金东纸业造纸废水处理的两大系统,即外排废水处理系统和纸机封闭循环废水处理系统;同时以3#造纸机砂滤水为切入点,分析造纸废水内循环使用的系统。这两种系统的应用有效地降低了清水用量,从而减少造纸水足迹。     

Ultrafiltration in Food Processing Industry: Review on Application,Membrane Fouling,and Fouling Control

Ultrafiltration process has been applied widely in food processing industry for the last 20 years due to its advantages over conventional separation processes such as gentle product treatment, high selectivity, and lower energy consumption. Ultrafiltration becomes an essential part in food technology as a tool for separation and concentration. However, membrane fouling compromises the benefits of ultrafiltration as fouling significantly reduces the performance and hence increases the cost of ultrafiltration. Recent advances in this area show the various intensive studies carried out to improve ultrafiltration, focusing on membrane fouling control and cleaning of fouled membranes. Thus, this paper reviews recent developments in ultrafiltration process, focusing on fouling mechanisms of ultrafiltration membranes as well as the latest techniques used to counter membrane fouling.     

Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis of the Waste Water from Sweet Potato Starch Process

The primary waste water discharged from pilot plant scale sweet potato starch manufacturing was processed by ultrafiltration (UF). The UF permeate was then concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). Growth of microorganisms in waste water would reduce the flux of UF. When the feed velocity of UF was higher than 2.5 m/sec, its positive effect on permeation rate was no longer existent. Relationships between transmembrane pressure and permeate flux were linear at all tested concentrations. UF filtered protein and calcium reduced two-thirds of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and half the chemical oxygen demand (COD) at weight concentration ratio (WCR) of 5. With RO the rest of the components were recovered and BOD and COD were reduced more than 99% and 98%, respectively, at a WCR of 6.     

Fouling and Flux Restoration of Ultrafiltration of Passion Fruit Juice

Fouling phenomena of passion fruit juice in tubular ultrafiltration (UF) system were studied. The membrane deposit was found to be composed of pectin, sugars, citric acid, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Rinsing behaviour of the fouled membrane indicated that the deposit might be in the form of gel. Scanning electron microscopic examinations showed slime-like deposit on the fouled membrane. Intermittent on-off operation was able to restore the flux effectively. Rebounding of the gel layer at sudden release of pressure may explain the effect of on-off operation on flux restoration.     

Identification of Fouling Mechanism During Ultrafiltration of Stevia Extract

Stevioside is one of the naturally occurring sweetener, which can be widely applied in food, drinks, medicine, and daily chemicals. Membrane separation has potential application in clarification of stevioside from pretreated stevia extract by ultrafiltration. In the present study, namely 5-, 10-, 30-, and 100-kDa molecular weight cutoff membranes have been used. Quantification of membrane fouling during ultrafiltration is essential for improving the efficiency of such filtration systems. A systematic analysis was carried out to identify the prevailing mechanism of membrane fouling using a batch unstirred filtration cell. It was observed that the flux decline phenomenon was governed by cake filtration in almost all the membranes. For 100 kDa membrane, both internal pore blocking and cake filtration are equally important. Resistance in series analysis shows that the cake resistance is several orders of magnitude higher than the membrane resistance. The cake resistance is almost independent of transmembrane pressure drop, which indicates the incompressible nature of the cake. A response surface analysis was carried out to quantify the development of cake resistance with time during ultrafiltration of various membranes. Quality parameters show that the 30-kDa membrane is better suited for clarification purposes. Identification of the fouling mechanism would aid in the process of design and scaling up of such clarification setup in future.     

我厂废纸制浆废水封闭循环使用的生产实践

我厂以废纸为原料生产高强瓦楞纸，本文介绍了我厂废水封闭循环使用的生产实践。     

管式膜超滤生黄酒的研究

本文利用外压管式超滤装置,对生黄酒进行除浊除菌试验,探讨了压力和温度对生黄酒的透液通量的影响,考查了相关质量指标的变化规律。采用切割分子量为5万的有机膜,在0.30MPa、40℃条件下超滤,黄酒平均透液通量可达到75kg/m2•h左右。杂菌总数去除98%以上,不溶性固形物全部去除,粗蛋白仅保留21.55%。超滤过程对酒精度影响极小,对各种氨基酸的保留率有一定差别,总体保留率86.76%。对于多次使用的旧膜,可采用较长时间浸泡清洗。     

欧洲某厂废弃物与废水处理的经验

20世纪70年代，欧洲制浆造纸业的废水污染使得生态环境受到严重威胁，迫使造纸业重视废水处理，开发新的技术，尽量减少清水用量。通过采用各种废水处理设施，使生产过程的水循环回用，达到每生产1t产品(纸和纸板)其清水用量从1975年的100m^3降低到2000年的40m^3。清水用量只及过去的40％，而其中大约40％是用于纸机的冲洗水。同时通过回用处理后的废水降低了废水排放量，北欧20世纪60年代实际上已成死水的河流近年又重新变清，水生生物又开始在其中生存。     

废纸造纸厂实现废水封闭循环零排放的措施

大连创大纸业以废纸为原料生产瓦楞原纸和包装纸,通过强化管理,改进工艺设计,采用合理的工艺和设备.实现了造纸废水封闭循环和零排放.通过添加树脂吸附剂,提高了助留助滤效果,缓解厂DCS积累,减轻了胶黏物问题,虽然成纸的物理强度有所降低,但仍能够达到用户的要求.     

用废纸生产纸板的污水处理工艺

本文就废纸生产纸板污水处理工艺设备的选择进行探讨。一、工艺流程的选择我们根据同类型的厂家生产经验和污水处理的理论,在设计中选用如下两套工艺流程。方案一:废纸先进行碎解,经脱墨、洗涤、筛选、除砂、分选等工序处理。废水中的污染物主要有悬浮固形物、胶体、流失的纤维,还有从废纸带来的各种油墨、颜料、涂料以及夹杂各种生活废物和泥砂等杂质。我们在设计中将污水首先经过格栅机除掉大的塑料片、树叶、树枝等杂质。在设备选型中不采用废水纤维回收机（微滤机）而使用斜网式过滤法回收纤维,并采用斜板沉淀法处理废水,降低电耗和设备…     

我厂治理造纸废水的工艺实践

本文简单介绍了广州威达高公司A厂治理造纸废水的工艺实践的基本情况，运行效果。可供同类型纸厂治理废水参考。     

Regeneration of Spanish Style Green Table Olive Brines by Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration was applied to regenerate brines from green table olive fermentations. Experiments were conducted to select optimum membrane pore size and working conditions, as well as effects on characteristics of brines and olives packed with these regenerated brines. According to the results, good decoloration of such solutions was achieved with polysulfonate membranes of 1,000 daltons pore size. Best working conditions were : 18 bars, room temperature, room temperature (25°C), and without any previous filtration. Very low reduction of NaCl and slight decrease of lactic acid were noted. No effect on the quality of packed olives with the treated brines was detected.     

絮凝剂在造纸废水中的应用与研究简介

对絮凝法在造纸废水的处理及资源化应用做了简要介绍。分析了高分子絮凝剂的研究及在造纸行业的应现状,并指出了造纸行业用絮凝剂的研究方向。     

应用悬浮填料和活性污泥处理再生纸厂废水试验研究

介绍一种新型污水生化填料，并通过对该填料的应用试验研究，探讨悬浮填料 活性污泥的组合型生化处理系统在再生纸厂废水处理中的应用条件和处理效果，寻求解决再生纸厂废水突出的CODcr浓度超标问题的途径和方法。     

Ultrafiltration for recovery of rice protein: Fouling analysis and technical assessment

This research focused on the rice protein recovery from rice starch production wastewater by ultrafiltration. The effect of operating pressure was performed at different feed pressure from 2 to 10 bar. The suitable condition was chosen based on permeate flux; retention of protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, total dissolved solids (TDS); and purity of protein. The operating pressure of 6 and 8 bar was selected to conduct the study of batch operation mode with recycling of retentate. The permeate flux was highest at 6 bar, while the recovery yield and purity of protein reached a peak at 8 bar.Hermia's models were applied to analyze the fouling mechanisms in ultrafiltration (UF) of rice protein. Cake layer formation and intermediate blocking were found to occur during the UF depending on the operating pressure. The model developed in fouling analysis was used to estimate the change in component content in rice protein refinery. As result, the excellent agreement between the experimental and the model-simulated values for the solute concentrations in feed at various times of the UF operation was observed. Results indicate that UF is a potential technique for recovering rice protein.     

可用于造纸废水处理的抗性菌株选育及处理效果研究

用逐步提高底物浓度的方法 ,定向选育出抗造纸废水毒性并能有效降低废水CODCr含量的几株高效白腐菌株 ,对其中Z - 1、Z -2和Z - 3等 3株菌株处理造纸中段废水的效果进行了研究。结果表明 ,3种菌株均可以有效地降低废水的CODCr含量 ,但其各自的处理效果有所不同。菌株Z - 1可以有效地降低废水的CODCr及使废水脱色 ,同时还可以降低废水的pH值 ,处理 4天后 ,色度降低 82 61 % ,处理 6天 ,CODCr含量降低 63 44% ,废水pH值从中性下降到pH值 2左右的水平 ;而菌株Z - 2和Z - 3在降低废水CODCr含量的同时 (其中用Z - 2处理 2天 ,CODCr含量下降 69 1 5% ) ,废水的色度有所增加 ,但pH值在处理过程中基本保持稳定。就处理效果而言 ,其顺序为Z -1 >Z - 2 >Z - 3。此外 ,用驯化后的菌株Z - 1直接处理蒸煮浓黑液也表现出了良好的效果 ,显示出菌株Z - 1具有良好的工业应用前景。     

硫酸盐浆厂污水处理工程及单元技术特点

本文简略介绍云南某硫酸盐浆厂污水处理工程采用的国内不多见的污水单元技术，并对其先进性和实用性效果进行评价和探讨。