孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性性能的影响

弹性常数是工程材料结构设计的重要参数.为了研究孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料弹性性能的影响,考虑了纤维增强相、基体相和界面相的孔隙缺陷,建立了孔隙缺陷随机分布的纤维丝尺度和纤维束尺度的双尺度单胞模型,采用均匀化方法预报了含孔隙缺陷的三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性常数,预报结果与实验结果吻合良好.在此基础上研究了孔隙率...     

Effect of Weaving Direction of Conductive Yarns on Electromagnetic Performance of 3D Integrated Microstrip Antenna

A three-dimensionally integrated microstrip antenna (3DIMA) is a microstrip antenna woven into the three-dimensional woven composite for load bearing while functioning as an antenna. In this study, the effect of weaving direction of conductive yarns on electromagnetic performance of 3DIMAs are investigated by designing, simulating and experimental testing of two microstrip antennas with different weaving directions of conductive yarns: one has the conductive yarns along the antenna feeding direction (3DIMA-Exp1) and the other has the conductive yarns perpendicular the antenna feeding direction (3DIMA-Exp2). The measured voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3DIMA-Exp1 was 1.4 at the resonant frequencies of 1.39 GHz; while that of 3DIMA-Exp2 was 1.2 at the resonant frequencies of 1.35 GHz. In addition, the measured radiation pattern of the 3DIMA-Exp1 has smaller back lobe and higher gain value than those of the 3DIMA-Exp2. This result indicates that the waving direction of conductive yarns may have a significant impact on electromagnetic performance of textile structural antennas.     

Multi-Scale Finite Element Analyses of Thermal Conductivities of Three Dimensional Woven Composites

This paper summarizes an extensive experimental and prediction study of thermal conductivities of three-dimensional woven composites (3DWCs). Three kinds of innovative 3D woven architectures are examined, including 2.5D angle-interlock, 2.5D angle-interlock (with warp reinforcement), and 3D orthogonal woven architectures. The differences of thermal behaviors of 3DWCs in plane and out of plane are assessed by using multi-scale finite element analysis. For the validation of models, the thickness direction thermal conductivity of 3DWCs are measured. It is indicated that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The effects of weave density and fabric architecture on the distribution of heat flux and temperature have been discussed in this work, which determined the thermal conductivities of 3DWCs. From this study, it can be expected that the need of thermal performance of 3DWCs can obtained according to optimize the weave parameters based on the high designability of 3DWCs.     

三维整体夹芯机织复合材料的抗冲击与能量吸收性能

采用落锤冲击测试方法对几种类型3D整体夹芯机织复合材料板材的抗冲击性能进行测试,将测试结果与2D机织层合板、典型3D机织复合材料的抗冲击性能进行比较,分析影响复合材料抗冲击性能的因素.最后采用SEM分析试样的破坏过程与损伤机理.结果表明:当承受相同的冲击力时,具有合适夹芯结构的材料质量要比典型的三维机织复合材料板材轻的多,即可以满足工程上对结构体本身轻质、高强度性能及能量吸收能量的要求;接结方式的不同将影响复合材料板材的抗冲击性能,贯穿接结复合材料的抗冲击性能优于分层接结的复合材料;复合材料的抗冲击性能将随着增强纤维拉伸强度的增大而增大;在落锤冲击条件下,预制件经、纬纱的织造密度对三维整体夹芯机织复合材料板材的抗冲击性能影响很大.     

三维正交机织复合材料的拉伸力学性能及介电性能研究

三维纺织复合材料的发展越来越广泛,其轻质,抗分层等优点是层合板式复合材料无法比拟的.本工作对自行设计并制作的五种玻璃纤维芳纶纤维混合增强的环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸力学性能和介电性能进行了研究.结果表明纯芳纶结构的三维复合材料有着最高的比强度和比模量;而在玻璃纤维含量较多的结构材料里介电性能呈现集中且稳定的趋势.在不同的应用中,可以将不同纤维混合作为增强体以发挥各种纤维的优势和特点,满足不同的设计和实际需要.     

三维正交机织复合材料厚向压缩性能试验研究

采用方柱形试样对UHMWPE/乙烯基酯三维正交机织复合材料进行了压缩试验。研究了该类材料的厚向压缩强度和压缩模量与z向增强纤维细度的关系,并讨论了材料的压缩破坏失效模式。结果表明:z向增强纤维细度的增加导致材料厚向压缩性能的下降。降低z向增强纤维束的细度,有利于提高材料厚向抗压性能。三维正交机织复合材料的压缩破坏具有塑性特征。三维正交机织复合材料主要的破坏模式是z向纤维在试样表面的应力集中、纤维束的剥离和剪切破坏。     

Effects of Woven Fabric Geometry on the Bonding Performance of Cementitious Composites: Mechanical Performance

The effect of the geometry of woven fabrics on the bond between monofilament polyethylene yarns and cement matrix was studied in the present work. The fabrics were all plain weave, with varied fills density: 5, 7, or 10 fills per cm; the warps’ density was kept constant at 22 warps per cm. The interfacial bond was evaluated by pullout tests. To characterize the influence of the fabric’s geometry on bond performance, the influence of different parameters of the fabric’s geometry that may affect bond were separated: (1) pullout of a single crimped yarn untied from the fabric to characterize the influence of the shape of the individual crimped yarn; (2) pullout of a single yarn from free fabric (not embedded in the cement matrix); and (3) pullout of a yarn from a fabric embedded in the cement matrix. Straight yarns were also tested for comparison. It was found that the woven fabric provided a considerably better bond to the cementitious matrix than the bond of a single straight yarn. The crimped geometry of the yarn in the fabric was found to have a significant influence on increasing the bond between the woven fabric and the cementitious matrix.     

Effect of Hybridization on Stiffness Properties of Woven Textile Composites

The present study focuses on stiffness properties of woven textile reinforced polymeric composites with respect to hybridization, and geometry of reinforcement. The analyzed composites represent combinations of different fibre materials (E-glass, Kevlar 49, carbon HM) in a predetermined fabric geometry (a plane weave embedded in thermosetting polymeric resin) serving controlled properties and required performance. The effects of hybridization on the stiffness properties of woven textile composites have been studied with respect to the fibres materials, the unbalancing degree of fabrics, and the variation of compactness and undulation of yarns. Some undesirable effects in fabric geometry can be overcome by the combined effects of hybridization and compactness.     

Experimental Investigation on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of 3D Woven Textile Composites

Applied Composite Materials - The objectives of this experimental study are to develop impact-resistant three-dimensional (3D) woven textile-reinforced composites as well as to clarify the...     

Tensile Properties and Failure Mechanism of 3D Woven Hollow Integrated Sandwich Composites

Tensile properties and failure mechanism of 3D woven hollow integrated sandwich composites are investigated experimentally, theoretically and numerically in this paper. Firstly, the tensile properties are obtained by quasi-static tensile tests on the specimens in two principal directions of the sandwich panels, called warp and weft. The experimental results shows that the tensile performances of the warp are better than that of the weft. By observing the broken specimens, it is found that the touch parts between yarns are the main failure regions under tension. Then, a theoretical method is developed to predict the tensile properties. By comparing with the experimental data, the accuracy of the theoretical method is verified. Simultaneously, a finite element model is established to predict the tensile behavior of the composites. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. Moreover, the simulated progressive damages show that the contact regions in the warp and weft tension are both the initial failure areas.     

CVD SiC涂层对3D C/SiC氧化行为的影响

采用两种不同沉积速度的等温减压化学气相沉积在3DC／SiC上制备了多层CVD SiC涂层．利用扫描电镜对涂层表面和断面进行显微分析，考察了涂层在1300℃下进行恒温氧化的防护效果．慢速减压化学气相沉积能够对多层CVD SiC涂层的涂层间隙缺陷实现有效控制，所制备的多层涂层可以消除涂层间隙，连贯的结合为一整体，能显著提高涂层防护效果，材料在1300℃空气中氧化30h后的失重率可控制在1％以下。     

正交叠层机织布整体穿刺工艺的纤维弯曲伸长机理

分析了正交叠层机织布整体穿刺工艺机织布与钢针的相互作用，提出并建立了纤维的弯曲伸长及伸长断裂模式，讨论了影响纤维弯曲伸长的结构参数。通过理论分析和试验结果说明，绕针弯曲伸长断裂是Z向钢针直径和Z向距比值X的函数，为减少整体穿刺的纤维伸长断裂应选取较小的X比值。     

UHMWPE/乙烯基酯2.5D角联锁机织复合材料动态压缩性能实验研究

采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)动态测试系统和岛津材料试验机,对材料厚度方向的压缩性能进行实验研究,得到了三种高应变率(360,710s-1和1120s-1)和准静态下的压缩应力-应变关系,压缩强度和冲击吸能,通过冲击破坏形貌探讨材料的动态压缩破坏模式和吸能机理.结果表明:UHMWPE/乙烯基酯2.5D角联锁机织复合...     

复杂空间弯管三维自由弯曲成形有限元模拟及试验

目的以一复杂空间弯管为例,开展三维自由弯曲成形实验研究。方法首先提出三维自由弯曲成形工艺解析方法,然后通过有限元模拟与实际试验相结合的方法进行研究。结果有限元模拟所得到的弯管与CAD模型相比,弯曲半径偏差值不超过2%,吻合度较高。实际成形出的弯管与CAD模型对比显示,第1个弯曲段的实际弯曲半径为118 mm,设计值为120 mm,实际值与设计值偏差1.67%;第2个弯曲段的实际弯曲半径为133 mm,设计值为130 mm,实际值与设计值偏差2.30%,2个弯曲半径的偏差值均不超过3%。结论验证了三维自由弯曲成形工艺解析方法的可靠性,有限元模拟较好地指导了实际成形试验。     

2.5D机织复合材料冲击后剩余强度研究

本文主要对2.5D机织复合材料冲击后的剩余拉伸强度进行研究。采用落锤法预制冲击损伤,并进行剩余拉伸试验。用了基于层合板理论的软化夹杂法对冲击后试样进行刚度衰减的模拟,用有限元软件根据点应力破坏准则计算得到剩余强度,并与剩余拉伸试验结果进行比较,验证了模型的有效性。为便于对比,对平面机织斜纹布铺设的层合板进行了同种计算和实验,得到了在相同冲击能量下2.5D机织复合材料剩余拉伸强度衰减比例小于层合材料的结论,证明2.5D机织复合材料由于Z方向经纱的存在因而具有良好的抗冲击性。     

Effect of Yarn Distortion on the Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Bar Composites Reinforced by Three-Dimensional Weaving

A meso-structure model of fiber-bar composites reinforced by three-dimensional weaving (FBCR3DW) is proposed. Optical microscopy images of the preform structure revealed that the fibers along the circumference of the yarn cross-weave were twisted randomly due to alternating yarn winding on either side of the fiber bars during the manufacturing process. Sections of the cross-woven yarn were divided into five regions based on the twist characteristics. Stochastic function theory was used to describe the twist characteristics and to calculate the compliance tensor for each twisted yarn region. The twist characteristics and compliance tensor of each region were then introduced into a finite element model to calculate the elastic properties of the twisted yarn and FBCR3DW; unidirectional tensile stress–strain curves were generated based on the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. Several FBCR3DW specimens with randomly twisted yarns inside the weave structure were used in experimental tests. Our numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental values. Yarn distortion had a significant effect on the elastic properties and axial tensile strength of the yarn; specifically, the influence of yarn distortion on the transverse elastic modulus and transverse shear modulus of FBCR3DW was severe, whereas only a slight effect occurred with regard to the other elastic constants and unidirectional tensile properties. Thus, the proposed method provides an effective reference for modeling fiber composites with a weave structure.     

Shear Behavior of 3D Woven Hollow Integrated Sandwich Composites: Experimental,Theoretical and Numerical Study

An experimental, theoretical and numerical investigation on the shear behavior of 3D woven hollow integrated sandwich composites was presented in this paper. The microstructure of the composites was studied, then the shear modulus and load-deflection curves were obtained by double lap shear tests on the specimens in two principal directions of the sandwich panels, called warp and weft. The experimental results showed that the shear modulus of the warp was higher than that of the weft and the failure occurred in the roots of piles. A finite element model was established to predict the shear behavior of the composites. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental data. Simultaneously, a theoretical method was developed to predict the shear modulus. By comparing with the experimental data, the accuracy of the theoretical method was verified. The influence of structural parameters on shear modulus was also discussed. The higher yarn number, yarn density and dip angle of the piles could all improve the shear modulus of 3D woven hollow integrated sandwich composites at different levels, while the increasing height would decrease the shear modulus.     

嵌入式增强多层整体机织中空复合材料及其抗压性能的研究

提出一种对叠经多层间隔结构整体机织复合材料的改进方法,该结构复合材料采用增强体嵌入的方式对材料强度进行改进,增加了中空复合材料强度的可设计性。对嵌入用的增强体材料、非嵌入的多层整体机织中空复合材料和嵌入后的多层整体机织中空复合材料分别进行了抗压力学性能测试。在平压和侧压力学测试实验中,嵌入式机织复合材料的力学性能均好于非嵌入机织复合材料,而在平压测试实验中,得到了嵌入式机织复合材料预制体与树脂的共同增强系数为1.40,证明该嵌入式机织复合材料结构设计的合理性。此外得出3种材料侧压的力学性能也均好于平压。     

On Special Curves According to Darboux Frame in the Three Dimensional Lorentz Space

In the light of great importance of curves and their frames in many different branches of science, especially differential geometry as well as geometric properties and the uses in various fields, we are interested here to study a special kind of curves called Smarandache curves in Lorentz 3-space. Then, we present some characterizations for these curves and calculate their Darboux invariants. Moreover, we classify TP, TU, PU and TPU-Smarandache curves of a spacelike curve according to the causal character of the vector, curve and surface used in the study. Besides, we give some of differential geometric properties and important relations between that curves. Finally, to demonstrate our theoretical results a computational example is given with graph.     

空间有源消声控制器的优化设计

本文根据声源辐射理论和线性声场迭加原理,提出了一种三维空间有源消声的数值优化方法。通过最小化适当曲面上由初级声源和次级声源产生的合成声压的平方和,可以求得自由声场中给定区域或全空间声功率最小意义下次级声源的优化幅值和优化相位。这种方法可适用于单极子源和多极子源的情况。如考虑实际次级声源的特性,特别是其相位延迟特性,用本方法所求得的优化频响特性往往比有源消声中常用的“幅频平直、相位相反”的频响特性能更好地用实际模拟电路逼近,因此优化结果具有实用意义。实验表明,由本方法设计出的系统具有较好的消声效果。