基于软件产品线的需求分析研究

软件产品线方法是一种面向特定领域的、大规模、大粒度的软件复用技术.在软件产品线的开发过程中,产品线需求分析是软件产品线开发的关键活动之一,软件产品线需求分析奠定了产品线构架的基础.通过分析软件产品线开发过程和软件产品线需求分析的特点,阐述了软件产品线需求分析方法以及软件产品线需求分析的实践风险.以领域分析和建模为切入点,对软件产品线的领域分析、需求建模和用例建模等关键方法和技术进行了重点的研究.     

基于生产线方式的软件开发

计算机在不同行业的广泛使用,需要大量的软件作为支撑。越来越多的软件企业发现按照传统的方式即一次开发一个软件的方式已经不能够满足需求,它们需要提高软件开发的效率,而基于生产线方式的软件开发可以较好地解决这个问题。本文介绍了基于生产线方式开发软件的基本概念及其优点,软件生产线与软件成熟度模型集成的关系,以及实施软件生产线过程中可能用到的度量标准,最后指出实施软件生产线过程中可能引入的风险。     

Trusted Product Lines

ContextThe paper addresses the use of a Software Product Line approach in the context of developing software for a high-integrity, regulated domain such as civil aerospace. The success of a Software Product Line approach must be judged on whether useful products can be developed more effectively (lower cost, reduced schedule) than with traditional single-system approaches. When developing products for regulated domains, the usefulness of the product is critically dependent on the ability of the development process to provide approval evidence for scrutiny by the regulating authority.ObjectiveThe objective of the work described is to propose a framework for arguing that a product instantiated using a Software Product Line approach can be approved and used within a regulated domain, such that the development cost of that product would be less than if it had been developed in isolation.MethodThe paper identifies and surveys the issues relating the adoption of Software Product Lines as currently understood (including related technologies such as feature modelling, component-based development and model transformation) when applied to high-integrity software development. We develop an argument framework using Goal Structuring Notation to structure the claims made and the evidence required to support the approval of an instantiated product in such domains. Any unsubstantiated claims or missing/sub-standard evidence is identified, and we propose potential approaches or pose research questions to help address this.ResultsThe paper provides an argument framework supporting the use of a Software Product Line approach within a high-integrity regulated domain. It shows how lifecycle evidence can be collected, managed and used to credibly support a regulatory approval process, and provides a detailed example showing how claims regarding model transformation may be supported. Any attempt to use a Software Product Line approach in a regulated domain will need to provide evidence to support their approach in accordance with the argument outlined in the paper.ConclusionProduct Line practices may complicate the generation of convincing evidence for approval of instantiated products, but it is possible to define a credible Trusted Product Line approach.     

Software Quality Management from a Cross-Cultural Viewpoint

This paper describes our attempts to look at how different cultures influence Software Quality Management (Siakas 1996; Mohamed Walaa-Eldeen and Siakas 1996). Quality of the software product cannot be determined until late in the development cycle. It is widely accepted that reliance has to be placed on process quality as a means of achieving product quality. In recent years software organisations have been making efforts concentrating on improving the process in order to improve software quality. Hofstede (Hofstede 1994) had defined four dimensions of work-related value differences for classifying cultural influences in different countries. These are: power distance, collectivism/individualism, femininity/masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. In this paper software development organisations are being assessed for their awareness and acceptance of Software Quality. These results will be correlated with the work-related values identified by Hofstede. The intention is to identify cultural factors, which may have a bearing on successful adoption and implementation of Software Quality Management. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An architecture process maturity model of software product line engineering

Software architecture has been a key research area in the software engineering community due to its significant role in creating high-quality software. The trend of developing product lines rather than single products has made the software product line a viable option in the industry. Software product line architecture (SPLA) is regarded as one of the crucial components in the product lines, since all of the resulting products share this common architecture. The increased popularity of software product lines demands a process maturity evaluation methodology. Consequently, this paper presents an architecture process maturity model for software product line engineering to evaluate the current maturity of the product line architecture development process in an organization. Assessment questionnaires and a rating methodology comprise the framework of this model. The objective of the questionnaires is to collect information about the SPLA development process. Thus, in general this work contributes towards the establishment of a comprehensive and unified strategy for the process maturity evaluation of software product line engineering. Furthermore, we conducted two case studies and reported the assessment results, which show the maturity of the architecture development process in two organizations.     

基于构件的可复用软件框架的研究与设计

软件危机的出现推动了软件技术的飞速发展,软件所要解决的问题的复杂度也越来越高,原来生产方式下的软件设计已经不能满足社会的需求,软件复用技术是软件开发的必然产物。基于构件的软件框架的开发,使得软件复用技术成为可能。本文以信息管理系统框架的构建为例,介绍了基于构件的可复用软件框架设计方法,并介绍了该框架的应用。     

Efficiency of CAMEtools in software quality assurance

Our paper describes the requirements and possibilities of integration of metrics tools in the field of software quality assurance. Tools for the support of the measurement process are herein classified as Computer Assisted Software Measurement and Evaulation Tools (CAMETools). Software measurement regarded as a special type of metrics application provides a great amount of basic information for the evaluation of the software development process or the software product itself. Our paper examines the effectiveness and destination of software measurement in tool-based software development and is based on an analysis of more than 20 CAME tools in the Software Measurement Laboratory at the University of Magdeburg. CAMEtools are useable for the process, product, and resources evaluation in all phases of the software life cycle (including the problem definition) for different development paradigms. The efficiency of CAME tools is described on the basis of a general measurement framework. This framework includes all steps in the software measurement and evaulation process: metrics definition, selection of the evaluation criteria, tool-based modelling and measurement, value presentation and statistical analysis. The framework includes the main aspects of the process evaluation techniques (Capability Maturity Model, ISO 9000-3 etc.) and product evaluation (ISO 9126, etc.). It is not a disjointed set of aspects: our measurement framework represents an incremental technique for the application of quantification of quality aspects in a required quality assurance     

基于统计过程控制的软件测试技术研究

软件测试是软件开发过程中的重要组成部分，测试工作对软件质量有直接影响。利用统计过程控制的基本原理。以实例分析使用Shewhart控制图对测试过程进行控制的方法。     

MCC: Planning the Revolution in Software

MCC's Software Technology Program aims to make a dramatic improvement in the productivity of the software development process and the quality of the product.     

Test Optimization Using Software Virtualization

The availability of testing infrastructure is a major factor in product development project costs. Software virtualization is a powerful mechanism for simulating a test setup on a few desktops that would otherwise require "real" equipment. It has shown a savings of about 30 percent of overall product development costs by executing 80 percent of unit testing and 25 percent of grey- and black-box testing in the desktop environment. Both open source and commercial products are available to support it.     

办公自动化软件产品线的研究与设计

软件产品线是一组具有可管理的公共特性的产品集合。选取网络办公自动化（OA）系统作为特定的研究领域,在分析此领域中产品的共性后,给出了OA系统软件产品线的实现方法。具体描述了OA系统产品线的需求工程,OA系统产品线核心资产的提取,并以科技项目管理系统为例说明了如何将核心资产应用到具体的产品开发中。     

浅谈光盘加密技术的分类及发展

软件加密是保护软件产品的一种重要手段，光盘作为当前软件传播的主要裁体，研究其加密技术对加强软件产品的保护有极其重要的意义。本文对当前较为流行的光盘加密技术进行了分类，最后给出了光盘加密技术的发展趋势。     

基于Proteus的硬件在回路仿真

软、硬件的并行开发方法可以加快设计进程,但在系统整合时常常出现诸如软、硬件不兼容等很多问题,而硬件在回路仿真能有效解决这些问题,它的最大特点是将软件仿真与实际硬件紧密联系起来,采用该技术可以在开发周期初完成嵌入式系统的仿真.介绍了一种基于Proteus的硬件在线回路仿真技术,为嵌入式产品的开发提出了新的思路.并通过"电子警察"这一具体开发实例来说明基于Proteus的硬件在回路仿真技术在嵌入式产品开发中的意义.实践证明,基于Proteus的硬件在回路仿真可以大大缩短产品的开发周期和降低开发成本.     

Development and application of user review quality model for embedded system

Software industry is poised for robust and sustained growth. Many software products / applications are being developed. It is found that the software so developed must be free from defects / bugs. One major area that requires concentration is requirements analysis. The requirements from various stakeholders must be received and analyzed for their relevance in the final product. Some prioritization analysis is also required to consider some requirements over the others. Kano and AHP are known to help the developers in analyzing relative strengths of various requirements. However, after defining the requirements clearly, the developed product must be free of defects. SWFMEA is a technique to ensure the defect-free development of the software. Software User Review Defect Corrective Model (SURDCM), which has Kano and AHP models for requirements analysis cum prioritization and SWFMEA to detect possible defects and their respective effects, is used for development of a software product. It is expected that with the use of this model, the user involvement is increased to clearly specify the requirements and the possible defects and the effects are analyzed. This model encourages the user participation throughout the development of the product.     

Software performance tuning of software product family architectures: Two case studies in the real-time embedded systems domain

Software performance is an important non-functional quality attribute and software performance evaluation is an essential activity in the software development process. Especially in embedded real-time systems, software design and evaluation are driven by the needs to optimize the limited resources, to respect time deadlines and, at the same time, to produce the best experience for end-users. Software product family architectures add additional requirements to the evaluation process. In this case, the evaluation includes the analysis of the optimizations and tradeoffs for the whole products in the family. Performance evaluation of software product family architectures requires knowledge and a clear understanding of different domains: software architecture assessments, software performance and software product family architecture. We have used a scenario-driven approach to evaluate performance and dynamic memory management efficiency in one Nokia software product family architecture. In this paper we present two case studies. Furthermore, we discuss the implications and tradeoffs of software performance against evolvability and maintenability in software product family architectures.     

Safety of computer control systems: challenges and results in software development

This paper reviews some results in improving software safety in computer control systems. The discussion covers various aspects of the software development process, as opposed to the product features. Software diversity, off-the-shelf software, failure mode and effect analysis, rigorous and formal software development are discussed.     

A summary of software measurement experiences in the Software Engineering Laboratory

The practice of measuring software is increasingly seen as a valuable tool in the overall development of high-quality software projects. Software measurement attempts to use known, quantifiable, objective, and subjective measures to compare and profile software projects and products. To compute these measures effectively, data that characterize the software project and product are needed. This paper covers aspects of data collection and software measurement as they have been applied by one particular organization, the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL). The measurement results include the experiences and lessons learned through numerous experiments conducted by the SEL on nearly 60 flight dynamics software projects. These experiments have attempted to determine the effect of various software development technologies on overall software project quality and on specific measures such as productivity, reliability, and maintainability.     

基于构件角色模型的组装检测方法探讨

软件生产线是当前软件工程界一个研究的热门课题。在整个软件生产线过程中,构件组装是其中一个重要的环节,而在软件生产线上组装构件必然离不开组装检测,以确定该构件组装机制是否与该软件生产线相适配。在讨论构件组装机制和构件角色模型的基础上,提出了一种利用构件角色模型来进行组装检测的方法,并从理论上分析了这种方法的有效性。     

ASTERIX Introduction of a Process Improvement Using Tools to Support System Testing

Anite Systems Space and Defence Division is a mature organization, certified to ISO 9001 standards and possesses considerable experience in the application of the European Space Agency (ESA) Software Engineering Standards to major software systems development. We have been selected by the European Commission to perform a Process Improvement Experiment (PIE) under its European Systems and Software Initiative (ESSI). The project is entitled ASTERIX - Automated Software Testing for Enhanced Reliability In Execution. The project's objective is to determine how greater attention to system-level testing can improve software product quality whilst reducing overall costs as measured across the full software development lifecycle (including extended warranty periods). The project is scheduled to run from early 1997 to late 1998.This paper is the project's Interim Dissemination deliverable providing details on project progress to date. It highlights the benefits the project's results will bring to the Software Quality, Process Improvement, and Space Software communities.