高精度位移传感器测量

利用高精度的F-P激光干涉仪,研制了一套用于高精度位移传感器的校准装置,可以校准示值误差为十几个纳米到几十个纳米的高精度位移传感器.测量原理是利用F-P激光干涉仪的灵敏度高、测量精度高等特点,将干涉仪和被测传感器同时测量放置在精密位移工作台上,通过比较激光干涉仪移动镜的位移量和被测传感器的位移量间的差异,得出被测传感器的线性,整个测量过程完全由计算机控制.该系统测量范围为0～25mm,测量不确定度为6 nm+l/2 nm(k=1).     

激光干涉仪在纳米测量中的典型应用

激光干涉仪具有测量分辨力高、测量结果可溯源等优点,在纳米测量中的应用日益广泛。介绍纳米测量机和低膨胀材料线膨胀系数测量装置中应用的迈克尔逊型激光干涉仪以及在高准确度位移测量装置中应用的法布里-珀罗型激光干涉仪,并结合这些实例对激光干涉仪光学系统设计、测量环境控制、迈克尔逊干涉仪非线性误差补偿以及法布里-珀罗干涉仪量程扩展等方面的关键问题进行分析和总结。所述原则和方法对实现纳米级测量准确度具有重要意义,可为高准确度激光干涉仪的研制及其在纳米测量中的更广泛应用提供技术参考。     

用于微位移测量的迈克尔逊激光干涉仪综述

迈克尔逊干涉术测量微位移可实现纳米甚至更高的分辨力,并且具备能直接溯源至激光波长等诸多优点,是目前微位移测量的重要技术手段.以限制迈克尔逊干涉仪品质提高的非线性误差为主要切入点,对目前各种基于迈克尔逊干涉原理的激光干涉技术进行了分类介绍,主要讨论了微位移测量中实现高精度和高分辨率的干涉测量技术,最后展望了激光干涉法测量...     

大范围二维纳米位移台的控制及非线性校准的实验研究

搭建了基于激光干涉仪测量原理的三轴微位移测量系统,对大范围二维纳米位移台的控制及非线性校准进行实验研究。介绍了双频激光干涉仪测量系统的构成;编写了纳米位移台的控制程序和激光干涉仪数据采集程序;阐述了位移台的非线性校准方法,并通过实验对比了多项式三阶拟合和三阶分段拟合的差别,验证了校准方法的准确性。实验表明:使用三阶分段拟合的校准方法效果更好,校准前,x轴的最大非线性误差为4.052μm,y轴的最大非线性误差为2.927μm;校准后,x轴的最大非线性误差为15nm,y轴的最大非线性误差为17nm,仅为原始非线性误差的1%。     

用雷尼肖（RENISHAW）激光干涉仪实现线纹尺的动态测量

本文扼要叙述了利用激光干涉仪动态测量高精度线纹尺的方法与同时用比长仪测量线纹尺的结果进行了比较,结果十分接近,从而使当前大量的激光干涉仪拓宽了用途。     

基于ACPT技术的纳米振动测量激光干涉仪

为实现高精度、高稳定的微小振动测量,设计了一种改进型迈克尔逊干涉仪,对其所采用的光学结构和解调算法进行了分析.信号解调方案基于载波调制和交流相位跟踪（ACPT）技术,相对应的光路采用双压电陶瓷（PZT）和准平面猫眼动镜以构成参考臂和测量臂,设计以改善信噪比、抑制低频干扰、增强系统稳定性、提高测量分辨力为目标.建立了纳米振动发生装置,搭建了振动信号测量系统,研究了激光干涉仪对振动信号的输出特性.实验结果表明,测量动态范围达到120 dB,信噪比高于40 dB,系统分辨力达到0.25 nm.该干涉仪可有效抑制诸如温度、湿度、压强、低频振动等带来的相位噪声的干扰,满足高精度、稳定、可靠的要求.     

高精度激光平面干涉测量系统误差的研究分析方法

叙述了Fizeau激光平面干涉系统的测量原理.依据ISO发布的测量不确定度表示指南,对Fizeau型高精度移相激光平面干涉测量系统的误差进行了系统分析,给出了高精度激光平面干涉仪的各项误差及总误差,其合成标准不确定度为2.63nm.该研究分析方法可适用于同类仪器的测量不确定度评价.     

双光束激光热膨胀测量设备的研制

介绍一种双光束激光干涉法高精度测量金属热膨胀性设备。利用高真空加热炉对被测样品进行加热、SIOS-SP120D激光干涉仪测量被测样品加热过程中的膨胀量,rbhS104调理板、A＼D转换器放大采集高真空炉内温度信号。编写软件,在计算机上实时显示被测样品热膨胀量随温度的变化规律,实现实时精确测量。膨胀量测量精度达到1．24nm。制作纯铜样品对设备进行检验,检验结果与国家标准值相吻合。     

高精度衍射光栅干涉仪的研制

提出了一种新型的激光衍射光栅干涉仪测量系统,以光栅衍射原理和偏振光学为理论基础,配合正交信号的解相位细分原理,使得该系统可以达到纳米级分辨率.由于光栅干涉测量系统以光栅栅距作为测量基准,相对于传统干涉仪,光栅尺系统受环境因素造成的测量误差影响较小.通过实验校正,得到不同行程范围内光栅干涉测量系统的纳米级重复性误差,新型的激光衍射光栅干涉仪测量系统适合于较长行程的高精度位移测量.     

用"牛眼"型麦克尔逊干涉仪测量入射激光

设计了一种新型的麦克尔逊干涉仪,因其干涉图状如牛眼,故称为“牛眼”型麦克尔逊干涉仪。它以两个球面反射镜代替了原有的平面反射镜,使得干涉加强,干涉图更清晰,同时省去了成像透镜,使系统体积紧凑,便于调节。应用这种仪器探测入射激光,对采集的干涉图进行条纹提取和细化后,可推算出入射激光的波长和入射角。实验对632.8nm和532nm的入射激光进行了测量,波长测量的相对误差分别为5.72%和3.91%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.