共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
在200 mL高压萃取釜内,对含夹带剂的超临界CO2萃取回收SBA-15中有机模板剂P123(EO20PO70EO20)的最佳工艺条件进行了研究,考察了夹带剂种类、萃取温度、萃取压力、夹带剂流量对回收率的影响,确定最佳萃取工艺条件为:甲醇作夹带剂,温度45℃,压力27 MPa,夹带剂流量4 mL/min,萃取时间1.5 h,在此条件下P123回收率可达73.7%. 对不同方法脱除P123后的SBA-15进行了表征,结果表明,含甲醇夹带剂的超临界CO2萃取法是一种高效环保的方法,且得到的SBA-15保留了很好的骨架有序性,不会造成骨架硅羟基脱除,克服了高温焙烧脱除模板剂造成的孔道收缩问题. 相似文献
3.
4.
采用超临界CO2萃取花生油脂中主要成分,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和夹带剂用量等对萃取率的影响。结果表明,在CO2流量为10~12 L/h的前提下,最佳工艺条件是:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2.0 h,夹带剂用量20 mL。在此条件下,花生油脂的萃取率可达50.39%。影响提取率的主次因素为萃取压力萃取时间萃取温度夹带剂用量。 相似文献
5.
6.
采用超临界CO2萃取牛至药材中的挥发油,以挥发油产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和为考察指标,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度及夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度为55℃、萃取时间为2.5 h、75%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量为0.02mL/min、CO2流量为1 L/min,在此实验条件下,产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和平均为0.141 24 g。优选得到的萃取工艺可靠、简便易行、稳定性好。 相似文献
7.
利用含夹带剂超临界CO2从芝麻中萃取了芝麻油,实验研究了萃取压力、温度、时间、CO2流量等工艺条件因素对萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:萃取率随着压力升高而升高;温度在45℃以下时,萃取率随着温度对升高而升高,但当温度超过45℃以后,萃取率略有下降;萃取率随着时间的增加而增加,但随着时间的延长,萃取率的增加幅度逐渐变缓;随CO2流量增大,萃取率上升。得到超临界CO2流体萃取芝麻油的较优工艺条件为:萃取压力为30 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间180 min、CO2流量10 kg/h。 相似文献
8.
9.
超临界CO_2萃取烟草精油的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以烟草为材料,以精油提取率、新植二烯提取率、精油品质为评价指标,通过单因素实验考察夹带剂乙醇的体积分数、夹带剂流量、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。在此基础上,通过正交实验优选萃取工艺条件为:94%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量0.04mL·min-1、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度50℃、CO2流量2.0L·min-1、萃取时间3.0h,在此条件下萃取的精油金黄透亮,夹带剂残留少,精油提取率为37.58mg·g-1,新植二烯提取率为4.045mg·g-1。 相似文献
10.
超临界CO2萃取β-胡萝卜素的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对超临界CO2萃取胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素的工艺进行了实验研究.用L9(34)正交实验研究了萃取压力、CO2流量、原料粒径、萃取温度等因素对萃取效果的影响,且对夹带剂的用量进行了研究与探讨.实验结果表明,4个因素中对提取率影响大小依次为压力>流量>粒径>温度,适宜的超临界萃取条件为萃取压力40 MPa,CO2流量10kg·h,原料粒径为40目,萃取温度40℃,此条件下的提取率为30.25×104.夹带剂可明显提高萃取率,适宜的夹带剂添加量为40 mL.此外还将超临界萃取与有机溶剂提取进行了比较,效果均优于有机溶剂. 相似文献
11.
12.
J. R. Aldrich S. P. Carroll W. R. Lusby M. J. Thompson J. P. Kochansky R. M. Waters 《Journal of chemical ecology》1990,16(1):199-210
Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA. 相似文献
13.
14.
2008~2009年世界塑料工业进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2010,38(3)
收集了2008年7月~2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008~2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。 相似文献
15.
Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
16.
M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
17.
It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples. 相似文献
18.
Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
19.