基于最小/最大描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集模型

覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集都是处理不确定性问题的基础理论,它们有着很强的互补性,且覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合研究是一个新的热点。对多粒度覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合进行深入研究。首先将最小描述、最大描述从单一粒度推广到多个粒度,提出了多粒度的最小描述和最大描述,讨论了多粒度的融合;其次,分别给出了基于最小描述和最大描述的模糊覆盖粗糙隶属度、非隶属度的概念,构建了两种新的模型即基于最小描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集和基于最大描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集,并讨论了它们的性质,同时举例说明;最后,分析和研究了两种模型的关系。该研究为多粒度覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合提供了一种方法。     

条件概率描述下的多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型研究

在覆盖空间中,利用元素的最小描述并结合条件概率的概念,将经典多粒度粗糙集进行拓展,提出了3种条件概率描述下的多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型;研究了模型的一些基本性质,指出它们是一些已有多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型的泛化形式;最后探讨了几种模型之间的关系.     

基于证据理论刻画多粒度覆盖粗糙集的数值属性

在经典多粒度粗糙集模型的基础上,基于论域中对象的极大描述和极小描述,定义了4种应用更为广泛的悲观多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型。然后通过集合的交、并运算与关系划分函数,构造了对象关于覆盖族的单粒度的多元覆盖及单粒度划分。在此基础上,基于证据理论,探讨了4种悲观多粒度覆盖粗糙集的上、下近似与信任函数和似然函数之间关系,并描述了该模型所具备的相关数值属性。对比分析表明悲观多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型既具备经典多粒度粗糙集模型能够融合多源信息的优势,又克服了其应用范围狭窄的缺点。实例分析验证了所提模型的有效性。     

多粒度覆盖信息系统的属性约简方法比较

为拓展覆盖粗糙集模型,用多粒度方法研究了张燕兰等提出的广义覆盖决策信息系统模型,定义了多粒度意义下的覆盖上下近似,提出了多粒度属性约简算法。用实例对多粒度覆盖粗糙集属性约简方法和胡清华等提出的单粒度方法进行了比较。     

最小描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型

在覆盖广义粗糙集理论中,对最小描述的定义是建立在单一粒度基础上。将最小描述从单一粒度推广到多个粒度,建立了多粒度覆盖粗糙集模型。在此基础上,用最小描述建立了两类不同的上下近似算子,研究其性质,给出了一种基于最小描述下求属性约简的新算法。     

可变粒度粗糙集

分析乐观多粒度粗糙集和悲观多粒度粗糙集的不足之后,提出一种可变粒度粗糙集模型,定义了可变粒度粗糙集的下、上近似集,研究了可变粒度粗糙集与这两种多粒度粗糙集的性质,证明了可变粒度粗糙集是多粒度粗糙集的泛化,最后给出几种可变粒度粗糙集的度量因子,研究了变粒度粗糙集与多粒度粗糙集度量之间的关系.     

可变粒度粗糙集

分析乐观多粒度粗糙集和悲观多粒度粗糙集的不足之后,提出一种可变粒度粗糙集模型,定义了可变粒度粗 糙集的下、上近似集,研究了可变粒度粗糙集与这两种多粒度粗糙集的性质,证明了可变粒度粗糙集是多粒度粗糙集 的泛化,最后给出几种可变粒度粗糙集的度量因子,研究了变粒度粗糙集与多粒度粗糙集度量之间的关系。     

覆盖多粒度粗糙集的数值特征

通过极大描述和极小描述获取的覆盖多粒度粗糙集,可以更好地应用于实际.首先通过极小描述和极大描述的交并运算定义4个悲观覆盖多粒度粗糙集模型,并讨论其基本性;在此基础上进一步分析其证据结构,并得出覆盖多粒度粗糙集具有信任结构的充分条件,即上、下近似满足对偶性、可加性和可乘性.通过上述研究,进一步丰富了多粒度粗糙集的研究.     

多重代价多粒度决策粗糙集模型研究

决策粗糙集和多粒度粗糙集是两种重要的数据处理机制。在对多重代价决策粗糙集模型和多粒度粗糙集模型的研究基础上,通过综合考虑多重代价矩阵和多粒度思想,将权重均值代价策略引入决策粗糙集模型中,提出了一种基于权重多重代价的多粒度决策粗糙集模型。在不完备信息系统中,分析了悲观代价决策粗糙集、乐观代价决策粗糙集和权重多重代价多粒度决策粗糙集模型,并给出了以上各种模型的决策代价总代价计算公式。以权重多重代价悲观多粒度决策粗糙集模型为例,讨论了该模型下随着粒度的变化其正域的变化情况,并给出了一种基于代价最小化的粒度约简方法。该模型更好地结合了决策粗糙集模型和多粒度粗糙集模型,可从多角度分析解决决策粗糙集模型中的相关问题。     

多粒度粗糙集和覆盖粗糙集间的近似与约简关系*

多粒度粗糙集和覆盖粗糙集是2种重要的数据处理机制.文中从近似集和属性约简2个角度探讨完备信息系统与不完备信息系统中多粒度粗糙集和覆盖粗糙集的关系.通过构造信息系统的粒空间,证明乐观多粒度粗糙集近似等价于松覆盖粗糙集近似,悲观多粒度粗糙集近似等价于紧覆盖粗糙集近似,即乐观多粒度粗糙集和悲观多粒度粗糙集可分别表示为松覆盖粗糙集和紧覆盖粗糙集.进一步指出信息系统的2类多粒度粗糙集的协调集可转化为2类覆盖粗糙集的协调集,并刻画多粒度粗糙集约简与覆盖粗糙集约简间的密切联系.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.