单量子比特系统状态的在线估计

针对具有退相干效应与测量反馈随机噪声的随机开放量子系统, 采用对状态影响较弱的连续弱测量在线获取一系列状态的部分信息, 实现量子状态的在线估计.由泡利矩阵构造初始测量算符, 并推导出在线的随时间变化的测量算符; 基于压缩传感理论来减少测量次数; 采用最小二乘优化算法对自由演化中的量子密度矩阵状态进行重构, 完整地给出了量子态在线估计的过程.所提出的在线量子态估计方案, 在一个量子位系统上进行了系统仿真实验.数值仿真实验结果表明, 在满足压缩传感理论的条件下, 仅需2次连续弱测量所得到的测量值之后, 就可以高精度地实现在线变化的单比特量子密度矩阵估计.     

基于相干控制的二能级量子系统退相干抑制

对于二能级开放量子系统,研究了利用相干控制抑制退相干效应的问题.首先讨论了二能级开放量子系统在相干控制下的建模问题,将退相干抑制归结为与环境噪声解耦的控制问题.然后,引入开环控制抑制退相干,并证明该控制可使系统状态中的部分分量与环境噪声渐近解耦.最后引入反馈控制,使得系统状态的相应分量可以与环境精确解耦,同时能够避免测量引入的量子噪声的影响.     

随机开放量子系统的纯态开关反馈控制EI北大核心CSCD

针对目标态为纯态的情况,本文对有限维随机开放量子系统,提出一种同时适用于本征态和叠加态的开关控制,它是由常量控制和基于李雅普诺夫方法设计的控制律组成,实现随机开放量子系统的状态转移和收敛控制,其中,李雅普诺夫函数为系统的状态距离,常量控制用来驱动系统状态从初始状态进入含有目标态的收敛域中,李雅普诺夫控制用来使进入收敛域中的状态继续收敛到期望的目标态.将所提出的控制方法,应用于2比特随机开放量子系统进行了数值仿真实验,并与本征态开关控制律方法进行了性能对比,实验结果表明了所提出的控制律的优越性.     

量子系统动态函数的跟踪控制

以随时间变化的二次函数为目标函数,对采用薛定谔方程的量子系统进行轨迹跟踪研究。根据Lyapunov稳定性定理,选择误差的平方作为Lyapunov函数设计控制律,实现系统从任意初始状态到目标函数的跟踪。在Matlab环境下对不同初始状态进行了系统仿真及性能对比研究,分析了系统初始值以及控制中观测量对跟踪性能的影响,验证了控制律在跟踪目标函数上的优越性。     

开放环境下多比特量子计算机的相干控制模型

研究了开放环境下多比特量子计算系统的相干控制建模问题.基于开放量子系统的数学模型,选取适当的矩阵基将描述多比特量子计算机的复矩阵动态控制模型转化为实向量空间上的控制模型,并给出计算相应的结构系数的方法.这些工作提供了进一步研究控制律设计的基础.     

一种基于在线辨识的Web 服务自适应接纳控制

设计并实现了一种基于量子行为粒子群算法(QPSO)系统模型在线辨识的Web服务自适应接纳控制,根据系统模型的变化在线调节比例积分控制器参数.通过接纳时间比反馈控制机制,调整控制周期内服务器接纳请求的时间长度,进而实现接纳控制.通过仿真实验,并与多种不同控制方法进行比较,所得结果表明,在线辨识自适应控制能够在服务器过载的情况下更有效地控制系统资源,进一步提高了服务质量.     

绝热量子搜索算法中的纠缠与能量分析

为了进一步研究量子纠缠与量子计算速度及能量的关系,通过计算von Neumann纠缠熵,分析了时间复杂度分别为O(N )和O(1)的绝热量子搜索算法的量子纠缠度随时间的变化关系,并对两者进行了比较.实验结果表明,量子纠缠对绝热量子计算的运行时间具有明显的影响,较大的纠缠可以导致更短的运行时间,反之亦然.同时对纠缠与能量的关系给出了一般性解释,即注入能量导致系统的纠缠增大,并因此缩短算法的运行时间.此外还分析了纠缠与量子系统初态的关系.实验表明系统初态形式不同,其纠缠度也不一样.初态为等幅叠加态的算法涉及的纠缠度明显大于初态为非等幅叠加态的算法.     

含压电片层合板的LQR振动主动控制

对采用不同材料的压电传感器的层合板进行了研究,并探讨了该层合板的振动主动控制问题.从位移函数出发,结合Hamitom原理进行有限元分析、建模,推导出运动方程;同时基于控制目标函数的LQR控制方法,利用Matlab系统仿真,演示了悬臂薄板随时间变化在有无控制时的一二阶响应曲线.对响应曲线的分析结果表明,该方法能有效控制层合板的振动,达到了层合板振动主动控制与抑制的研究目的.     

一种H∞混合灵敏度控制器设计方法

传统的输出反馈H∞优化控制设计比较复杂,由于控制器的阶数要远远高于实际系统的阶数,在实际工业控制过程中不容易实现。从次优控制的角度出发,利用量子粒子群算法解决特定结构的H∞混合灵敏度优化控制设计。对带有超前/滞后环节控制器的SISO锁相闭环摩托速度系统和PI 型控制器的MIMO超级机动F18/harv 战斗机系统使用量子粒子群算法进行了分析,并和GA算法进行了比较。实验仿真显示了量子粒子群算法的有效性。     

量子控制非门核磁共振脉冲序列设计与验证

在核磁共振条件下解单体含时薛定谔方程,给出核自旋绕[x]轴和[y]轴转动[π/2]的单量子位转动门,根据量子控制非门的定义,设计出实现量子控制非门的核磁共振脉冲序列。利用两个核自旋之间的相互作用时间远小于射频脉冲作用时间这个条件,通过在旋转参考系中近似求解核磁共振时的两体含时薛定谔方程,给出量子控制非门核磁共振脉冲序参数取值。利用Suzuki对称乘积公式,对含时薛定谔方程进行数值计算,数值计算结果验证了量子控制非门脉冲序列设计与参数取值的正确性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.