Theoretical and experimental responsivity of fir antenna coupled metal-insulator-metal detectors

In this work we report a complete theory of the metal-insulator-metal, antenna coupled, mm and sub-mm detectors. The voltage -power responsivity is simply derived from the geometrical antenna proprieties and the electrical junction characteristics. The calculated responsivity simply foresees our experimental results in the sub-mm — mm range and well fits all the previously reported data     

Analysis of square Fresnel Zone Plate Lens for dual band detectors

Dust emission is used in space applications for star-formation characterization normally acquired by different detectors operating at Infrared (IR) and sub-millimeter wave (sub-mm wave) frequencies. An integrated dual band detector working at both frequency ranges is described in this paper. The proposed configuration implements a spiral antenna working at sub-millimeter wave frequencies whose design is based on Fresnel zones theory. At the same time, this spiral antenna is used as Fresnel lens to focus IR power (12 μm) into an IR detector. The paper describes the influence of implementing a sub-mm wave spiral antenna based on square Fresnel zones. In particular, the effects on the focal distance and the focal gain at IR frequencies and the radiation features at sub-mm wave frequencies are studied. Furthermore, the importance of the number of Fresnel zones used in the design of the sub-mm spiral antenna is also determined.     

Integrated 460 GHz photonic transmitter module

A photonic sub-millimetre (sub-mm) wave transmitter module has been developed and fabricated. The module consists of a 1.55 μm waveguide InP photodetector monolithically integrated with a planar full wave slot antenna and passive lowpass filter for DC bias supply. For the first time, optical heterodyne 460 GHz sub-mm signal generation is demonstrated It is further shown that the module can effectively replace the classical solid-state oscillator of an astronomical superconductor-insulator-superconductor heterodyne receiver The module generates sufficient sub-mm wave power to operate the receiver under optimum conditions     

Matching Condition of Direct THz-Signal Detection from On-Chip Resonating Antennas with CMOS Transistors in Non-resonant Plasma Wave Mode

This paper presents matching condition for detector at THz frequencies, which directly read signals from an integrated antenna. We use direct THz-signal detections with CMOS transistors in non-resonant plasma wave mode, which are embedded in on-chip resonating antennas. The detector detects THz envelope signals directly from the side edges of the on-chip patch antennas. The signal detection mechanism is studied in the view of the impedance conditions of the antenna and the detector. The detectors are implemented with stacked transistors structures to achieve high responsivity. The measured responsivities of the detectors with antenna impedances that were simulated to be 599.7, 912.3, 1565, and 3190.6 Ω agree well with the calculated values. Moreover, the responsivity dependence on the detector impedance is shown with two different input impedances of the detectors. Since CMOS circuit models from foundry are not accurate at frequencies higher than f _t , the matching guideline between the antenna and the detector is very useful in designing high responsivity detectors. This study found that a detector has to have a large input impedance conjugately matched to the antenna’s impedance to have high responsivity.     

Resonators for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths

Further considerations on the mm-wave Fabry-Perot interferometer are presented. Computed Q values for parallel metal plate resonators indicate that at spacings around 2.5 cm, values ranging from 60,000 at 3 mm, to 300,000 at 0.1 mm wavelengths are possible. The plates must, however, be quite flat. These results are important for many investigations, and in particular for mm and sub-mm wave maser research. For the aperture per wavelength ratios possible here, diffraction effects should be small. Consideration is given to using curved reflectors or focused radiation in applications where the fields must be concentrated. For this purpose, re-entrant conical spherical resonators are treated in detail, as regards operation in the TEM mode at high orders of interference. Expressions for the Q and shunt impedance are given, and high values are possible at mm and sub-mm wavelengths. Quasi-optical methods of coupling into and out of such a resonator are proposed, and the higher modes possible in such a resonator are considered. Results indicate that it could have application to the mm-wave generation problem, and that it represents a good resonant cavity for solid state research at mm and sub-mm wavelengths, and for maser applications in particular.     

一种高集成高空间分辨率220 GHz检波器

本文设计了一种高集成检波器,其包含贴片天线、匹配电路、肖特基二极管和透镜。在中芯国际130nm工艺下将天线、匹配电路、肖特基二极管集成到一个芯片上,检波器的集成度相比于分离式有了明显的提高。为增强片上天线的方向性,进行了带有空气腔的尼龙透镜的设计和优化。透镜上的空气腔不但提供了组装空间而且减小了透镜体积。通过测试,天线在220 GHz辐射增益为22 dB,其中透镜贡献约为20dB。检波器测试得到的响应率可达到130-150V/W,对应的等效噪声功率（NEP）估算为400-460 。     

A low noise receiver for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths

A broadband, low noise heterodyne receiver, suitable for astronomical use, has been built using a Pb alloy superconducting tunnel junction (SIS). The RF coupling is quasioptical via a bowtie antenna on a quartz lens and is accomplished without any tuning elements. In this preliminary version the double sideband receiver noise temperature rises from 205 K at 116 GHz to 375 K at 349 Ghz, and to 815 K at 466 GHz. This is the most versatile and sensitive receiver yet reported for sub-mm wavelengths.     

Comparison of the responsivity of W-Ni point contact MBM diodes with W-Si point contact Schottky diodes

The responsivities of the W-Ni point contact MBM diode and the W-Si point contact Schottky diode (commercial 1N23B diode) are compared at 9.5 GHz under identical conditions. The MBM diode has almost half the responsivity of the Schottky diode and was measured to be ≃20 V/W for a 550 Ω termination. The responsivity of the MBM diode decreases with an increase of the frequency. However, this is not due to the RC time constant of MBM diodes, but due to the antenna properties of the whisker and the relaxation behavior of the metallic whisker antenna.     

Analysis of sub-THz radiation detector built of planar antenna integrated with MOSFET

In this paper an approach to analysis of responsivity of MOSFET-based detectors of THz radiation has been presented. The authors have analyzed the substrate modes that affect performance of antennas that are always used as a part of detecting structures, and should be accounted for by proper choice of the substrate geometry. Then, a methodology to combine extracted properties of an arbitrary antenna with properties of the transistor channel has been described and employed to estimate responsivity of a detector built of a particular MOSFET integrated with several antenna structures. Finally, example detectors were fabricated and measured using sub-THz radiation sources operating in the combined bandwidth 220–360 GHz. Measurement results were compared with predictions which lead to conclusions on possible levels of the impedance of the transistor channel at these frequencies.     

The design of radially symmetric lenses

For scanning over wide angles at millimeter wavelengths, an antenna incorporating a radially symmetric lens is an attractive solution if the lens can be realized in a practical form. It is shown that suitable lenses can be constructed very simply, from natural dielectrics if desired, and a design technique for the optimal antenna is presented. Some results are given of analytical and experimental studies of a number of actual antennas operating at wavelengths near 4 mm. These confirm that practical solutions are available. Homogeneous lenses may be used up to antenna gains of about 35 dB, and a lens consisting of a single shell and a core is sufficient for most other practical requirements.     

A Novel CMOS Multi-band THz Detector with Embedded Ring Antenna

To overcome the large chip area occupation for the traditional terahertz multi-frequency detector by using the antenna elements in a different frequency, a novel structure for a multi-frequency detector is proposed and studied. Based on the ring antenna detector, an embedded multi-ring antenna with multi-port is proposed for the multi-frequency detector. A single-ring and dual-ring detectors are analyzed and designed in 0.18 μ m CMOS. For the single-ring detector, the best responsivity and NEP is 701 V/W and 261 pW/Hz^0.5 at the frequency of 290 GHz. For the dual-ring detector, the best responsivity is 367 V/W and 297 V/W, NEP is 578 pW/Hz^0.5 and 713pW/Hz^0.5, at the frequency of 600 GHz and 806 GHz, respectively. This embedded multi-ring detector has a simple structure which can be expanded easily in a compact size.     

蝶形天线增强的HEMT室温太赫兹探测器

介绍了一种基于GaN/AlGaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)的高速、高灵敏度室温太赫兹探测器。在太赫兹波辐射下,HEMT源漏端产生直流光电流,并能被栅压灵敏地调控。探测器中新颖的蝶形天线设计使接收到的太赫兹电场得到显著增强,提高了探测器的响应度。通过测量探测器对不同偏振方向的太赫兹光的响应,有效验证了蝶形天线对太赫兹电场的增强作用。室温下,探测器的等效噪声功率约为5×10-10W/Hz21,平均响应度达42mA/W。实验结果表明,光电流的产生与二维电子气沟道的场效应特性和入射太赫兹波电场在电子沟道中的分布密切相关。自混频理论能很好地描述实验结果。     

High Current Responsivity and Wide Modulation Bandwidth Terahertz Detector Using High-Electron-Mobility Transistor for Wireless Communication

A high-current-responsivity terahertz (THz) detector was fabricated using a broadband bow-tie antenna and an InAlAs/InGaAs high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with a short gate length. High-current responsivity can be achieved by using a short gate length; the resulting high transconductance exhibited ballistic transport in the channel. We fabricated the HEMT detector with a 50-nm-long channel; the transconductance was 1.2 S/mm and the subthreshold slope was 120 mV/dec, yielding a high-current responsivity (～5 A/W) and a cutoff frequency of 460 GHz. We also measured the modulation bandwidth of the THz detector using a heterodyne mixing technique with a uni-traveling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) for providing the radio frequency (RF) and a frequency multiplier as a local oscillator. The intensity of the intermediate signal (IF) was measured by changing the frequency of the UTC-PD; very high bandwidths of up to 26 GHz were obtained. The experimental results agree well with electromagnetic simulations, which indicate that the bandwidth is determined by the external circuit. The conversion gain from RF to IF was ?2 dB in the heterodyne mixing by using the HEMT detector.     

一种H型极子小型超宽带天线

设计了一款检测用小尺寸平板超宽带天线,天线为单极结构,天线尺寸为15mm×12mm×1mm。天线基板材料为高性能介电材料Taconic,天线采用H型极子结构,可以有效地调整天线回波损耗曲线,天线背部采用开槽结构,开槽尺寸为12mm×10mm。天线带宽为6GHz-7GHz,天线正向辐射增益达到3．3dBi,具有足够的穿透辐射强度,天线基本性能满足超宽带检测领域的应用要求。     

Low frequency characteristics of a quasioptical Schottky diode detector part II: Experimental results

A detailed experimental study of the low frequency (video) response of a quasioptical Schottky diode detector over the microwave and FIR wavelength range is presented. An optimization of the responsivity versus the bias current is proposed and a generalized curve of the saturation power versus the FIR wavelength is given. This curve defines for any antenna point-contact Schottky diode detector, suitable for FIR detection, the power range for a linear detector response. A simple method is also described to calculate the coupling efficiency of the laser radiation into the antenna reception pattern.     

全息天线仿真分析

描述了采用全息天线理论,实现天线方向图动态可重构的基本原理。计算机仿真表明,全息天线的全息结构条纹与所需辐射方向图之间的对应关系。因此只需调整条纹结构就可实现方向图的空间方位扫描。     

Calibration of power and energy meters for the far infrared/near millimeter wave spectral region

Power and energy measurments in the sub-mm/near-mm wave spectral region are assuming greater importance as experimentation and data exchange increases. Much of the information on power and energy measurements of lasers and other sources is derived from common detectors constructed for operation at visible and near infrared wavelengths. This paper reports on recent progress in attempts to provide accurate calibrations for instruments such as pyroelectrics and calorimeters in the 40 μm to 3 mm spectral region.     

Pro/E行为建模技术在天线配重设计中的应用

针对天线配重设计中存在的问题，利用先进的设计软件Pro／E中的高级模块——“行为建模”技术对配重设计进行了优化，使配重设计更加简单、准确、高效。     

A Simple and Rugged Wide-Band Gas Discharge Detector for Millimeter Waves

Detection of 4 and 2 millimeter waves by a small, low-pressure, anomalous burning glow discharge in He or Ne is described. The responsivity and the noise equivalent power are discussed. Typical values are presented in a table: the former is found to be about 50 V/W, the latter about 5 /spl mu/W. The device is linear over about 30 dB, it has a LF bandwidth of about 50 kc/s and the same tube can be used both for detection of 4 and 2 mm waves by simply raising the applied dc potential a few volts. Since the device is very rugged it can withstand a high local oscillator power, so that in a synchronous detection circuit the noise equivalent power can be about 10/sup -11/ W at 1 c/s bandwidth.     

新概念激光等离子体通道天线的研究

激光等离子体通道天线是一种具有卓越隐身性能的新概念天线.简单阐述了激光等离子体通道天线的系统实现,建立了等离子体通道天线的分析模型,结合边界条件推导出分析电磁波沿激光等离子体通道传播特性的特征方程和分析电磁波沿激光等离子体通道表面向外辐射特性的天线表面波模式色散方程,从而计算了激光等离子体通道天线的传播特性曲线和辐射方...