雾的雷达后向散射特性研究

利用流雾与辐射雾的能见度与含水量的经验公式导出的Gamma雾滴谱分布,得到了平流雾和辐射雾的雷达反射因子Z与雾的能见度、含水量的关系式。以94GHz雷达为例,研究了雾的雷达后向散射特性。最后利用毫米波衰减数据和能见度反演的几场湿海雾参数,研究了湿海雾的后向散射特性,研究结果表明：湿海雾的雷达反射因子可与中到大雨相当。     

雾对10.6μm红外辐射的衰减特性研究

基于gamma雾滴尺寸分布模型及辐射雾和平流雾含水量与能见度的经验关系,计算并回归得到了平流雾和辐射雾对10.6μm红外辐射的衰减与含水量和能见度的关系,其对浓辐射雾得到的雾衰减与含水量的线性关系与文献所给实验结果和半经验公式均有很好的一致性.最后对雾的红外衰减和可见光衰减进行了比较,结果表明浓平流雾对10.6μm红外辐射的雾衰减大于可见光的雾衰减.     

太赫兹波段信号在雾中的传输特性研究

太赫兹（THz）波提供的通信带宽和容量远大于毫米波。与可见光和红外光相比,THz脉冲的波长较长,在随机介质中传播时,不但会发生时域和空域的形变,介质中的粒子还会对入射波发生散射,这些都会使得脉冲信号发生衰减。根据Mie理论与随机离散分布粒子的波传播与散射理论,计算了THz波信号入射下雾滴粒子的消光系数,分析了不同THz波波长下,雾滴粒子消光系数随粒子尺寸的变化。结合雾滴粒子谱分布,考虑粒子群的平均体系散射特性,得到了不同波长下的平均反照率与相函数。最后分析了THz波段信号在不同能见度雾中的传输特性。结果表明:大气环境中,雾对THz波产生的吸收和衰减不容忽视,不同THz信号的水的折射率虚部的变化严重影响了THz信号在雾中的传输。     

Rain fades on low elevation angle Earth-satellite paths:comparative assessment of the Austin, Texas, 11.2 GHz experiment

Only a few years of rain attenuation data for Earth-space paths are available for low elevation angle paths, and these show a consistent tendency by the CCIR fade prediction model to underpredict rain fades. The authors contribute to the database four years of 11.2 GHz measurements, taken on a 5.8° elevation path in Austin, Texas, USA and assess higher than predicted fade results with respect to earlier measurements and the CCIR model. At the fiducial 0.01 percent of time, the rain fall rate was 73 mm/h and the attenuation exceeded the 25 dB measurement fade margin. It is found that the monthly variability of rain fall rates and decibel fades follows a normal distribution. Durations of rainfall and fades are classified into events, episodes, interevent gaps (longer than 4.2 h), and interepisode gaps (shorter than 4.2 h). Rainfall interevent gaps and event durations, as well as fade event, episode, and gap durations are log-normally distributed     

A simple expression for estimating attenuation by fog at millimeter wavelengths

At millimeter wavelengths, fog attenuation is a function of the fog density, extent, index of refraction of the fog medium, and wavelength. The attenuation is usually determined by first estimating the index of refraction of water for the wavelength and temperature of interest and then calculating the attenuation using the Rayleigh approximation. In this communication fog attenuation is computed for a large set of wavelengths and indices of refraction. A regression analysis of the attenuation is then conducted as a function of wavelength and temperature. It is shown that an almost perfect fit can be obtained with a four-term regression on wavelength and temperature for the ranges of 3 mm <lambda < 3cm and-8degC< T < 25degC, respectively 5666. This expression produces a normalized fog attenuation; the total attenuation is easily computed by multiplying the normalized attenuation by the fog density and extent. If fog density data are not available, a formula for estimating the density from fog visibility is given.     

装甲目标毫米波辐射亮温解的优化控制

毫米波系统有着较微波、红外、光学系统不同特性的优点.毫米波辐射探测技术在许多领域有着重要应用与发展.为能求得真实的目标物体亮温,从测得的天线温度数据或天线温度分布函数中反演出装甲目标的亮温分布,需解第一类Fredholm积分方程.该积分方程是一病态方程.DFP法算法是无约束最优化方法中最有效的方法之一.本文尝试用DFP法优化控制毫米波装甲目标辐射亮温,得到较为稳定的反演解.     

The design of radially symmetric lenses

For scanning over wide angles at millimeter wavelengths, an antenna incorporating a radially symmetric lens is an attractive solution if the lens can be realized in a practical form. It is shown that suitable lenses can be constructed very simply, from natural dielectrics if desired, and a design technique for the optimal antenna is presented. Some results are given of analytical and experimental studies of a number of actual antennas operating at wavelengths near 4 mm. These confirm that practical solutions are available. Homogeneous lenses may be used up to antenna gains of about 35 dB, and a lens consisting of a single shell and a core is sufficient for most other practical requirements.     

两栖装甲车辆对抗红外／毫米波复合制导方法研究

在分析两栖装甲车辆的毫米波、红外暴露特征和常见的干扰技术,以及人工水雾干扰红外/毫米波复合制导原理的基础上,运用Mie散射理论和热力学理论,对人工水雾干扰红外/毫米波复合制导技术进行了理论分析,给出了单位喷水量条件下,水雾滴径的最佳尺寸,最后模拟计算了人工水雾对红外/毫米波复合制导的干扰性能.     

Effect of Fog and Clouds on the Image Quality in Millimeter Communications

The effect of fog and clouds in millimeter communication is discussed, and the attenuation caused by fog and clouds is reviewed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of image is derived using relating models of fog and clouds attenuation. According to the relation of image quality and its signal-to-noise ratio, the system behavior is forecasted theoretically. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio of receiver at certain transmitter power is inverse with radio wave frequency, from about 70dB at 10GHz to 48dB for fog and 49dB for clouds. The image quality of received signal at certain transmitter power is inverse with radio wave frequency, from about 7 grade at 10GHz to 5.27 grade for fog and 5.37 grade for clouds. The above calculated results are consistent with experimental results.     

我国海雾总体特点及其对中红外辐射能量衰减的分析

在对我国不同纬度海雾观测资料总结归纳的基础上,建立了我国海雾微物理结构的拟合分布模型,归纳了我国海雾的总体特点。标定了最常见海雾的尺度参数,并根据红外辐射在海雾中的散射与吸收特性,定量分析了不同海雾的消光系数,根据米氏散射定律定量计算了中红外波段下海面平流雾的散射衰减度,并据此与实验结果进行了比对,吻合性较好。根据米氏理论,在较浓平流雾条件下,雾滴为盐溶液时,中红外波段的消光系数均值为2.90,海雾消光系数随着尺度参数的增大呈现出单调减小的特点;而在纯水条件下,消光系数均值为3.35,消光系数随着尺度参数的增大而单调增加。     

Experimental investigation of millimeter wave Gunn oscillator circuits in circular waveguides

Millimeter wave Gunn oscillator circuits using circular waveguides for 33–50 GHz and 75–110 GHz frequency bands are described. These oscillators are simpler to construct at millimeter wavelengths compared to the conventional rectangular waveguide circuits. The effect of various circuit parameters on the oscillator frequency and output power has been experimentally studied. The CW power and mechanical tuning range obtained from the circular waveguide Gunn oscillators are found to be comparable and sometimes even better than those obtained with conventional rectangular waveguide circuits using the same Gunn device.     

水雾遮蔽性能的计算和分析

水雾干扰波段宽,使用成本低,对生物和环境都不产生毒副作用,是一种新型的干扰材料。利用Mie散射理论,对粒径服从对数正态分布和正态分布的水雾在可见光波段、红外传输大气窗口和两种常用的军用激光波长处的质量消光系数进行了计算,得到了水雾在这些波段(波长)处的遮蔽性能,分析了计算结果与粒径分布参数之间的关系。     

基于CNN的毫米波无蜂窝大规模MIMO信道估计

针对小区间干扰导致蜂窝边缘无法满足不断增长的数据速率需求问题,毫米波无蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)系统被认为是一种很有前途的解决方案。然而,毫米波的高频率、大带宽以及接入点配置的大量天线给信道估计带来了较大挑战。将毫米波大规模MIMO信道矩阵视为二维图像,结合图像去噪方法提出一种基于改进去噪卷积神经网络(Improved-Denoising Convolutional Neural Network, I-DnCNN)的信道估计算法。通过具有注意力机制的压缩与激励(Squeeze-and-Excitation, SE)模块,自适应调整提取的全局特征以增强对信道噪声特征的学习,根据接收信号估计出噪声等级图且增添为输入,提升对噪声的鲁棒性。最后,采用残差学习的方式获得估计信道矩阵。利用理论信道模型和基于波束追踪的信道数据集进行的仿真实验结果表明,与去噪卷积神经网络(Denoising Convolutional Neural Network, DnCNN)算法相比,所提算法在两个数据集下的信道估计精度可分别平均提升2.27...     

膨胀石墨对3mm、8mm波衰减性能研究

采用静态测试方法,研究了膨胀石墨对3mm、8mm波衰减性能,并与传统的毫米波干扰材料一铝箔条进行了对比．膨胀石墨对3mm、8mm波衰减分别为17.0dB和16．6dB,而铝箔条分别只有7．4dR和4.1db表明膨胀石墨是一种较好的毫米波干扰材料．同时,研究了膨胀石墨粒度(直径及长度)对衰减性能的影响．并给出了最大衰减效果的最佳粒度范围．所得结论对全波段发烟剂设计有较好的参考价值．     

A More Precise Empirical Formula for Estimating Normalized Fog Attenuation in the Millimeter-Wave Frequency Range 30 ~ 100 GHz

At millimeter wavelengths, normalized fog attenuation (NFA) in units of (dB/km)/ (g/m³) is generally calculated by the Rayleigh approximation when working wavelengths are much larger than the average diameter of fog droplets. The calculations of the Rayleigh approximation are much less than those of Mie scattering theory, but still complex and heavy. To solve the above problem and facilitate the engineering applications of the Rayleigh approximation, a new empirical formula is discussed to estimate NFA in the frequency range 30?~?100 GHz and the fog common temperature range ?8?~?20 °C. The simulation results of the new formula are compared with those got by other three empirical formulae: the Altshuler empirical formula, the Liebe empirical formula and the Zhao empirical formula. Maximal absolute value of the relative errors (MAVRE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) indicate the largest deviation of estimated results and the fitting performance of an empirical formula, respectively. Comparisons show that the MAVRE of the new formula is only 4.482 %, which is much smaller than those of the other three formulae. The mean value of the Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) of the proposed formula is 0.999943, larger than those of other methods. Additionally, relative error (RE) curves of the four empirical formulae are given at four certain temperatures ?8 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C and 20 °C.     

5G毫米波无线网络架构及部署场景研究

5G需要满足不同场景下的应用需求,提供高带宽、大连接、低时延的能力,未来毫米波将作为5G低频段的补充,满足5G在热点区域极高的系统容量需求。本文首先分析了介绍了基于5G毫米波的发展情况及传输性能,然后分析了5G毫米波通信的三种网络架构,再结合未来可能的应用需求,提出了5G毫米波通信的主要部署场景及应用案例。     

Optical imaging through clouds and fog

Imaging and detection of objects at optical wavelengths offers better resolution than at microwave or millimeter wavelengths. However, the imaging is severely affected by scattering from fog and clouds. This paper presents a study of optical imaging through clouds by using the point-source vector radiative transfer theory. The point-spread function including complete polarization characteristics is presented with numerical examples at 1 /spl mu/m wavelength showing the effects of aperture size and optical depth on the shower curtain effects.     

Some basic properties of biological tissues for potential biomedical applications of millimeter waves

The paper gives the highlights of the reports in the literature on sharp, distinct resonances in the absorption and action spectra at millimeter wavelengths of various biochemicals, and bacteriological and biological preparations. If true, these properties may be employed for in-vitro diagnostic applications and form a basis for frequency-specific health hazards and for new forms of cancer therapy. Carefully performed experiments in our laboratory have failed to reveal frequency-specific biological effects on BHK-21/C13 mammalian cells, on induction of lambda prophages in lysogenic Escherichia coli and on back-mutation of His Salmonella typhimurium cells. Also on account of the high absorbance of water (13--36 dB/mm) which is an essential part of living tissues, little or no differences have been observed for the absorption spectra biological samples in the 26.5 to 90.0 GHz band. Dielectric characterization of the biological samples is needed and may form a basis for broadband differences in the millimeter wave absorption by various tissues.     

Image Displaying Method of Ground-Based Millimeter Wave Radiometric Imaging System

The image displaying methods used in a millimeter wave radiometric imaging system have great influence on its imaging quality. In order to obtain high quality millimeter wave radiometric images, intensive studies on the image displaying methods are needed. This paper describes the image displaying method of Ground-based 8mm Millimeter Wave Radiometric Imaging (GMWRI) system and compares two different image displaying methods. The experimental results prove the unequal size element arc displaying method fits GMWRI system better.