托硫可湿性粉剂对苹果炭疽病的室内药效测定

７０％托硫可湿性粉剂是化工部农药剂型中心新近研究出的甲基托布津和硫磺的复配剂，生产成本低于甲基托布津，经过对苹果炭疽病的抑菌作用室内测定，结果表明对该菌具有较强的抑菌作用，当有效成分浓度在１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，抑菌分别为８６．３３％和９０．００％，抑菌效果与同样浓度的甲基托布津相当，值得进一步进行田间防治试验，以便在生产上推广应用。     

甲基托布津含盐废水制烧结磷肥试验总结

甲基托布津生产过程中有含盐废水排放,每生产一吨纯甲基托布津排放的废水量为3.5吨。此废盐水除含20%左右的氯化钠外,尚有少量的甲基托布津、丙酮、邻苯二胺、硫氰酸钠及微量氰化物等杂质,需加以利用或处理。     

甲基托布津对土壤中铜离子吸附影响及机理探讨

实验室条件下,土壤吸附试验表明,甲基托布津能够使铜离子在土壤上的表观吸附量增加.对吸附数据进行拟合发现,吸附曲线符合Freundlich方程.甲基托布津的存在使得土壤吸附常数K值增大.铜离子选择电极测定甲基托布津与铜离子的pCu-pL关系曲线表明,铜离子和甲基拖布津能够以1:1的配位数配合.甲基托布津与铜形成不溶性络合物,从而使铜的表观吸附量增加.     

单独高级氧化法去除水中农药甲基托布津研究

本文着重研究分别利用单独紫外(UV)光解、双氧水(H_2O_2)和臭氧(O3)产生·OH的高级氧化法,去除水中甲基托布津农药,并讨论其降解规律。研究表明,单独UV工艺对于甲基托布津基本没有去除效果。由此可见,单独H_2O_2工艺和单独臭氧对甲基托布津分别去除11.31%和94.7%。臭氧对甲基托布津降解反应符合拟一级动力学,甲基托布津的初始浓度对臭氧氧化反应速率的影响较大。随着pH值的升高,甲基托布津去除率表现出先降低再升高。     

国内化工简讯

50％甲基托布津——福美双可湿性粉剂通过部级鉴定甲基托布津是一种高效、广谱、内吸性杀菌剂,并具有保护和治疗作用,我国70年代中期小试成功,近几年才工业化生产。但其使用剂型单一,仅有50％和70％的可湿性     

甲硫悬浮剂中甲基托布津及硫磺含量的测定

本文介绍了化学法测定甲基托布津和硫磺含量的方法。该方法具有较好的准确度和可靠性，适用于甲硫悬浮剂生产控制分析。     

二氧化氯防治棉花枯萎病探讨

为探讨ClO2用于防治棉花枯萎病的效果，通过和市场上常用的杀菌剂多菌灵，甲基托布津进行田间对比试验，结果表明：采用添加1％－2％笔研制的棉花专用添加剂的80ppmClO2溶液，用灌根和喷雾相结合的办法，其平均死亡率可低达2．7％，而多菌灵，甲基托布津平均死亡率分为19．3％，16．2％，由此可以看出，添加1％－2％的添加剂的ClO2溶液防治效果明显优于多菌灵，甲基托布津。     

粉末活性炭对水中农药甲基托布津吸附动力学和机理

针对农药甲基托布津排入水体的污染问题,在含有相同浓度甲基托布津的溶液中分别投加竹质、椰壳质和煤质粉末活性炭,置入恒温振荡器进行甲基托布津的吸附实验,并对吸附效果进行对比。筛选出竹质粉末活性炭为吸附去除甲基托布津的最佳炭种。以竹质活性炭为吸附剂和甲基托布津为吸附质,深入开展了吸附速率和吸附动力学以及吸附热力学研究。研究结果表明,对于三种PAC,采用二级动力学模型描述和表达均更为贴切和恰当;Langmuir吸附等温线模型拟合参数,更适合描述竹质PAC吸附甲基托布津,为单分子层的吸附过程,符合理想的单层定位吸附理论机制。     

合成母液中甲基托布津的薄层层析测定

合成甲基托布津母液(以下简称母液),系指氯代甲酸甲酯和硫氰酸钠以丙酮为溶剂的反应产物与邻苯二胺缩合,再经过滤分离甲基托布津后的滤液。母液中和铜氨络离子发生反应的组份通常达八种以上(见图1、2、3),故用常规的分析方法铜盐法测定母液中的甲     

甲基托布津和乙基托布津分析方法的研究

甲基托布津和乙基托布津的分析方法,所见文献报导极少,仅见用氯仿萃取后的薄层色谱法和用活性氧化铝吸附分离后的紫外光度法。前者用于农作物中残留量的测定;后者虽用于甲、乙基托布津原粉和粉剂的分析,但由于操作繁杂,且受仪器设备的限制,普遍运用有一定困难。按甲、乙基托布津的分子结构特点,我们曾用一般硫脲衍生物的化学分析法,如银量法、汞量法、氧化法、酸量法等方法进行了分析试验研究。但由于杂质干扰和操作条件较难     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。