A new interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter with zero voltage switching and high voltage gain: analyses,design and simulation

In this paper, a new interleaved non‐isolated bidirectional dc–dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching and high voltage gain is proposed. In the proposed converter by using two coupled inductors and one capacitor, the voltage gain is extended. Moreover, by using only an auxiliary circuit that includes an inductor and two capacitors, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) of two used switches in the first phase of converter can be achieved. The ZVS operation of two used switches in the second phase is always obtained without using any extra auxiliary circuit. This converter similar to other interleaved converters has low input current ripple and low current stress on switches. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed in all operating modes, and also the voltage gain, required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, voltage and current stresses of all switches, and the value of input current ripple in both boost and buck operations are obtained. Finally, the accuracy performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation results in EMTDC/PSCAD software. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis,design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter

An interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fully soft switched high step-up SEPIC-boost DC-DC converter with one auxiliary switch

This paper proposed a new single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC)-boost DC-DC converter that uses only one auxiliary switch to create soft switching condition for all semiconductor devices. The auxiliary circuit comprises one power switch (S_a), one resonant inductor (L_r), one resonant capacitor (C_r), and one diode (D_o2). The auxiliary switch (S_a) controls the resonance during switching instants. The converter has simple structure and its control circuit remains pulse width modulation (PWM). Besides, the proposed converter has high voltage gain without using any transformer or coupled inductors. In addition, the auxiliary switch is not located in the main power path. Moreover, using soft switching techniques is the best way for reducing the size, weight, and volume of the converter. Furthermore, reduction of input inrush current and voltage stress for the main switch is obtained by using SEPIC-boost structure. A laboratory prototype converter is designed and implemented. The experimental results presented confirm the theoretical and features of the proposed converter.     

A new non‐isolated free ripple input current bidirectional DC‐DC converter with capability of zero voltage switching

In this paper, a new nonisolated free ripple input current bidirectional dc‐dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed. The free ripple input current condition at low voltage side is achieved by using third winding of a coupled inductor and a capacitor for the whole range of duty cycles. In the proposed structure, the voltage conversion ratio can be more increased by adding the turn ratio of the second winding of the coupled inductor for the whole range of duty cycles. By adjusting the value of an auxiliary inductor in the topology of the converter, according to the power, the ZVS operation of the implemented 2 switches can be achieved throughout the whole power range. The mentioned features of proposed converter are validated theoretically for both boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed for all operating modes. Moreover, all equations of the voltages and currents of all components, voltage conversion ratio, the required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, and also required conditions for canceling input current ripple at low voltage side are obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is reconfirmed through experimental and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation results.     

Non-isolated high step-up dual-input DC-DC converter with zero-voltage transition

In this paper, a non-isolated dual-input DC-DC converter with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) is proposed for renewable energy systems. The proposed converter has high step-up conversion gain without using any transformer or coupled inductors. The proposed structure consists of two boost cells, one diode-capacitor multiplier cell, and one ZVT auxiliary circuit. The main switches turn on and off under zero voltage condition and the auxiliary switch turns on under zero current condition and turns off under zero current and zero voltage conditions. Soft switching conditions, high efficiency, continuous current of input sources, low-voltage stress on switches, and returning the energy of the auxiliary circuit to the boost cell connected to the lower-voltage input are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The steady-state analysis of the converter and operation intervals are discussed. A 160-W prototype of the proposed converter is designed and implemented. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis. The efficiency reaches 96.7% at the nominal load by providing soft-switching for all switches. The proposed topology can be extended for multi-input applications by expanding the number of diode-capacitor multiplier and input boost cells.     

Steady‐state analysis of a novel ZVT interleaved boost converter

In this paper, a novel soft‐switched interleaved boost converter composed of two‐cell boost conversion units and an auxiliary circuit is proposed and investigated. The proposed auxiliary circuit is implemented using only one auxiliary switch and a minimum number of passive components without an effective increase in the cost and the complexity of the converter. The main advantage of this auxiliary circuit is that it not only provides zero‐voltage‐transition (ZVT) for the main switches but also provides soft switching for the auxiliary switch and diodes. Though all semiconductor devices operate under soft switching, they do not have any additional voltage and current stresses. The proposed converter operates successfully in soft‐switching operation mode for a wide range of input voltage level and the load. In addition, it has advantages such as fewer structure complications, lower cost and ease of control. Since the two‐cell interleaved boost units are identical, operational analysis and design for the converter module become quite simple. In this study, the detailed steady‐state theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is presented, which is verified exactly by simulation and experiments carried out on a prototype of a 120 W and 50 kHz/cell interleaved boost converter. The practical results confirm the results obtained from theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the ZVS two‐switch forward converter with synchronous current doubler rectifier

A soft switching two‐switch forward converter is presented to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of switching devices. In the adopted converter, a buck‐boost type of active clamp is connected in parallel with the primary winding of transformer. The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and magnetizing inductance can be recovered so that the peak voltage stress of switching devices is limited. The resonance between the transient interval of two main and auxiliary switches is used to achieve ZVS turn‐on of all switches. The current doubler synchronous rectifier is used in the secondary side of transformer for reducing the root mean square value of output inductor current, transformer secondary winding current and output voltage ripple by cancelling the current ripple of two output inductors. First, the circuit configuration and the principles of operation are analyzed in detail. The steady‐state analysis and design consideration are also presented. Finally, experimental results with a laboratory prototype based on a 380 V input and 12 V/30 A output were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high step‐up half‐bridge DC/DC converter with a special coupled inductor for input current ripple cancelation and extended voltage doubler circuit for power conditioning of fuel cell systems

This paper presents a high step‐up soft switched dc–dc converter having the feature of current ripple cancelation in the input stage that is specialized for power conditioning of fuel cell systems. The converter comprises a special half‐bridge converter and a rectifier stage based upon the voltage‐doubler circuit, in which the coupled‐inductor technology is amalgamated with switched‐capacitor circuit. The input current with no ripple is the principal characteristics of this topology that is achieved by utilizing a small coupled inductor. In addition, the low clamped voltage stress across both power switches and output diodes is another advantage of the proposed converter, which allows employing the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors with minuscule on‐state resistance and diodes with lower forward voltage‐drop, and thereby, the semiconductors' conduction losses diminish considerably. The inherent nature of this topology handles the switching scheme based on the asymmetrical pulse width modulation in order for switches to establish the zero voltage switching, leading to lower switching losses. Besides, because of the absence of the reverse‐recovery phenomenon, all diodes turn off with zero current switching. At last, a 250‐W laboratory prototype with the input voltage 24 V and output voltage 380 V is implemented to verify the especial features of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of a ZVS PWM DC–DC converter for high gain applications

In this paper, a pulse width modulation DC‐DC converter with high step‐up voltage gain is proposed. The proposed converter achieves high step‐up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, coupled inductor, and voltage multiplier technique. The energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled in the proposed converter. Moreover, because both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero‐voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced by soft‐switching technique. So the overall conversion efficiency is improved significantly. The theoretical steady‐state analyses and the operating principles of the proposed converter are discussed in detail for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soft‐Switching Interleaved PFC Converter with Lossless Snubber

This paper describes a soft‐switching interleaved power factor correction (PFC) converter with a lossless snubber. AC–DC converters require a unity input power factor characteristic with highly efficient operation to prevent the inflow of harmonic current to the power source. The proposed PFC converter improves the input current ripple with interleave control. The converter realizes a high efficiency by the soft‐switching operation of all switching devices without a large auxiliary resonant circuit. This paper introduces the soft‐switching operation of the converter. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed converter, experiments with a prototype of the PFC converter have been performed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed converter can realize the soft‐switching operation of all switching devices, a reduction in the input current ripple, a unity power factor of 98% or more, a sinusoidal input current, and constant output voltage control. The efficiency of the proposed PFC converter with a lossless snubber is higher than that without the lossless snubber. The results presented in this paper confirm the validity of the proposed converter.     

Analysis and Design of a New High-Efficiency Bidirectional Integrated ZVT PWM Converter for DC-Bus and Battery-Bank Interface

This paper proposes a high-efficiency bidirectional integrated zero-voltage transition (iZVT) pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter for dc-bus and battery-bank interface. The proposed converter can operate as battery charger when the utility is within its acceptable voltage range and can supply energy to critical loads when the utility fails. The converter practically eliminates both low- and high-frequency current ripple on the batteries, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the converter. Moreover, soft switching of all switches is achieved using the proposed integrated auxiliary commutation circuit (iACC). Just one iACC is used to provide soft-switching conditions for the three converters that compose the system: the preregulator (boost), the battery charger (bidirectional converter operating as a buck), and the backup converter (bidirectional converter operating as a boost). This auxiliary circuit has few components and low reactive energy, increasing the system's overall efficiency. Experimental results based on a 580-W prototype are presented to validate the analysis and the proposed design procedure and to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.     

基于耦合电感的新型高增益软开关直流变换器

针对升压直流变换器的高增益问题,以一种带有泵升电容的Boost变换器为基础,提出一种基于耦合电感的新型高增益软开关直流变换器。讨论该变换器的工作原理、性能对比分析、关键参数设计,并且通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。该变换器通过引入耦合电感和倍压电容不仅拓展了调控电压增益的自由度,突破了仅由占空比来提升电压的局限,还减小了输出二极管的电压应力,且耦合电感中的漏感缓解了二极管反向恢复问题。利用有源钳位的方法减小了开关两端的应力,并使所有开关管实现软开通,使电路损耗得以降低。     

软开关隔离型Boost变换器研究

隔离型Boost变换器具有变压器结构简单、输入电流纹波小、效率高等优点,适合于低压大电流输入应用,但该变换器存在着开关管关断电压尖峰很大、两开关管不能同时关断以及启动冲击电流很大等问题.采用附加RCD吸收电路可以减轻上述问题的影响,但不利于变换器整机效率的提高.提出了一种软开关的隔离型Boost变换器,利用LCD电路实现功率管的软关断,并将储能电感设计为反激变压器型式以限制启动冲击电流.分析了电路的工作原理,给出了电路的参数设计原则.28V输入、48V输出、300W实验样机效率达到了92.4%.     

Design and analysis of a high step-up single-switch coupled inductor DC-DC converter with low-voltage stress on components for PV power application

This paper presents a single-switch, high step-up, non-isolated DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) power application. The proposed converter is composed of a coupled inductor, a passive clamp circuit, a voltage multiplier cell, and a voltage lift circuit. The passive clamp circuit recovers the leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor and limits the voltage spike on the switch. Configuration of the passive clamp and voltage multiplier circuits increases the converter voltage gain. High-voltage gain without a large duty cycle, low turn ratio of the coupled inductor, low-voltage stress on the switch and diodes, leakage inductance energy recovery, and high efficiency are the main merits of the suggested DC-DC converter. Steady-state operation of the converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), and boundary condition mode (BCM) is discussed and analyzed in detail. Then, design procedure of the proposed converter is given. The presented DC-DC converter is compared with similar topologies to verify its advantages. Moreover, theoretical efficiency of the presented converter is calculated in details. Finally, simulation and experimental measurement results of 388 V-220 W prototype of the proposed DC-DC converter at 50-kHz switching frequency are presented to verify its performance.     

单相双重并联交错Boost PFC的实现

基于控制器L4981A和脉宽调制器SG3525A产生移相驱动信号，实现了一种单相双重并联交错Boost PFC电路，升压电感分别采用分立电感和耦合电感。仿真与试验结果表明，该PFC电路具有良好的校正效果。小的输入电流纹波，低的功率开关电应力，而且采用耦合电感时既可减小磁芯材料的体积，又可降低整个PFC功率部分的成本。     

Interleaved step-up converter with a single-capacitor snubber for PV energy conversion applications

In this paper, an interleaved step-up converter with a single-capacitor snubber for PV energy conversion applications is proposed. The step-up converter adopts two sets of boost converters with an interleaved fashion and coupled-inductor technology to reduce output ripple current and increase output power level. To achieve higher conversion efficiency and reduce switching losses of the proposed converter, a lossless single-capacitor turn-off snubber is introduced. Therefore, the conversion efficiency can be increased significantly. In order to draw the maximum power from the PV arrays, a perturbation-and-observation method and a microcontroller are associated to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and power regulating scheme. Finally, a prototype of a soft-switching interleaved soft-switching boost converter with coupled inductors has been built and implemented. Experimental results have obtained to verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed converter for PV arrays applications.     

一种新颖的ZVT Boost变换器

脉宽调制（Pulse Width Modulation,简称PWM）Boost变换器被广泛用作DC/DC变换器和功率因数校正装置。提出了一种新颖的零电压转换（Zero Voltage Transition,简称ZVT）Boost变换器,利用能量反馈辅助电路实现了升压管的ZVT和升压二极管的软开关。辅助电路由辅助开关管、耦合电感（反激变压器）和反馈二极管构成。辅助开关管实现了零电流开通和近似零电压关断,变换器的效率较高,电磁干扰低。在辅助开关管关断时,耦合电感将谐振电路中的能量馈送至电源端,功率器件的电压电流应力较低,辅助电路的传导损耗较小。详细分析了该变换器的工作原理,并通过样机进行了验证。     

一种适用于光伏并网发电系统的高增益ZVT交错并联Boost变换器

本文提出了一种新型的有源交错并联ZVT软开关电路，该电路是在普通交错并联Boost变换器的基础上增加耦合电感绕组和有源箝位辅助单元形成。耦合电感绕组的引入扩展了变换器的电压增益和减小了开关管的电压应力，因此减小了开关管导通损耗。耦合电感的漏感限制了输出二极管关断电流的下降率，抑止了二极管的反向恢复，大大减小了反向恢复电流引起的损耗。有源辅助开关和吸收电容组成的辅助电路吸收并无损的转移了漏感能量，消除了主开关管上的电压尖峰。在整个开关周期内，主管和辅助管都是零电压开关，大大减小了开关损耗。最后，设计了一台40V输入、380V输出的1kW试验样机。仿真和试验结果表明，所有的功率器件均为软开关工作，本电路特别适用于光伏发电系统中低电压输入、高电压输出的前段变换。     

一种带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器

提出一种带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器。采用三绕组耦合电感、开关电容技术和级联结构,该变换器可实现更高电压增益。变换器的输入电感可有效降低输入电流纹波,从而减小输入电源应力。此外,耦合电感的漏感能量由输出端回收利用,提升效率的同时,能够抑制开关管的电压尖峰,降低其电压应力。详细分析带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器的工作原理,以及连续导通模式下变换器的稳态性能。最后搭建一台30V输入、380V/0.3A输出的实验样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

改进型零电压转换PWM软开关功率变换器的实现机理分析

为改进传统谐振缓冲功率变换器(RSI)应用于高精度场合纹波较大的问题,提出一种改进型零电压转换(ZVT)脉宽调制(PWM)软开关功率变换器。通过LC环节减小输出电流纹波,并采用负载分段实现软开关的方式。轻载下利用交变的滤波电感电流实现主开关器件的零电压开通,重载下通过合理的导通谐振回路实现软开关,同时辅助开关器件实现零电流开关。该拓扑可采用PWM控制,具有效率高、纹波噪声小和开关频率固定的优点。通过分析电路的实现机理,对各工作时区进行解析计算,并给出实现软开关的条件。最后通过实验,在200kHz的开关频率下,验证了电路的有效性。相比于硬开关,效率得到了很大的提升,而相比于RSI在效率上虽有降低,但输出噪声却大幅减小。