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1.
随着雷达探测技术的迅猛发展和电磁波辐射污染的日益加剧,新型吸波材料的研究和开发成为各国研究的热点。单一吸收剂存在吸波频带窄和吸收强度低等缺点,无法满足新型吸波材料频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻、吸收强的要求。碳材料具有密度低和吸波性能好等优点,通过与其他吸收剂的双组分、多组分复合,或对复合材料的微观结构进行设计,碳系复合材料表现出优异的吸波性能。简要介绍了吸波材料的工作机理,然后分别从炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯和其他碳系材料等5个方面综述了碳系材料在电磁波吸收中的应用和发展,归纳了碳系材料吸波性能的最新研究进展,最后提出了当前研究中存在的不足并明确了研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
    
Porous carbon nanomaterials are widely applied in the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) field. Among them, an emerging flower-like carbon nanomaterial, termed carbon nanoflowers (CNFs), has attracted tremendous research attention due to their unique hierarchical flower-like structure. However, the design of flower-like carbon nanomaterials with different magnetic cores for EMWA has rarely been reported. Herein, a general template method is proposed to achieve a set of high-quality magnetic CNFs, namely Co@Void@CNFs, CoNi@CNFs, and Ni@CNFs. The prepared magnetic CNFs have highly accessible surface area and internal space, rich heteroatom content, multi-scale pore system, and uniform and highly dispersed magnetic nanoparticles, as a result, deliver superior EMWA performance. Specifically, when the thickness is 2.6 mm, the Co@Void@CNFs exhibit a maximum refection loss (RLmax) of −56.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) from 8.0 to 12.1 GHz covering the whole X band. The CoNi@CNFs have an RLmax of up to −57.6 dB and a wide EAB of 5.6 GHz at just 1.9 mm. For the Ni@CNFs, possess an ultra-broad EAB of 6.1 GHz, covering the entire Ku band at 2.0 mm. Overall, the hierarchical magnetic carbon nanoflowers proposed here offer new insights toward realizing multifunctional integrated carbon nanomaterials for EMWA.  相似文献   

3.
李斌鹏  王成国  王雯  于美杰  高瑞  王强 《功能材料》2012,43(14):1941-1944,1949
以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂进行溶液聚合制得聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液,在此溶液中混入了微米级铁粉后将其压成薄膜,将烘干后的薄膜高温碳化处理制得一种碳基吸波材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对材料的成分、形貌、结构进行了表征。采用矢量网络分析仪对该复合材料在2~18GHz频段内的电磁参数进行了测试,并作了微波反射率的数值模拟。研究了碳化温度对材料物相组成和电磁性能的影响以及碳化温度和涂层厚度对材料吸波性能的影响。此种吸波材料是无定形炭和铁的氧化物、铁的氮化物等磁性物质的复合材料,兼有电损耗和磁损耗,具有较好的吸波性能。  相似文献   

4.
以碳纳米管(CNTs)为基础材料,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为造孔剂,构筑多孔结构,并将水解反应所得的氧化锌/锌复合纳米颗粒附着在孔隙结构中,制得氧化锌/锌/碳纳米管多孔复合结构,氧化锌纳米棒直径约30~60nm,长径比可达40。对复合结构的微观结构及成分表征显示,制备ZnO/Zn/CNT多孔复合结构的过程中,无杂质生成,氧化锌晶体结构也没有发生变化。多孔复合结构对模拟污染物的暗室催化降解研究结果显示,复合结构催化降解亚甲基蓝时起主要作用的是ZnO纳米棒,在多孔结构中受力变形产生电子空穴对,在无光条件下降解有机污染物,且孔径越大、水流冲击力越强,对亚甲基蓝的催化降解效果越好。  相似文献   

5.
    
The optimization design of micro-structure and composition is an important strategy to obtain high-performance metal-based electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. In this work, ZnO/FeNi composites derived from ZnFeNi layered double hydroxides are prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method and subsequent pyrolysis process, and can be employed as an effective alternative for high-performance EM wave absorber. A series of ZnO/FeNi composites with different structures are obtained by varying the molar ratios of Zn2+/Fe3+/Ni2+, and the ZnO/FeNi composites with a Zn2+/Fe3+/Ni2+ molar ratio of 6:1:3 show a hierarchical flower-like structure. Owing to the strong synergistic loss mechanism of dielectric-magnetic components and favorable structural features, this hierarchical flower-like ZnO/FeNi sample supplies the optimal EM wave absorption performance with the highest reflection loss of −52.08 dB and the widest effective absorption bandwidth of 6.56 GHz. The EM simulation further demonstrates that impedance matching plays a determining role in EM wave absorption performance. This work provides a new way for the fabrication of a high-performance metal-based EM wave absorber.  相似文献   

6.
碳纳米管/石英复合材料的电磁波吸收性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了碳纳米管/石英复合粉体, 复合粉体经热压烧结获得致密的复合材料. 在8.2~2.4GHz波段测试了该复合材料的复介电常数, 发现复介电常数随着碳纳米管含量的增加而大幅度提高, 大的介电常数虚部说明该复合材料具有很大的介电损耗. 采用传输线理论计算了该复合材料对电磁波的反射损耗, 发现复合材料在此波段对电磁波具有吸收效果, 并且反射损耗 与复合材料的厚度、碳纳米管体积含量具有密切的关系. 本文还采用了层状设计的方法提高了复合材料的吸波性能.  相似文献   

7.
Plasmonic field absorption enhancement (PFAE) of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) periodic arrays in CdSe-quantum dot (QD) sensitized ZnO nanorods was numerically investigated by the three-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD). The Ag NPs with spherical morphology were found to have an optimum PFAE compared to other Ag NP morphologies such as cubic and pyramidal. The results also showed that PFAE intensity in CdSe-QD-sensitized ZnO nanorods is increased with the reduction of Ag NP diameter until 10 nm and decreases thereafter. Moreover, the optimum density of spherical Ag NPs for optimum PFAE was observed as 20%. PFAE in CdSe-QD-sensitized ZnO nanorods is improved with increasing space between ZnO nanorods until 180 nm and reduces thereafter. Finally, the results showed that PFAE of Ag NPs for the high distance between ZnO nanorods is dependent on radiation angle; while for the low distance between ZnO nanorods it is free of radiation angle.  相似文献   

8.
The core-shell Zn–ZnO nanostructures were fabricated from Zn-powder embedded in graphite (i.e. carbon matrix) in a thin-films form by an inexpensive vacuum arc technique followed by laser ablation. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction pattern shows that intensity of Zn-peak decreases, and subtle ZnO-peak increasing with the increase in laser power. The high resolution transmission electron microscopic study clearly exhibits the formation of a core-shell nanostructure as fabricated by laser ablation. The emission characteristics of laser ablated (with different powers) samples show a strong exciton peak at 388 nm, and a few more weak peaks (due to weak defect states in the visible range). The optical absorption spectra were obtained from the excitonic peaks (from 344 nm to 317 nm) on decreasing laser power. These peaks occur due to the coupling of exciton absorption (from ZnO shell layer) and core metal interband absorption. The Zn–ZnO core-shell nanostructure is useful for nanophotonic applications.  相似文献   

9.
    
A novel strategy is used to design large‐scale polarized carbon‐based dielectric composites with sufficient interaction to electromagnetic waves. Highly uniform polar zinc oxide arrays are vertically grown on a flexible conductive carbon cloth substrate (CC@ZnO) via an in situ orientation growth process. Anion regulation is found to be a key factor to the morphology of hierarchical ZnO arrays including single‐rod, cluster and tetrapod‐shaped. As a typical dielectric loss hybrid composite, the electromagnetic parameters of the CC@ZnO system and charge density distribution in polarized ZnO rods confirm that the 3D intertwined carbon cloth is used as a conductive network to provide ballistic electron transportation. Moreover, the defect‐rich ZnO arrays are well in contact with the CC substrate, favoring interface polarization, multiscattering, as well as impedance matching. Surprisingly, the efficient absorption bandwidth of the CC@ZnO‐1 composite can reach 10.6 GHz, covering all X and Ku bands. The oriented ZnO possesses oxygen vacancies and exposure to a large amount of intrinsic polar surfaces, encouraging the polarization behavior under microwave frequency. Optimized CC@ZnO materials exhibit fast electron transportation, strong microwave energy dissipation, and superior wide absorption. The results suggest that the CC@ZnO composites have promising potential as flexible, tuning, and broadband microwave absorbers.  相似文献   

10.
使用Stober法水热反应制备球状SiO2@ZnO核壳结构,通过样品对罗丹明B水溶液的降解研究其光催化活性,使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能量色散谱(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV—vis)等测试手段对材料物性进行表征,结果表明,SiO2表面包覆的ZnO层结晶良好,且不与SiO2核发生反应,表面致密、厚度均匀,保持了SiO2微球体的形貌特征;球状SiO2@ZnO核壳结构的吸收边和紫外发光峰位置相比于ZnO均发生红移,禁带宽度减小;通过光催化实验分析可知,球状SiO2@ZnO核壳结构光催化剂对罗丹明B水溶液的降解率有所提高,光照3h其降解率高达11%。  相似文献   

11.
朱港  董长昆 《真空与低温》2023,36(4):339-347
镍合金材料在微波电子器件中被广泛应用,改善其吸波性能对提高器件工作特性具有重要意义。采用化学气相沉积方法并分别结合电泳沉积法和旋涂法在镍合金材料表面制备了一层MWNT/Fe3O4复合吸波薄膜,使其成为一种具有吸波特性的材料。研究表明,MWNT/Fe3O4复合薄膜材料可以提高镍合金的电磁波吸收性能。用旋涂法可以方便地将大量的Fe3O4纳米颗粒添加到碳纳米管网络中。对比吸波特性,用电泳沉积法制备的样品的最小反射损耗值为−0.18 dB,用旋涂法制备的样品的最小反射损耗值为−0.10 dB,这主要归因于电泳沉积法可以更加精细地调控复合薄膜材料中的Fe3O4含量,使材料的阻抗匹配效果达到最佳。  相似文献   

12.
本文研究了ZnOw与硅酸盐水泥复合材料在以150MHz和750MHz为中心的电磁波的透射特性,给出了定量数据结果。结果表明复合材料在上述频率中心对电磁波有着非常好的透波特性,这为新型材料的运用提供了广阔前景;同时还对数据结果进行了机理分析。  相似文献   

13.
张恒宇  陈剑英  肖红  王妮 《功能材料》2021,52(3):3067-3074
石墨烯和MXene作为两大新型二维材料,均具有高电导率、大比表面积,质轻等独特的结构与性能,近年来得到广泛的关注与研究,特别掀起对具有类石墨烯结构的MXene的研究热潮。对两者的结构、吸波性能及研究现状进行对比,归纳总结其单一材料、与碳纳米管、磁性粒子、导电聚合物、碳纤维复合材料在电磁吸波领域的研究,并提炼出两者的吸波机制与吸波材料的设计原则,期待可以为基于二维材料的“薄、轻、柔、宽”新型电磁吸波材料的设计研究提供思路。  相似文献   

14.
目的 随着材料科学的飞速发展,各类超材料以其独特的物理和化学性质,在众多科技前沿领域展现出巨大潜力。特别是具备电磁调控能力的超材料,在电磁吸波领域的应用尤为引人注目。文章旨在从不同材料体系出发,深入探讨碳基、磁性、金属基、陶瓷基及水基等电磁吸波超材料的最新研究进展,分析其独特的设计思路与应用特性。方法 首先,阐述碳基、磁性、金属基、陶瓷基及水基吸波超材料的结构与特性。接着,归纳并总结这些材料在电磁吸波超材料设计中的具体应用实例,包括结构设计、复合方式、性能优化等方面的方法与策略。通过对比分析了不同结构超材料在制备工艺和吸波性能方面的差异。结论 总结了当前电磁吸波超材料在材料选择、设计原理及实际应用中面临的主要挑战与问题。针对这些问题,提出了未来研究应重点关注的方向,包括新型吸波材料的开发、多材料复合与协同作用机制的研究,以及高性能低成本制备技术的探索等。这些研究方向将为电磁吸波超材料的持续创新与发展提供有力支撑,推动其在无线通信、电磁防护等领域的广泛应用。  相似文献   

15.
Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CNPs) sensitized zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZNRs) were synthesized in the two step deposition process at relatively low temperature. The vertically aligned ZNRs were grown on the conducting glass substrates (FTO) using aqueous chemical method, followed by the deposition of CNPs at 70 °C using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The samples were characterized by optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Further, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of ZNRs with and without CNPs sensitization was tested in Na2S-NaOH-S and Na2SO4 electrolyte, respectively. When the CNPs are coated on the ZNRs, the optical absorption is enhanced and band edge is shifted towards visible region (525 nm) as compared with ZNRs (375 nm). The sample sensitized with CNPs shows higher photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance with maximum short circuit current of (Isc) 2.60 mA/cm2.  相似文献   

16.
    
Developing carbon encapsulated magnetic composites with rational design of microstructure for achieving high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption in a facile, sustainable, and energy-efficiency approach is highly demanded yet remains challenging. Here, a type of N-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) encapsulated CoNi alloy nanocomposites with diverse heterostructures are synthesized via the facile, sustainable autocatalytic pyrolysis of porous CoNi-layered double hydroxide/melamine. Specifically, the formation mechanism of the encapsulated structure and the effects of heterogenous microstructure and composition on the EMW absorption performance are ascertained. With the presence of melamine, CoNi alloy emerges its autocatalysis effect to generate N-doped CNTs, leading to unique heterostructure and high oxidation stability. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces induce strong interfacial polarization to EMWs and optimize impedance matching characteristic. Combined with the inherent high conductive and magnetic loss capabilities, the nanocomposites accomplish a high-efficiency EMW absorption performance even at a low filling ratio. The minimum reflection loss of −84.0 dB at the thickness of 3.2 mm and a maximum effective bandwidth of 4.3 GHz are obtained, comparable to the best EMW absorbers. Integrated with the facile, controllable, and sustainable preparation approach of the heterogenous nanocomposites, the work shows a great promise of the nanocarbon encapsulation protocol for achieving lightweight, high-performance EMW absorption materials.  相似文献   

17.
随着现代科技的发展,电磁波辐射对人类的影响越来越大,在电子电路中释放的电磁波会破坏其他设备的性能并且损害人体健康,因此吸波材料的研究显得尤为重要。此外,具有优良电磁性能的复合吸波材料还可以用于制备飞行器隐身材料。这是因为高强度的微波吸收材料具有良好的介电损耗和磁性损耗,同时具有优越的阻抗匹配,而核壳结构的吸波材料是复合吸波材料中较为理想的材料。本文详细介绍了核壳结构吸波材料的合成方法,并根据核壳结构材料的分类及具体应用,阐述了近年来国内外核壳结构吸波材料的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

18.
以石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)和六水合硝酸钴为原料制备Co@CNT复合电磁波吸收剂,调节Co元素含量以提高其电磁波吸收性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段表征其微结构和物相组成,使用矢量网络分析仪测量复合物电磁参数并进行Matlab模拟得到反射损耗图。结果表明,Co@CNT-1与石蜡质量比为1:3的材料,其吸波性能最优,厚度为4.1 mm时对电磁波的吸收最强,最小反射损耗(RLmin)为-45.5 dB;厚度仅为1.5 mm的材料,有效吸收带宽(RL<-10 dB)最大为4.42 GHz。  相似文献   

19.
解帅  冀志江  杨洋  王静 《材料导报》2016,30(13):63-70
应用电磁波吸收建筑材料是改善建筑空间电磁环境的有效方法。随着电磁辐射污染日益严重,吸波建材已逐渐成为研究热点。综述了近几年吸波建材的研究方法与研究现状,将吸波建材归纳为吸波剂填充型和结构设计型两大类,并分别进行评述,提出了现有研究中存在的一些问题以及进一步的研究方向。\"轻、薄、宽、强\"仍然是吸波建材的发展方向,同时电磁波损耗机理还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

20.
刘然  章婷  赵谡玲  徐征  张福俊  李远  宋林  徐叙瑢 《功能材料》2008,39(3):488-489,493
采用3种不同的方法在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上沉积一层ZnO纳米晶薄膜,然后采用改进的水热法在制备有ZnO纳米晶薄膜的衬底上生长ZnO纳米棒,实现了纳米棒从无序到有序的生长.从XRD和SEM图可得,有序的纳米棒沿(002)择优取向,基本与衬底垂直,平均直径约为40nm.  相似文献   

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