校园供热节能控制系统研究与开发

介绍了针对校园冬季供暖的节能控制方法.根据校园供暖的特点和学校作息制度,采用分时分区供暖、室外温度和远端用户室内温度补偿进行优化,以达节能目的.在供暖控制系统中采用可编程序控制器(PLC),用于对现场数据采集和处理,并完成时现场供暖设备的自动控制,实现远端温度,室外温度,供暖时间补偿的节能优化方式.     

水循环泵节能控制方法在冬季供暖中的应用

介绍了冬季供暖水循环泵节能控制方法,采用了传统PID结合温度模糊控制和PWM的方法.可预设转折频率、转折延时、不同温度段脉冲频率上、下限值,节能控制柜根据出水管和回水管两者温差通过PID算法调节水泵运转频率,当水泵运转频率低于转折频率,转折延时后,采用PWM方式;若水泵运转频率高于转折频率,则进入模糊PID调节.PWM技术的应用,使得供暖温度能够结合室外大气温度进行实时调控.该方法在满足用户的温度需求前提下,可使水泵电机节能30%以上.     

变比例因子模糊控制器在链式锅炉中的应用

针对供暖负荷主要受室外温度的影响,提出根据室外温度和地区计算温度设定链条炉供水温度的方法。由于链式锅炉燃烧系统具有时变、大惯性、大时滞和非线性的特点,传统的PID很难控制,一般的模糊控制器虽能基本达到控制要求,但会存在比较大的稳态误差。采用新型的变比例因子模糊控制方法,使供水温度很好地跟踪室外温度的变化,不仅超调量小,且有满意的稳态精度。在某地区供热锅炉燃烧系统中应用,取得了很好的控制效果。     

基于测控网络的供暖节能控制系统

本文介绍了一种锅炉供暖节能控制系统，采用测控网络传输监测户外温度，通过控制循环水管中的热水流量，调节循环水温，保证住户室内温度保持在一个稳定的范围内，使整个供暖系统控制的室温按着预定的供暖曲线自动调节，满足了不同情况下的供暖需求。同时能够保存以往的供暖数据，便于进行统计分析。应用该系统既保证了舒适的供暖，又最大程度的节约了燃料，防止了过量供暖，降低了运行费用。     

分布式燃气热水供热PLC控制系统

分布式燃气热水供热系统具有灵活、经济、环保等特点。将自动化技术、控制技术和现场总线通信技术应用于分布式燃气热水供热系统,可以提高供热质量、节约能源。介绍了S7-1200系列PLC应用于分布式燃气热水供热系统的实现技术。阐述了控制系统结构、测控点设计、PLC硬件配置、控制器与变频器和室温传感器等智能设备通信连接。重点讨论了供热系统供水温度室外温度补偿质调节控制模型、室温反馈修正的质调节控制模型,以及供暖供水温度控制、供热循环泵压差变频控制、定压补水控制和供水管道泄压控制策略。根据确定的控制策略,设计了PLC供暖系统控制程序。实际运行表明,该控制系统运行稳定、操作智能简便,保证了供热质量,节约了能源,降低了供热运行成本,具有广泛的应用前景。     

校园热力网分布式监控系统的研究

介绍了在气候补偿系统,对组合式换热机组的运行参数进行实时监控.及在典型楼宇安装楼宇分时分温控制系统,实现供热系统供水温度随室外温度的自动气候补偿.分析可节能约20％.     

汽水板式换热过程区间串级智能控制方法

汽水板式换热过程是以蒸汽阀门开度为输入,以蒸汽流量为内环输出,以供水温度为外环输出的强非线性串级工业过程,受到室外温度和厂区热用户放水的随机干扰,导致供水温度和蒸汽流量大范围波动.本文针对处于干扰环境下的具有不确定性和强非线性串级工业过程,将前馈补偿、串级PI控制和规则推理区间补偿控制相结合,提出了由外环供水温度前馈PI控制、内环蒸汽流量PI控制的串级控制与规则推理的内外环设定值区间补偿控制组成的区间串级智能控制方法,并成功应用于某选矿厂的汽水板式换热过程,工业应用结果表明所提出的方法在室外温度和热用户放水的随机干扰下,可以将供水温度和蒸汽流量同时控制在工艺要求的范围内.     

自动供暖控制系统

目前的供暖大多采用燃煤、燃油或燃气等方式,对煤炭、电力、热力的消耗是巨大的。为节约能源,自动供暖系统应运而生。本作品只需提供极少能源便可实现自动控制和温度调节,达到舒适节能的效果。     

LOGO模糊控制变工况运行在供暖节能中的应用

冬季供暖,锅炉和用户侧之间通过热力管网连接,用户侧的调节对于管网的水力工况影响较大,为此需要采用一种中间级调控方式来协调锅炉与用户侧的调控难题,具有分布控制,分布管理,集中见效的特点,选择换热站作为调控的入口点,在供暖的不同时期,不同工况,供暖的温度以及供暖的流量都是一个变化值,这个值要是控制得当,就能达到既节能又省电的目的。     

声表面波压力传感器温度误差及补偿方法研究

要提高声表面波压力传感器的测量精确度，温度补偿是主要难题。尽管目前有许多补偿方法，但其效果不佳。采用软件方法进行温度补偿的研究在国内外已成热点，但选用神经网络对SAW压力传感器进行温度补偿尚罕见报道。本文以CSF-10型SAW压力传感器为研究对象，通过理论分析和实验，得到了SAW压力传感器的温度特性曲线，又经现场实际操作，BP神经网络对SAW压力传感器温度补偿的效果良好，充分表明了应用神经网络在提高声表面波测量精度方面是行之有效的方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.