绿色化学和绿色淬火介质

从绿色化学的12条原则出发,分析了绿色淬火介质的生产和使用的重要性.绿色淬火介质是指在满足使用要求的前提下,能被降解且不危害生态环境的淬火介质.矿物油基淬火油在使用中会产生有害物质,且废油难以降解,不属于绿色淬火介质.通过加氢处理、改进添加剂配方及废油再生可以减少矿物油基淬火油对环镜的危害.然而,开发、生产及使用植物油...     

液态淬火介质的两个共性的缺点及对策

适用范围有限和工件淬火变形大是液态淬火剂的两个带有共性的缺点,提出了克服第一个缺点即扩大液态淬火剂的应用范围的8种技术措施,指出,工件的淬火变形量除淬火介质的冷却速度外,还与其特性温度有关,应选用特性温度稳定的介质淬火。     

防老化剂对大豆油和棕榈油基淬火剂耐氧化性和淬火冷却性能的影响(英文)

尽管以往已有过关于多种植物油的淬火冷却性能的报道,但有关防老化剂对这些油的耐氧化性和初期淬火冷却性能的影响的报道却不多见。本文评估了两种饱和度有很大差异的常用油即大豆油和棕榈油,其相对耐氧化性对淬火冷却性能的影响,并测定了常用的市场有售的常用防老化剂对这些油的防老化效果。除了测定相对耐氧化性外,还通过冷却曲线分析进一步评述了防老化剂对大豆油和棕榈油的初期淬火冷却性能的影响。     

对自来水作为淬火介质的两大缺点的研究

从自来水淬火时工件容易淬裂、硬度不均且畸变大等现象，列出了自来水作为淬火介质的两大缺点：一是低温冷却速度太快，二是冷却特性对水温变化太敏感。分析了自来水第二大缺点引起淬火硬度不均和畸变的原因。通过与气态介质的对比，指出了液态淬火介质共同的两类缺点：一是任何确定的液态介质，其冷却速度的可调节范围都很有限，以致同一个车间必须配备普通淬火油、中速淬火油和高速淬火油，才能满足不同工件的需要；二是工件从蒸汽膜阶段到沸腾阶段期间，冷却速度突然增大，可能引起较大的淬火畸变。提供了克服液态淬火介质第二类缺点的七类技术方法。     

新型水溶性淬火剂的性能及应用效果

介绍了新研制成功的淬火剂的冷却性能，工艺特性和耐老化性能，并用于汽车零件替代油淬火，获得了比较满意的应用效果，且价格较油和同类水溶性淬火介质低。     

淬火介质(二)

正淬火介质又称淬火剂,淬火介质有固态的(靠热传导)、液态的或气态的,主要是液态的。可分为无物态变化型和有物态变化型两大类:前者多半用于分级淬火和等温淬火,主要靠介质的传导和对流带走工件的热量,冷却能力决定于介质本身的热容,热导、流动性等物理性质,以及工件与介质间的温差。常用的有碱浴、硝盐浴和铅浴。后者按成份又可分为水基型和油基型;按冷却特性可分为非形成薄膜型,淬火过程中工件表面不产生沉积层,和形成薄膜型,淬火时在工件表面迅速形成一层覆膜,冷却     

淬火介质（二）

淬火介质又称淬火剂,淬火介质有固态的（靠热传导）、液态的或气态的,主要是液态的。可分为无物态变化型和有物态变化型两大类：前者多半用于分级淬火和等温淬火,主要靠介质的传导和对流带走工件的热量,冷却能力决定于介质本身的热容,热导、流动性等物理性质,以及工件与介质间的温差。常用的有碱浴、硝盐浴和铅浴。后者按成份又可分为水基型和油基型;     

水溶性淬火介质KR9180在弹条扣件淬火中的工艺试验

介绍了水溶性PVP类有机淬火介质KR9180的特性,并使用浓度为15%的KR9180淬火剂对弹条扣件进行了淬火试验。结果表明,用浓度为15%的KR9180水溶性淬火剂代替油淬火,弹条扣件的硬度、显微组织及疲劳性能均能满足技术要求。     

淬火油的淬火烈度分类

钢的淬火是最常见的热处理工艺之一，淬火的目的是为了获得马氏体组织，使之具有优良的硬度和强度。最常见的淬火介质有水溶液、聚合物溶液和矿物油。在整个淬火剂市场中，估计矿物油占了80％的份额。在巴西，人们对淬火油及其冷却特性的了解不够，因此作者试图确定淬火油的适用性及其分类。     

聚合物淬火剂及其应用

聚合物淬火剂在环境保护、生产成本及应用等方面具有突出的优点.目前,工业上应用的聚合物淬火剂主要有PAG、PEO、PVP和ACR等,其结构和性能不同,因而应用场合不同.聚合物淬火剂的冷却机制与淬火油大致相同,其冷却速度介于水和油之间.聚合物淬火剂还有其独到之处,如特性温度较高,冷却过程中不出现膜沸腾期,从而改善了淬火剂对...     

Comparison of Oxidation Stability and Quenchant Cooling Curve Performance of Soybean Oil and Palm Oil

The potential use of vegetable oil-derived industrial oils continues to be of great interest because vegetable oils are relatively non-toxic, biodegradable, and they are a renewable basestock alternative to petroleum oil. However, the fatty ester components containing conjugated double bonds of the triglyceride structure of vegetable oils typically produce considerably poorer thermal-oxidative stability than that achievable with petroleum basestocks under typical use conditions. Typically, these conditions involve furnace loads of hot steel (850 °C), which are rapidly immersed and cooled to bath temperatures of approximately 50-60 °C. This is especially true when a vegetable oil is held in an open tank with agitation and exposed to air at elevated temperatures for extended periods of time (months or years). This paper will describe the thermal-oxidative stability and quenching performance of soybean oil and palm oil and the resulting impact on the heat transfer coefficient. These results are compared to typical fully formulated, commercially available accelerated (fast) and an unaccelerated (slow) petroleum oil-based quenchants.     

Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Evaluation of Oxidative Stabilization and Metal Quenching/Heat Transfer Performance

Vegetable and animal oils as a class of fluids have been used for hundreds of years, if not longer, as quenchants for hardening steel. However, when petroleum oils became available in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the use of these fluids as quenchants, in addition to their use in other industrial oil applications, quickly diminished. This was primarily, but not exclusively, due to their generally very poor thermal-oxidative instability and the difficulty for formulating fluid analogs with varying viscosity properties. Interest in the use of renewable fluids, such as vegetable oils, has increased dramatically in recent years as alternatives to the use of relatively non-biodegradable and toxic petroleum oils. However, the relatively poor thermal-oxidative stability has continued to be a significant reason for their general non-acceptance in the marketplace. Soybean oil (SO) is one of the most highly produced vegetable oils in Brazil. Currently, there are commercially produced epoxidized versions of SO which are available. The objective of this paper is to discuss the potential use of epoxidized SO and its heat transfer properties as a viable alternative to petroleum oils for hardening steel.     

Heat Transfer Properties of a Series of Oxidized and Unoxidized Vegetable Oils in Comparison with Petroleum Oil-Based Quenchants

Vegetable oils, especially soybean oil, exhibit substantially poorer thermal-oxidative stability than commercially available petroleum oil quenchant formulations. Therefore, to achieve any commercially interesting performance, vegetable oils must be stabilized by the addition of antioxidant inhibitors. This work describes the ability of two commercially available antioxidants, Irganox L 57 and Irganox L 109, to stabilize soybean oil against thermal-oxidative degradation. In addition, the effect of antioxidant stabilization on quenching performance was evaluated by determining the profile of heat transfer coefficient variation throughout the quenching process at different times after being subjected to an accelerated thermal-oxidation aging test. The results of this work are discussed here.     

矿物淬火油及其应用

目前,矿物淬火油仍在广泛应用.矿物淬火油通过加氢精炼去除S、N、O及某些金属元素是提高其淬火冷却性能和使用寿命的主要手段.矿物淬火油的冷却特性与冷却过程中膜沸腾阶段、核沸腾阶段和对流阶段的温度范围及添加剂等因素有关.指出了矿物淬火油的选用依据,如合乎要求的闪点,较低的油污形成倾向,不锈蚀工件,合适的传热性能等.简述了矿...     

IFHTSE Global 21: heat treatment and surface engineering in the twenty-first century

Abstract

Quenching technology represents a critically important component of heat treatment that can impact on the quality, productivity and profitability of manufacturing practice. After providing a historical context, a number of technologies that represent important advances and which point the way for future step changes in quenching technology are briefly reviewed here and include: computational fluid dynamics modelling and simulation of quench system design, gas quenching, time quenching, alternately timed quenching technology, intensive quenching, metal/quenchant interfacial characterisation methodologies, and development of nanoquenchant and vegetable oil quenchants.     

两种水溶性淬火介质对弹簧钢淬火效果的研究

考察了水溶性淬火介质ＭＣ和ＬＡ对６０Ｓｉ２ＭｎＡ钢的淬火效果，结果表明，其淬透程度和力学性能均达到或超过了油淬的水平；在合适的介质浓度和操作条件下，淬裂和变形人同很小，基本与油淬相当。因此，用其代替油作为６０Ｓｉ２ＭｎＡ钢的淬火介质是可行的。     

UCON E型淬火介质在大模块工件上的应用

测定和分析了包括UCONE在内的几种冷却介质的冷却速度,讨论了UCONE淬火剂的应用技术问题,如介质浓度、温度以及消耗量和环境因素等。结果表明,UCONE水基淬火剂在低温区的冷却性能接近油,可作为油的代用介质。经多年生产实践,证明浓度为15％的UCONE水基淬火剂可用于模具钢、结构钢等大件的淬火处理,并取得良好的效果。