FGH96合金原始颗粒边界(PPB)及其对冲击性能的影响

对Ar雾化(AA) FGH96合金的原始粉末颗粒表面、热等静压(HIP)和HIP+热处理(HT)后的合金断口分别进行俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析,并利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对HIP态合金及HIP+ HT态合金进行组织观察.结果表明:HIP态合金的PPB析出相主要由MC型碳化物和尺寸为1～5μm的大γ相所组成;HIP态合金的夏比冲击断口是沿着PPB的位置断裂的,而HIP+ HT态合金的冲击断口的断裂方式是穿晶断裂,呈韧-脆混合断裂的形式;HIP+ HT态合金基本消除了PPB缺陷组织,冲击性能得到明显提高.     

快速凝固Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金的显微组织和析出过程

利用X射线衍射、DSC、透射电镜和能谱分析研究了快速凝固Al 4Cu Mg 3Fe 4Ni (质量分数 )合金急冷态和退火态的显微组织 ,同时测定了该合金的显微硬度。结果表明 :快凝合金急冷态组织为过饱和α Al基固溶体和Al3 Ni相 ;当快凝合金经 4 0 0℃× 1h处理后 ,有少量S相 (CuMgAl2 )析出 ;快凝合金经 4 0 0℃× 9h处理后 ,出现了FeNiAl9弥散相 ;在合金组织中未见Al Cu Fe和Al Cu Ni相。随时效时间的增加 ,快凝合金的显微硬度不断增加 ,达到峰值后硬度缓慢下降 ,之后随FeNiAl9析出硬度又重新增加。     

2D70耐热铝合金铸态组织研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、X射线物相分析、透射电子显微镜研究了2D70耐热铝合金半连续铸锭的铸态组织.研究结果表明:2D70耐热铝合金铸态组织为粗大枝晶组织,枝晶间蜂窝状共晶相为AL,A12CuMg/A12Cu,合金中含有大量块状相和条状相,能谱分析显示为含Fe,Ni相,铸态合金中Cu,Fe,Ni元素偏析严重.合金铸态相主要为а(Al),S(Al2CuMg),0(Al2Cu),Al7Cu2Fe,Al7Cu4Ni,Al9FeNi相.     

烧结态硬质合金的HIP处理

试验表明 ,用测密度的方法来判定烧结态YG系列等硬质合金制品内有无孔隙是不准确的。通过对WC Co、WC Ni、WC Ni Co系列合金热等静压 (HIP)前后组织和性能变化的分析 ,论述了HIP工艺在粉末冶金工业中的重要地位和意义。     

铸态及快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni储氢合金的微结构与电化学性能

首先采用二步熔炼法制备了铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合储氢合金,然后在不同快淬速度下对铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金进行快淬处理,获得一系列不同快淬速度的快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合储氢合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM/EDS)和电化学测试方法研究了所有合金的微结构和电化学性能。微结构分析表明,铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金由LaNi_5和少量的Mg_2Ni相组成。而铸态复合合金经快淬处理后,合金中少量的Mg_2Ni相消失,同时有LaNi_3和极少量的La2Ni3新相形成。快淬态合金中的Mg元素主要以固溶形式优先存在于富稀土LaNi_3相中,形成(La,Mg)Ni_3相。电化学分析表明,恰当的快淬处理能使Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金的活化性能、最大放电容量、放电特性和循环稳定性得到改善。但快淬速度太大,上述性能均有变坏趋势。当快淬速度为15 m·s-1时,Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金具有最大的放电容量,此时合金的最大放电容量为303.5 m Ah·g~(-1),比铸态合金的最大放电容量增大了3.3%;快淬速度为20 m·s~(-1)时,复合合金的循环稳定性最佳,80次循环后的容量保持率为98.3%,比铸态合金的容量保持率增大了11.9%。     

NiCu_(30)泡沫合金的制备及压缩性能研究

采用分层电镀及热处理合金化制备工艺制备NiCu_(30)泡沫合金,以孔密度为45ppi的NiCu_(30)泡沫合金为研究对象,研究了表观密度对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:经扩散热处理,Ni和Cu穿过镀层界面相互扩散,形成(Ni,Cu)奥氏体固溶体结构;850℃热处理16h后,泡沫骨架内Ni和Cu元素分布趋于均匀化;相同条件下(45ppi、0.647g/cm~3),NiCu_(30)泡沫合金的屈服强度σ_y~-比泡沫Ni和泡沫Cu分别提高了1.8倍和1倍,固溶强化是σ_y~*升高的主要原因;确定了NiCu_(30)泡沫合金表观密度ρ~*与屈服强度σ_y~*之间的关系式,受电镀制备工艺影响,45ppi试样的拟合值α和m小于Gibson-Ashby公式范围最小值。     

镍基粉末高温合金中的夹杂物

介绍了用等离子旋转电极法(PREP)制造的镍基高温合金粉末中的夹杂物及其对热等静压(HIP)和[热等静压 锻造(F)]成形件组织和性能的影响。通过掺夹杂物试验结果，系统阐述了尺寸为50～500μm的不同类型夹杂物在HIP和(HIP F)态的形貌及其对粉末高温合金低周疲劳寿命的影响，并提出了去除和控制夹杂物的有效措施。     

HIP技术对钨合金材料性能的影响

探讨了密度不同的82W-Ni-Cu(Ⅰ),82W-Ni-Cu(Ⅱ)以及82W-Ni-Cu-Ag合金,于1020,1070,1120,1170℃进行HIP技术处理后合金性能的变化规律,W-Ni-Cu合金在1120℃,W-Ni-Cu-Ag合金在1020℃经HIP技术处理后,拉伸强度分别提高了2.613％,8.191％和3.279％,密度提高0.498％,2.889％和0.676％。     

稀土元素Ce对铸态Cu-Si-Ni合金组织号陛能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ce的不同加入量对铸态Cu—Si—Ni合金电导率、硬度和组织的影响。研究结果表明：稀土元素Ce能净化铜基体、细化晶粒、提高cu—si—Ni合金的电导率及硬度,当稀土元素Ce的加入量为0．06％时Cu—Si—Ni合金的电导率和硬度最高。     

粉末粒度和氧含量对HIP态FGH96合金组织的影响

对氩气雾化法制备的高温合金FGH96粉末进行了热等静压(HIP)处理,分析了粉末粒度和氧含量对HIP态合金组织的影响,研究了FGH96合金组织中PPB的类型、相结构和形成机制。结果表明,氩气雾化FGH96粉末的氧含量较低,平均氧含量约为50×10-6,随着粉末粒度降低,颗粒比表面积增大,促进了粉末氧含量的升高;粉末经HIP处理后氧含量具有遗传特征,原始粉末氧含量越高,HIP态合金氧含量也越高,且平均氧含量增至83×10-6;粉末尺寸和氧含量对合金致密化行为无明显影响,HIP态合金密度约为8.33 g·cm-3。小尺寸粉末制备的HIP态合金原始颗粒边界主要析出ZrO2和MC碳化物,而大尺寸粉末制备的HIP态合金原始颗粒边界主要析出大尺寸花瓣状γ’相和少量MC碳化物。粉末粒度和氧含量影响PPB析出,小尺寸粉末因氧含量高经HIP处理时颗粒边界处存在更多、尺寸更大稳定的ZrO2,ZrO2成为MC碳化物析出形核的核心,促进了大量MC碳化物的析出。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.