无压烧结Al2O3/B4C复合材料的组织与性能

利用金相显微镜、SEM、抗折试验机和维氏硬度计研究了无压 烧结Al2O3/B4C陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能。结果表明，B4C可细化Al2O3材料的晶粒，提高材料的机械性能，当B4C的质量分数为10％时，材料的抗折强度最高为560MPa，当B4C的质量分数为21．5％时，材料的维氏硬度最高可达22．1GPa。文中还对材料的氧化性能 进行了研究。     

液态铝润湿性的研究

本主介绍了液态铝润湿性的测量原理、测量装置，介绍了国内外学者研究铝液对Al2O3、B4C、AlN等不同材料潮湿性的情况。     

含B2O3的Al2O3—Fe2O3基无氟复合造渣剂的试验研究

在杭钢炼钢厂40t转炉上进行了含B2O3的Al2O3-Fe2O3基无氟复合造渣剂的工业性试验。试验结果表明其冶金特性良好;能提前0.5~1.0min化渣;全程化渣好,基本上不喷溅,不"返干"、不"粘枪";钢铁料、石灰等消耗有所降低。本文还探讨了Al2O3与B2O3化渣机理的有关问题。     

掺杂Nb2O5对RHP合成Al2O3-TiAl复合材料的影响

采用反应热压(RHP)工艺,利用Ti、Al、TiO2及Nb2O5之间的放热反应,在较低温度下制备了Nb2O5强化Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助XRD、OM及SEM等手段,考察了Nb2O5对Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的相分布及组织结构的影响.结果表明:材料产物由γ-TiAl、α2-Ti3Al、Al2O3和NbAl3相构成,Al2O3颗粒分布于基体交界处,存在一定的偏聚.Nb2O5的引入,使得γ-TiAl相含量减少,α2-Ti3Al相含量增大;基体晶粒有所细化,且分布逐渐趋于均匀.当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,组织主要由α2-Ti3Al/γ-TiAl层片状晶团组成,出现了较完整的γ-TiAl晶粒,属于近片层(NL)组织结构,层片状晶团的尺寸小于50μm,γ晶粒尺寸小于5μm.力学性能测试表明,当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593MPa,硬度为4.77 GPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.93MPa·m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能.     

化学镀Al2O3/Cu复合粉烧结体的组织研究

采用化学镀法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合粉体,将复合粉体在160MPa的压力下保压5nin压制,在1 000℃保温1h、N2保护烧结,得到体积分数为50％的Al2O3p/Cu复合材料.通过SEM对复合粉体的形貌和复合材料的断口进行观察,通过光学显微镜对复合材料组织进行观察,通过能谱仪对复合材料中颗粒和基体的界面进行成分分析,并对其密度和热膨胀系数进行测定,结果表明:复合材料中Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,与Cu基体结合良好;复合材料相对密度为88.6％,100 ～ 300°C的热膨胀系数在(8.7～14.3) ×10-6/K之间.     

Effect of B_2O_3 on Melting Temperature of CaO-Based Ladle Refining Slag

B2O3 is selected as fluxing agent of CaO-based ladle refining slag to decrease the melting temperature as well as to improve the speed of slag forming and the refining efficiency.The effects of B2O3 on the melting temperature of two series of refining slags including the low basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 3-4)and the high basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 5-8.75)were investigated.The slag melting temperature was measured using the hemisphere method.The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2 and Al2O3.For the CaO-based refining slag with low basicity,the melting temperature is decreased effectively when B2O3 is used to substitute for equal mass of CaF2,Al2O3 and SiO2,respectively.For the CaO-based refining slag with high basicity,when CaF2 is substituted by B2O3,the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably.Especially,when the mass ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 are in the range of 1.1-4.0 and 5.25-8.0,respectively,the slag melting temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.Therefore,the B2O3-containing refining slags with high ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 have ultra low melting temperature.     

Evolution of inclusions in Ti stabilized ultra low carbon steel(Ti-IF) steel

The morphologies evolution of various types of inclusions in Ti-IF steel were observed by a special depth erosion method,and the formation and evolution process were discussed.The results showed that the main inclusions were FeO·xMnO before Al deoxidization and the ratio of integrated oxygen and free oxygen was in ranged of 0.3 to 0.4.In present study,the main effect factors on the morphologies of Al₂O₃ inclusions were [Al]/[O]_Free（soluble aluminum divide free oxygen） and initial free oxygen;cluster Al₂O₃ was formed easily with high free oxygen([O]_Free) and low[Al]/[O]（blew 3 in present study）.Otherwise,the dendritic Al₂O₃ was formed;coral-like Al₂O₃ was the mixture of the dendrite Al₂O₃ and spherical Al₂O₃.Some Al₂O₃·TiO_x inclusions appeared because a high[Ti]concentration region existed around 70TiFe（containing 70 percent titanium） particles after 70TiFe addition.The maximum sizes of Al₂O₃ reached 800μm when 3 min aluminum was added;as the time past,the large size Al₂O₃ decreased significantly;the maximum size of Al₂O₃ was blew 100μm and 50μm in calming sample and tundish sample respectively.     

原位合成TiB2对B4C/2024Al合金复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

在B4C粉末中加入5%高纯TiO2,经过压制和烧结制备B4C-TiB2陶瓷预制体,然后在氩气气氛中1 200℃下浸渗2024铝合金制得B4C-TiB2/Al合金复合材料。对该复合材料进行力学性能测试、X射线衍射分析、显微组织观察和断口分析。结果表明:该复合材料主要由B4C,Al,Al3BC和AlB2相组成,原位合成的TiB2使B4C/Al合金复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性显著提高,分别达到361 MPa和7.49 MPa m1/2,增幅分别为14.6%和11.5%,但密度变化很小。原位合成TiB2使B4C/Al合金复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性提高主要来源于金属铝塑性变形的裂纹桥接机制、TiB2细化晶粒及微裂纹引起的主裂纹偏转分叉机制。     

金属钛表面Na2B4O7-Al熔盐渗硼

分别以熔融Na2B4O7和Na2B4O7+Al为渗硼剂,在钛金属表面渗硼,以期获得含TiB2和TiB双层结构的硼化层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析涂层表面的物相结构。结果表明,单独以Na2B4O7作为渗硼剂时基体表面没有生成硼化物,主要生成Na2Ti4O8。在Na2B4O7中添加10%Al(质量分数)后,钛表面有明显的TiB2和TiB生成。温度升高有利于TiB2的生成,但会抑制TiB的生成。热力学分析表明,与单独用Na2B4O7做渗硼剂相比,以Na2B4O7+Al为渗硼剂时生成活性B原子的反应趋势较大,因而活性B原子的浓度较高。动力学分析表明,低温时由于B原子在TiB相中的扩散速度大于其在TiB2相和Ti相中的扩散速度,因而有TiB和TiB2生成。高温时由于B原子在Ti相中的扩散速度大于其在TiB相中的扩散速度,因而主要生成TiB2。     

La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3(p)/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助XRD, SEM分析及力学性能测试, 分析了La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响, 探讨了稀土氧化物（La2O3, Ce2O3）的细化机制. 研究结果表明： 掺杂稀土氧化物后产物由γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al双相、 Al2O3及Al4La或Al4Ce相组成;Al2O3颗粒分布于晶界处, 使基体晶粒得以细化;引入稀土元素后材料的密度明显增强, 氧化铝的团聚现象减弱. 力学性能测试表明, La2O3, Ce2O3的引入, 有效改善了复合材料的力学性能, 尤其是掺杂Ce2O3后, 材料的抗弯强度比未掺杂时提高了160%以上.