聚环氧琥珀酸多元阻垢分散性能的研究

聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)是一种新型的可生物降解的水处理化学品。通过对两种不同级别原料合成的PESA在不同的加药量、不同硬度和不同碱度等条件下进行阻垢分散性能比较试验发现,PESA1(分析级)对CaCO3垢的阻垢性能略优于PESAⅡ(工业级)。通过对CaCO3、CaSO4、BaSO4、SrSO4、CaF2的阻垢实验和对氧化铁分散性能的实验,对PESA的阻垢分散效果进行了评价。结果表明：在实验条件下,PESA对BaSO4、SrSO4垢阻垢效果优异,对CaSO4、CaF2垢阻垢效果较好;PESA对氧化铁具有很强的分散能力。     

3种阻垢剂的阻垢性能测试及动力学研究

用静态阻垢法对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)、马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物(MA/AA)的阻垢性能进行测试,对温度和浓度以及3种阻垢剂的动力学和最佳活化温度进行研究。研究结果表明:PASP、PESA分别在70、75℃对碳酸钙垢具有较高的阻垢率,但MA/AA的阻垢效果远大于PASP、PESA,MA/AA存在剂量效应。从3种阻垢剂的动力学研究和笼蔽效应来看,PASP和PESA为扩散控制,而MA/AA为活化控制。     

PAA—PESA对阻Ca3（PO4）2垢性能的评定

通过对磷酸钙的静态阻垢实验,对PESA—PAA的阻垢效果进行了评价。结果表明,PAA—PESA有良好的阻磷酸钙垢效果。综合实际考虑在80℃,浓缩时间10h,PAA和PESA加入量分别为2mL和10mL时,阻垢率最理想。在浓缩时间和浓缩温度一定的情况下,随着阻垢液的加入量的增加,阻垢率随之升高;在浓缩时间和阻垢液的加入量的一定的情况下,阻垢率在80℃之前是呈上升趋势,在80℃达到最高,在80℃之后随着温度的上升而降低;在浓缩温度和阻垢液的加入量一定的情况下,阻垢率随着浓缩时间的增加而降低。     

一类绿色环保阻垢剂的合成及阻垢性能研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,通过环氧化反应和阴离子逐步聚合的方法,分两步合成了一种无磷、生物降解性好的环保型阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸钠(PESA)。采用正交试验确定了PESA的最佳合成工艺条件:引发剂的用量为占单体质量分数的0.7%,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为3h;此条件下,PESA对碳酸钙的阻垢率可达85%以上。红外光谱表征的结果表明,合成产品的结构与理论结构相符。PESA与聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)具有良好的协同阻垢效果,当添加浓度为20mg·L-1时,阻垢率可达90%以上。     

电厂循环水绿色水处理剂阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

采用静态阻垢法、静态挂片法、极化曲线法对绿色水处理剂聚天冬氨酸和聚环氧琥珀酸的缓蚀阻垢性能进行了研究,初步探讨了其缓蚀阻垢机理。通过静态阻垢实验结果可知,聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢性能好于聚天冬氨酸(PASP),当聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)和PASP质量浓度达到8mg/L之后阻垢率基本维持在一个水平;通过静态挂片实验结果可以看出PASP的最佳质量浓度为50mg/L,PESA的最佳质量浓度为40mg/L;通过极化曲线法可知PASP和PESA均属于抑制阳极型水处理剂。     

一种环保型阻垢缓蚀剂的性能

以聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）、聚丙烯酸（PAA）、水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）、苯并三氮唑（BTA）为原料,研制出一种新型具有环保功能的复合型高效阻垢缓蚀剂。通过正交试验确定该阻垢缓蚀剂中各组分的最佳浓度为：PESA(1.0 mg/L)/PAA(1.0 mg/L)/HPMA (0.6 mg/L)/BTA(0.5 mg/L)。分别采用鼓泡法、电化学试验和旋转挂片腐蚀试验研究了其阻垢缓蚀性能。试验结果表明,该阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢率为92%,对A3碳钢、铜、不锈钢的缓蚀率分别达到了83%、97%、99%,动态模拟试验结果也显示该阻垢缓蚀剂满足循环冷却水运行要求。     

铝系絮凝剂残留对SW203海水阻垢剂性能的影响

为了研究海水循环冷却系统中水处理药剂之间的兼容性,联合采用混凝沉淀试验和静态阻垢试验模拟海水循环冷却水处理过程,考察了海水净化处理过程中聚合氯化铝(PAC)和硫酸铝(AS)残留对SW203海水阻垢剂性能的影响。试验结果表明:海水浓缩倍数为1.5和2.0时,PAC残留和AS残留对SW203的阻垢性均具有抑制作用,但AS对SW203的抑制程度要弱于PAC。这种抑制作用可能是絮凝剂中的Al3+(以水合离子形式存在)替代Ca2+和Mg2+与SW203发生了螯合反应和阈值效应的结果,但因为AS主要水解出负离子羟基配合物而使它对SW203的抑制程度弱于PAC。此外,PAC残留能在加热浓缩过程中形成利于微生物滋生的絮体团块,从而增加了循环水系统污垢形成和微生物腐蚀的可能性。     

含磺酸基聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物的合成及性能研究

以环氧琥珀酸（ESA）、衣康酸（IA）和苯乙烯磺酸钠（SS）为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过共聚反应得到含有羧基和磺酸基的三元共聚物ESA/IA/SS,利用IR对其结构进行了表征。考察了单体质量比、引发剂含量、聚合温度和聚合时间对共聚物阻碳酸钙性能的影响。实验结果显示：ESA/IA/SS的最佳合成条件为m(MA):m(IA)=3:1,w(SS)=20%(占单体总质量,下同),w(引发剂)=12%,聚合温度85 oC,聚合时间4 h,此时得到的产品黏均分子量为1176.3。对ESA/IA/SS的阻垢分散性能进行了测定,并与ESA/SS和聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）进行了比较。实验结果表明：ESA/IA/SS与PESA的阻碳酸钙性能相当,当加药量为50 mg/L时,PESA的阻垢率为72.3%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为71.5%,比ESA/SS高27.3%。ESA/IA/SS的阻磷酸钙性能远高于PESA,当加药量为40 mg/L时,PESA的阻垢率仅为7.0%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为96.8%。同时,ESA/IA/SS还具有一定的分散氧化铁性能,加药后FeCl3溶液的透光率为72.6%。     

含磺酸基聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物的合成及性能

以环氧琥珀酸(ESA)、衣康酸(IA)和苯乙烯磺酸钠(SS)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过共聚反应得到了含有羧基和磺酸基的三元共聚物ESA/IA/SS,利用FTIR对其结构进行了表征。考察了单体质量比、引发剂用量、聚合温度和聚合时间对ESA/IA/SS阻碳酸钙垢性能的影响。实验结果显示:ESA/IA/SS的最佳合成条件为m(马来酸酐,MA)∶m(IA)=3∶1,SS的加量为20%(占单体总质量,下同),引发剂的加量为12%,聚合温度85℃,聚合时间4 h,此时得到的产品黏均相对分子质量为1 176.3。对ESA/IA/SS的阻垢和分散氧化铁性能进行了测定,并与ESA/SS和聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)进行了比较。实验结果表明:当阻垢剂的质量浓度均为50 mg/L时,ESA/IA/SS与PESA的阻碳酸钙垢性能相当,PESA的阻垢率为72.3%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为71.5%,而ESA/SS的阻垢率仅为44.2%。当阻垢剂的质量浓度均为40 mg/L时,ESA/IA/SS的阻磷酸钙垢性能远高于PESA,PESA的阻垢率仅为7.0%,ESA/IA/SS的阻垢率为96.8%。同时,当加入阻垢剂的质量浓度为30 mg/L时,ESA/IA/SS还具有一定的分散氧化铁性能,加药后Fe Cl3溶液的透光率为72.6%。     

聚环氧琥珀酸共聚物阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

以马来酸酐(MA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料合成了一种绿色阻垢缓蚀剂聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(PESA/AMPS),利用EDTA滴定法和分光光度法测定Ca~(2+)浓度,考察了其对Ca CO_3和Ca_3(PO_4)_2的阻垢性能,利用扫描电镜(SEM)研究其阻垢原理,极化曲线研究其缓蚀机理。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。