离子交换法去除选矿循环水中SO_4~(2-)的研究

采用离子交换法脱除选矿循环水中SO42-,考察了SO42-初始浓度、运行流量、树脂层高度及水温对模拟废水中SO42-去除效果的影响,并在最佳工艺条件下对实际选矿循环水进行了试验验证。结果表明:各运行条件对废水中SO42-的去除效果影响均较小,在不同试验条件下,SO42-去除率均保持在90%以上。在流量为45 L/h、树脂层高度为78 cm的条件下处理实际选矿循环水,出水中SO42-浓度、pH值、浊度和色度均达到GB/T 19923—2005《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》的要求。     

两级UASB反应器处理制药废水的试验研究

在中温(37±2℃)条件下,采用有效容积为3 L的UASB厌氧反应器处理含高浓硫酸盐的制药废水,采用两级厌氧处理,一级主要脱除SO42-,二级主要去除COD,经过3个月的驯化,水力停留时间为24 h,一级厌氧在COD/SO42-=2.5～3条件下,COD容积负荷可达到9.5 kgCOD/(m3·d),SO42-容积负荷可达到3.6 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率约20%,SO42-去除去除率能达到65%,出水COD/SO42-比值约为7～8;二级厌氧COD容积负荷可达到7.5 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率能达到75%;系统COD总去除率可达到80%,SO42-总去除率可达到65%以上;本试验研究为利用UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水提供参考依据。     

SRB法处理高浓度硫酸盐废水的试验研究

研究了在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中,利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水的技术可行性及ASBR处理工艺的最佳运行参数。试验结果表明:SRB法处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水是可行的,在选定试验条件下,模拟废水和钛白粉废水的SO42-去除率分别为92.7%和88.3%,且出水硫酸盐浓度在250mg·L-1以下,达到了国家地面水环境质量标准(GB3838-83)。     

SRB法处理高浓度硫酸盐废水的试验研究

研究了在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中,利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水的技术可行性及ASBR处理工艺的最佳运行参数.试验结果表明:SRB法处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水是可行的,在选定试验条件下,模拟废水和钛白粉废水的SO42-去除率分别为92.7%和88.3%,且出水硫酸盐质量浓度＜250 mg/L,达到了国家地面水环境质量标准(GB 3838-1983)的要求.     

利用硫酸盐还原菌去除矿山废水中污染物试验研究

以葡萄糖及豆奶粉为碳氮源,采用不控制温度及pH的方式,在厌氧条件下探究不同m(COD)/m(SO42-)、HRT和进水Fe2+负荷对硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山废水效果的影响。结果表明,在进水pH为3.0左右,水温为26～27℃,进水Fe2+的质量度低于450mg/L,m(COD)/m(SO42-)大于1.5的条件下,SO42-去除效果稳定,平均去除率在80%以上;而m(COD)/m(SO42-)大于2.0时,COD有较好的降解效果,Fe2+平均去除率在90%以上,重金属的平均去除率在99%以上。     

UASB反应器处理制药废水的实验研究

中温（37±2℃）条件下采用有效容积为3L的UASB厌氧反应器处理含高浓硫酸盐的制药废水,驯化3个月后,在进水COD浓度为9500 mg/L,SO42-浓度为2500～3500 mg/L的情况下,容积负荷可达到9.5kgCOD/（m3.d）,水力停留时间24h,SO42-去除率达到70%,COD去除率为30%,对应的最适COD/SO42-比值为2.5～3。本实验研究为利用UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水提供了参考依据。     

预处理-反渗透耦合工艺深度处理印染废水

运用预处理-反渗透耦合工艺深度处理印染废水,进行了预处理方式的探索,考察了反渗透装置的处理能力,研究了进水压力和温度对反渗透装置运行的影响及反渗透膜的清洗方式。实验结果表明,首先采用石英砂+活性炭进行预处理,然后采用预处理-反渗透耦合工艺进行深度处理,可以有效处理印染废水,对浊度和色度的去除率达到100%,对COD的去除率达到91%,脱盐率在98%左右;在0.8～1.2 MPa的压力范围内,可以通过增加进水压力的方式来提高膜的产水量及装置的脱盐率;在15～40℃温度范围内,进水温度越高,膜的产水量越大;膜污染后,通过盐酸清洗,在进水压力为0.5 MPa时,产水量可恢复至新膜的62%。     

电解与纳滤工艺联合处理十三碳二元酸生产中的废水

十三碳二元酸生产中产生大量有机废水,为了去除其中高含量的COD和SO42-,首先采用电解法降解其中的有机物,再利用2级纳滤系统对电解残液进行分离。实验研究了钽基金刚石薄膜电极在不同电解工艺条件下对有机物降解的影响,确定了适宜的电解操作条件:槽电压1.6 V左右,电解时间7 h。又考察了在纳滤过程中的各种操作因素对膜过程的影响,探索出合适的纳滤系统的操作条件:操作压差为1.2—1.4 MPa;膜面十字流流速对于DL膜为0.15 m/s左右,对于SE膜为0.12 m/s左右;操作温度为35—40℃。经过联合处理后的废水COD去除率在99%以上,SO42-含量可以达到排放标准。     

一种高效陶瓷膜用于焦化废水除油的中试研究

介绍了一种抗堵塞、高通量的内扰流陶瓷膜用于焦化废水除油的中试试验,并分析了不同操作条件对油去除率的影响,确定了最佳操作条件。试验表明,在操作压力0.05MPa、反冲水温度90℃、冲洗时间30min操作条件下,陶瓷膜出去除率达到80%-90%,处理后的废水油含量低于50mg/L。     

MF-RO深度处理印染废水及效果分析

采用预处理-微滤(MF)-反渗透(RO)双膜技术深度处理印染废水。通过改变废水的温度、pH值、回用率和RO的操作压力,探讨其对CODCr去除率、脱盐效果的影响及原因。试验表明:最佳运行工况是操作压力为1.8 MPa、水温为35℃、pH值为6.0¹0.0、回收率为80%;此条件下,双膜法对CODCr的去除率和脱盐率分别达到97.4%和97.2%,浊度去除率接近100%,出水水质满足印染工艺回用要求。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。