蓝宝石晶片机械化学研磨抛光新方法研究

以SiO2为磨料,同时将MgF2微粉作为固相反应催化剂加入到SiO2磨料中,利用蓝宝石和SiO2之间的固相反应,通过去除生成的软质反应层的方法,对蓝宝石晶片进行机械化学研磨抛光,在获得良好的表面加工质量的同时,提高蓝宝石晶片加工效率.     

单晶蓝宝石高效超精密加工技术研究

针对光电子器件、集成电路等应用领域对单晶蓝宝石高质量的表面需求,而单晶蓝宝石自身的硬度和良好的化学稳定性给抛光带来较大的困难。文章在分析、对比直接采用2μm金刚石磨料化学机械抛光蓝宝石基片效果的基础上,提出机械研磨与化学机械抛光相结合的工艺抛光蓝宝石。结果表明,采用10μm的碳化硼磨料机械研磨蓝宝石,材料去除率为8.03μm/h,表面粗糙度Ra由1.18μm迅速降至22.326 nm;采用粒径为2μm和0.5μm的金刚石磨料化学机械抛光蓝宝石晶片,有效的去除机械抛光带来的损伤,最后表面粗糙度Ra可达0.55 nm。此抛光工艺能满足蓝宝石晶体高效、超光滑、低损伤的抛光要求。     

磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工的工艺及机理

为提高光电晶片的磁流变抛光效率并实现其超光滑平坦化加工,提出其磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工方法,研究不同变间隙条件下蓝宝石晶片的材料去除率和表面粗糙度随加工时间的变化,并分析磁流变变间隙动压平坦化加工机理。结果表明:通过蓝宝石晶片对磁流变抛光液施加轴向低频挤压振动,其抛光压力动态变化且磁流变液产生挤压强化效应,使抛光效率与抛光效果显著提升。在工件下压速度为1.0 mm/s,拉升速度为3.5 mm/s,挤压振动幅值为1 mm条件下磁流变变间隙动压平坦化抛光120 min后,蓝宝石晶片的表面粗糙度R_a由 6.22 nm下降为0.31 nm,材料去除率为5.52 nm/min,相较于恒定间隙磁流变抛光,其表面粗糙度降低66%,材料去除率提高55%。改变变间隙运动速度可以调控磁流变液的流场特性,且合适的工件下压速度和工件拉升速度有利于提高工件的抛光效率和表面质量。      

晶体取向对蓝宝石晶片抛光加工的影响研究

目的 对比分析不同晶向蓝宝石晶圆抛光结果,优化加工参数,探究晶体取向对抛光结果的影响规律.方法 选取A、C面蓝宝石晶片(50.8 mm)为研究对象,采用控制变量法,分别以加工载荷(9.87、14.81、19.75 kPa)和抛光盘转速(20、40、60、80 r/min)为变量,以表面粗糙度Ra和材料去除率MRR为评价指标,对两种晶体取向的蓝宝石晶片进行抛光加工试验,借助3D表面轮廓仪与扫描电子显微镜SEM,对加工前后蓝宝石晶片的表面形貌进行对比,并根据试验结果优化加工参数.结果 A、C面蓝宝石晶片的表面粗糙度与材料去除率,随时间均表现出先快速下降,然后逐渐变缓,最后趋于稳定的趋势.当选取转速60 r/min、载荷14.81 kPa的参数组合时,两种晶片获得目标最小粗糙度和最大材料去除率,最终得到A面Ra=24.874 nm,MRR=3.715 nm/min,C面Ra=2.763 nm,MRR=7.647 nm/min,C面材料去除率为A面的2.1～2.5倍.结论 蓝宝石晶体取向作用对材料加工结果存在显著影响,在相同的加工条件下,相较于A面蓝宝石,C面蓝宝石更容易获得纳米级的表面质量和更高的材料去除率,即C面更易加工.     

纳米碳化硅抛光液的制备及其对蓝宝石晶片抛光性能的研究

制备了一种纳米SiC抛光液,用透射电镜观察其粒子形貌,通过纳米粒度仪研究了分散剂种类对悬浮液中SiC的粒径分布和Zeta电位的影响,并用制备的抛光液对蓝宝石晶片进行化学机械抛光。使用原子力显微镜观察蓝宝石晶片抛光后的表面形貌。结果表明:SiC磨料在以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为分散剂的悬浮液中分散效果最好;在相同试验条件下,采用质量分数1%的SiC抛光材料的去除速率最大,为24.0 nm/min,获得蓝宝石晶片表面质量较好,表面粗糙度R a为2.2 nm。     

紫外光催化辅助Ga面GaN化学机械抛光试验研究

目的 探究在紫外光催化辅助抛光过程中,相关因素对氮化镓晶片Ga面去除率(MRR)及表面粗糙度(Ra)的影响规律,提高单晶氮化镓高效率低损伤的超光滑表面质量。方法 通过结合紫外光与化学机械进行抛光,采用单因素试验方案,对GaN晶片的Ga面进行紫外光催化辅助化学机械抛光试验,比较在无光照、光照抛光盘、光照抛光液3种抛光方式和不同TiO₂浓度、pH值、H₂O₂含量、抛光压力、抛光盘转速和抛光液流条件下的抛光效果。最后通过正交试验进行抛光工艺参数优化,通过测量不同条件下紫外光催化辅助化学机械抛光过程中的MRR值和Ra值,探究GaN晶片Ga面抛光效果。结果在紫外光催化辅助抛光条件下,通过对单因素试验和正交试验的抛光参数进行分析和优化,GaN晶片材料去除率可以达到698.864nm/h,通过白光干涉仪观测可以获得表面粗糙度Ra值为0.430nm的亚纳米级超光滑GaN晶体表面。结论 基于紫外光催化辅助GaN晶片Ga面化学机械抛光试验,紫外光辅助化学机械的复合抛光方式能够促进GaN表面生成物Ga₂O₃     

GaN晶片芬顿反应化学机械抛光液组分优化

针对芬顿反应CMP抛光GaN晶片的抛光液,开展以表面质量为评价指标的参数优化试验,找出抛光液组分的最优配比。结果表明:当H₂O₂质量分数为7.5%时,GaN晶片加工表面效果最优,表面粗糙度达到3.2 nm;催化剂能有效调节芬顿反应的速率,对比液体催化剂FeSO₄溶液和固体催化剂Fe₃O₄粉末,固体催化剂Fe₃O₄粉末能在溶液中持续电离Fe2+,使芬顿反应能在整个加工过程中持续作用。当Fe₃O₄粉末粒径为20 nm时,抛光效果最佳,表面粗糙度达到3.0 nm;对比氧化铝、氧化铈、硅溶胶磨料,硅溶胶磨料抛光的表面效果最佳,晶片表面粗糙度达到3.3 nm;当硅溶胶磨料质量分数为20.0%,磨料粒径为60 nm时,抛光后晶片表面粗糙度达到1.5 nm。抛光液组分优化后,采用最优的抛光液组分参数抛光GaN晶片,其能获得表面粗糙度为0.9 nm的光滑表面。      

LiTaO3晶片CMP过程工艺参数研究

采用不同抛光条件抛光LiTaO3晶片,通过测量其加工表面粗糙度和材料去除率,探讨了化学机械抛光去除机理,分析了抛光垫材料和状态、抛光压力、抛光盘转速等因素对LiTaO3晶片抛光表面质量和材料去除率的影响规律,并获得了LiTaO3晶片CMP加工的有效工艺参数.实验表明,为获得LiTaO3晶片超精密表面,可采用沥青和平绒布抛光垫进行粗抛和精抛,然后采用旧无纺布(抛光垫)进行终抛,获得较大工件去除率和较光滑表面,得到良好的综合抛光效果.在修正环型超精密抛光机上,理想的LiTaO3工艺参数为:抛光压力为7.25 kPa,抛光盘转速为60rpm.     

新型核-壳结构PS/CeO_2和PS/SiO_2复合磨料的制备及其抛光性能

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为内核,采用液相法制备具有核壳结构的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶转换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等对所制备样品的物相结构、形貌和粒径等进行表征。将所制备的复合磨料用于硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层的化学机械抛光,采用原子力显微镜观察抛光表面的微观形貌,并测量表面粗糙度。结果表明:所制备的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒呈近球形,粒径为250～300nm,且具有核壳包覆结构,包覆层的厚度为10～20nm;硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层经PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒抛光后,表面无划痕,且非常平整,在5μm×5μm范围内,粗糙度均方根值(RMS)分别为0.238nm和0.254nm。     

钛酸钡陶瓷基片的双面研抛加工研究

采用氧化铝磨料对钛酸钡(BaTiO3)陶瓷基片进行双面研磨加工,分析磨料粒径、研磨压力、研磨盘转速、磨料浓度以及研磨液流量等研磨工艺参数对基片表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响。采用双面研磨工艺,依次用W14、W7、W5的氧化铝磨料对钛酸钡陶瓷基片(原始粗糙度Ra0.219μm)在研磨压力3.26kPa、研磨盘转速为37r/min、磨料质量浓度为9%、研磨液流量10mL/min的研磨参数下,进行粗研、半精研、精研,取得了表面粗糙度Ra0.076 6μm的研磨片。对研磨片继续用W0.2SiO2抛光可获得表面粗糙度Ra为6nm的超光滑表面。同时,用激光共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同加工阶段的基片表面形貌,并分析了材料去除机理;采用氧化铝磨料的研磨过程中,材料以脆性断裂去除为主;采用SiO2磨料抛光过程中,工件材料以塑性去除为主。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.