桃林口水库右岸碾压混凝土施工

碾压混凝土筑坝具有水泥用量少、工期短、温控措施简单、投资省等优点而得到越来越多的应用，碾压混凝土施工，其配合比选择、施工方法、施工设备、质量控制等都与常志混凝土施工有所区别。本文通过桃林口水库大坝施工，总结了拌和机选择、碾压混凝土运输、异种混凝土浇筑、层面处理方法等方面的施工经验以及有待进一步研究解决的问题。碾压混凝土层间结合质量是保证坝体稳定和减少渗漏的关键问题，施工中应引起重视。     

桃林口水库右岸碾压混凝土施工

碾压混凝土筑坝具有水泥用量少、工期短、温控措施简单、投资省等优点而得到越来越多的应用。碾压混凝土施工，其配合比选择、施工方法、施工设备、质量控制等都与常态混凝土施工有所区别。本文通过桃林口水库大坝施工，总结了拌和机选择、碾压混凝土运输、异种混凝土浇筑、层面处理方法等方面的施工经验以及有待进一步研究解决的问题。碾压混凝土层间结合质量是保证坝体稳定和减少渗漏的关键问题，施工中应引起重视。     

专家系统在工程建设中的应用与展望

工程建设中许多现实问题是半结构化或非结构化的。例如,水利工程导流方案的制定与比选、地下洞室的施工方法选择与方案制定等。这些问题不能完全用结构化方法(严密的数学模型)来描述。解决这类问题要借助于经验的、尚未形成科学体系的知识。传统的方法很难处理这类性质的知识,专家系统就是通过研究这类知识的表示、使用和获取的方法,借助于计算机来完成这类既困难又重要的任务。由于专家系统具有知识与判断相     

龙首水电站碾压混凝土施工

文章介绍了龙首水电站碾压混凝土施工方案，碾压混凝土材料、运输、入仓、辅料、碾压、喷雾以及异种混凝土施工等工艺。     

福建省碾压混凝土坝实践中几个施工技术问题的探讨

福建省应用碾压混土筑坝技术，在国内较早。作者结合该省几座碾压混凝土坝施工实践经验，对碾压混凝土坝施工中的拌和容量和混凝土上坝运输方式的选择，改性碾压混凝土与高胶凝材料碾压混凝土应用，及ＶＣ值控制标准等几个技术问题提出了建议和探讨。     

碾压混凝土施工运输与浇筑设备的选择

对一些常用的混凝土运输和浇筑设备的性能进行了分析,并提出一些适宜于碾压混凝土施工的几种设备组合方案：这些组合方案对于碾压混凝土坝的施工运输和浇筑设备配套选择有参考价值。     

皮带机与缓降溜管、自卸车的混凝土组合输送方案在班谷碾压混凝土大坝施工中的应用

混凝土运输是整个混凝土施工中的一个重要环节,对工程质量和施工进度影响较大,入仓方式的选取是否合理和高效对施工生产起着关键作用.合理选择入仓方式不但可以降低成本、节约投资,还可以有效地加快施工进度.针对马来西亚班谷碾压混凝土大坝水库工程碾压混凝土入仓方案的选择进行探讨,并对各种入仓方式的适应条件及经济性进行了分析和总结,最终采用了使用皮带机+缓降溜管+自卸汽车的组合运输入仓方案.实践证明,碾压混凝土的施工进度和质量令人满意,其入仓方式在热带雨林气候地区具有一定的普遍性,其成功经验可供大家借鉴.     

龙滩水电站大坝碾压混凝土运输方案的研究

引入专家系统和采用计算机模拟技术研究龙滩水电站大坝碾压混凝土的运输方案。通过研究所决策的“高速皮带机为主，缆机为辅”的大坝碾压混凝土运输方案能够满足浇筑进度的要求，这种智能化的决策技术的应用，大大提高了水利水电工程施工组织设计方案决策的可靠性。     

中梁一级水电站坝型比较与选择

在中梁一级水电站坝型比较与选择设计中,根据工程地质条件、运行条件、施工导流及度汛条件、施工技术与条件、工程投资等,拟定混凝土面板堆石坝和碾压混凝土重力坝两种坝型进行了比选,得出混凝土面板堆石坝方案具有较多优点,故推荐采用混凝土面板堆石坝方案。     

长江三峡水利枢纽碾压混凝土纵向围堰施工研究

混凝土纵向围堰是三峡一期工程采用碾压混凝土施工的单项工程，碾压混凝土工程量达141．57万m3，施工强度近10万m3／月，温控严．本文重点阐述碾压混凝土围堰高强度施工方案，计划先期采用自卸汽车运输混凝土入仓，辅以皮带机等手段，争取在1995年第3季度引进ROTEC皮带机系统进行大规模混凝土浇筑．同时亦介绍了该工程施工进度、施工工艺及温控标准与措施等．     

Safety evaluation system for hydraulic metal structures based on knowledge engineering

A comprehensive safety evaluation system taking the most influential factors into account has been developed to evaluate the reliability of hydraulic metal structures. Applying the techniques of AI and DB, the idea of a one-machine and three-base system is proposed. The framework of the three-base system has been designed and the structural framework constructed in turn. A practical example is given to illustrate the process of using this system and it can be used for comparison and analysis purposes. The key technology of the system is its ability to reorganize and improve the expert system＇s knowledge base by establishing the expert system. This system utilizes the computer technology inference process, making safety evaluation conclusions more reasonable and applicable to the actual situation. The system is not only advanced, but also feasible, reliable, artificially intelligent, and has the capacity to constantly grow.     

神经网络在大坝安全评判专家系统中的应用

大坝的结构和地质条件复杂，荷载种类众多，常规专家系统采用的知识表示方法和推理机制有时难以及时准确地对大坝的工作性态作出评价。本系统提出了传统专家系统与神经网络相结合的原理及实现方法，详细论述了系统的知识表示、学习、推理的机理和功能。系统已成功地应用于某混凝土面板支墩坝的疑点物理成因分析。     

Safety provision and an expert system for diagnosing and predicting dam behavior

Conclusions 1. An expert system is an efficient and flexible tool for taking decisions on a wide range of topics where other methods such as classical ones cannot be used. An expert system has many advantages as a tool for decisions; it is always to hand (this cannot be said of experts generally) and is not deflected by secondary details and sticks strictly to the deduction logic. In most practical cases, it provides decisions identical with those given by experts, or sometimes better than them. 2. The expert system for diagnosing and forecasting dam behavior to provide safety has been developed at this Institute and represents the first stage in the creation of the “Dam safety expert system”. That expert system can give information on the state of a structure and provide diagnosis and forecasts for it. Also, if necessary, an expert can engage in interaction with the system and obtain recommendations and assistance over rapid decisions. 3. The development and support of any expert system require the joint efforts of a large team of engineers and others. The system requires a certain architecture for the database and knowledge base, which in turn need management and the availability of means of accumulating and distributing data. A coordinating organ (brain center) is required throughout the existence of the system in order that it should be used successfully for resolving problems in hydraulic engineering. That brain center should not only organize the creation of the system but should also guide the realization of the project and organize the software, the analysis of accumulated knowledge, the systematization of terminology, quality control, and training the system, the staff, and the users. Revised version of a paper read at the International Conference on Reservoir Dams in Mexico in July 1998. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 6, pp. 22–26, June, 2000.     

三维地质建模及其在隧洞工程中的应用

地层面的建立是三维地质建模的核心,合理的插值方法对地层面的构建具有重要的影响。本文应用离散光滑插值方法来构建地层面,并建立了三维地质模型。通过一个工程建模实例,详细地阐述了基于DSI插值的三维地质模型构建的关键问题。利用专家知识系统并基于CAD开发前处理程序对原始地质数据进行处理和分析。     

碾压混凝土坝施工方案设计优选

综合运用数据库技术、专家系统、计算机模拟技术以及其它系统工程的理论和方法，模拟施工组织设计人员的设计思路并强化其薄弱环节；在充分研究碾压混凝土坝施工特性与经验的基础上，提出了开发碾压混凝土坝施工方案设计辅助决策系统的思路，通过编程运行，优选施工方案与参数，结论可靠合理。     

船闸输水设计专家系统知识表示方法和知识库

介绍了船闸输水设计专家系统中的知识表示方法和知识库的组成。根据船闸输水设计的特点，选择面向对象的知识表示方法，描述了船闸输水系统的设计知识。由输水系统设计过程，确定了知识库的组成及内容。     

大坝安全监控专家系统中知识的获取与维护

知识库中知识的丰富程度直接影响着专家系统的智能水平，同时，知识库中知识的组织与存储模式将影响推理机的推理效率。文中着重论述了大坝安全监控专家系统知识库子系统中知识获取的设计与实现，以及知识维护的方法，使知识库具有较好的知识扩展性和合理性，专家系统具有较高的智能水平和较高效的推理性能。     

Optimized plan of centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse systems for housing development in the urban area of Xi'an, China

In an arid and water deficient urban area, such as Xi'an in the northwest region of China, gardening and forestation often use large amounts of tap water. Therefore, there is a need for treated wastewater reuse for such purpose to mitigate urban water shortage, especially in the newly developed housing area, where a high green coverage is often required for both commercial value and living condition improvement. Supply of the treated wastewater through a centralized system which has been planned and partially constructed is one measure to meet such need, but it may require an extension of the distribution system for a full coverage of the whole city area. A supplementary measure is to construct decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse (DESAR) systems in areas that are distant from the planned centralized system. In order to optimize the plan of wastewater reuse for housing development in the urban area, the authors analyzed the existing plan of centralized wastewater reuse and the envisaged plan of housing development in Xi'an urban area. A method was proposed for selection of a feasible way of reclaimed water reuse from two options, namely centralized and decentralized ones, by introducing a critical distance L0 which depends on the relationship between the cost for DESAR system installation and that for water delivery pipeline construction. If the distance from the project site to the nearest access point of the centralized system L is shorter than L0 then using reclaim water from the centralized system becomes more feasible, and otherwise DESAR system installation becomes more feasible. A distribution map was thus obtained to show an optimized plan of centralized and decentralized wastewater reuse systems for housing development in Xi'an city. An example was also given to show the advantage of a DESAR system installed.     

两河口水电站分流挡渣围堰设计研究

针对分流挡渣围堰稳定性问题,以两河口水电站为例,采用理论分析与水力学模型试验相结合的方法,选取不同的围堰高程、围堰平台和堰脚防护材料等进行对比试验。通过分析堰面流速、堰脚流速和堰体稳定性,最终确定适合本工程的围堰布置方案及体型。为工程施工组织提供了重要的指导作用并成功实施,研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

基于数据库的大坝安全监控专家系统知识库设计

知识库是整个专家系统的灵魂,知识库中知识的表达、组织与存储模式将影响推理机的推理效率,同时也会影响知识的更新与丰富,最终影响整个专家系统的智能水平。本文着重论述了用关系数据库来设计大坝安全监控专家系统知识库的方法,使知识库具有较好的知识扩展性和合理性,使专家系统的智能水平可以得到不断的提升。同时,利用关系数据库实体间的关系,很容易维护和使用存储在其间的知识,使整个专家系统具有较高效的推理效率。