含Mn中间层钛基二氧化锡电催化电极的性能

采用高温热氧化方法制备了含Mn中间层的钛基二氧化锡电催化电极Ti/Mn/SnO2.采用SEM、EDX以及XPS等检测方法对电极表面涂层的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态进行了分析,研究了所制备Ti/Mn/SnO2电极电催化氧化降解苯酚的性能.结果表明,Mn中间层的引入降低了电极对苯酚的电催化降解活性,使电极的使用稳定性大为提高.含Mn中间层的存在,可防止电化学反应过程中析出的氧向基体的扩散,离子对Mn2 /Mn4 与Sn2 /Sn4 的存在改变了SnO2电极表面催化剂的组成和结构,导致电极性能变化.     

Sb掺杂钛基SnO2电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

采用电沉积 热氧化法制备了含有中间层的Sb掺杂钛基SnO2 电催化电极(Ti/SnO2),采用SEM、EDX以及 XRD 等检测方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力。研究结果表明所制备 Ti/SnO2 电极可在较短时间内将苯酚彻底降解,其较大的真实表面积以及电极中间层的存在是所制备电极性能提高的重要原因。阳极极化曲线扫描(LSV)的分析结果表明所制备的 Ti/SnO2电极具有较高的阳极析氧电位,有利于有机物的阳极氧化降解。     

钛基SnO2纳米涂层电催化电极的制备及性能研究

为提高Ti/SnO2电极的电催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法,并结合高温热处理工艺制备了钛基SnO2纳米涂层电催化电极.以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了所制备电极的电催化性能,并采用XRD、SEM、XPS等方法研究了制备的SnO2纳米涂层电极的表面形貌、晶粒粒径、元素组成和表面元素的化学环境等.研究结果表明:由于纳米涂层具有较大的比表面积,使得所制备电极的性能较非纳米涂层的钛基二氧化锡电极大为提高,完全降解等量苯酚所需时间减少了33.3%.电极表面主要是四方相金红石结构的SnO2晶体,粒径在10 nm以下.     

Fe掺杂钛基SnO2/Sb电催化电极的制备及表征

为了改进钛基SnO2/Sb电极的电催化性能,采用高温热氧化法制备了Fe掺杂钛基SnO2/Sb 电极.采用SEM、EDX以及XRD等方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力.结果表明,适量Fe的掺杂有利于晶粒细化和导电性的提高;但过量Fe的掺杂可能导致SnO2晶格的混乱程度增大,甚至使晶格破坏,从而使电极性能降低;掺杂0.5?的SnO2/Sb电极对苯酚的降解效果优于未掺杂Fe的电极;电解3 h后,苯酚去除率和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别达到100.0%和92.0%.     

CV和Tafel曲线对稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法制备了稀土Dy、Nd、Eu及Gd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极,以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极降解有机物的性能.在500 mg/L苯酚溶液中进行了所制备电催化电极的循环伏安(CV)特性分析,研究发现4种稀土(Dy、Nd、Eu和Gd)掺杂电极中苯酚在Nd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb(Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd)电极上的直接氧化的峰电流最高,为4.46 mA/cm2.在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行了Tafel曲线测试,4种稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极的析氧电位分别为2.293、2.313、2.277、2.263 V(vs.Ag/AgCl).结果表明,所制备的4种稀土掺杂电极降解苯酚的性能与采用CV和Tafel曲线方法分析的结果一致,可以采用电化学方法评价电极的电催化氧化性能.     

改性SnO2电极的制备及电催化性能研究

为了研究3种掺Sb、掺Ru和掺Ru、Ce钛基SnO2电极的性能,以热分解法制备了改性钛基SnO2电极.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析方法表征了电极的表面形貌和晶体结构,通过加速寿命实验考察电极的使用寿命,并以邻硝基苯酚为目标有机物,考察了电极的电催化性能.实验结果表明:Ru和Ce的掺杂减小了晶体颗粒的尺寸;Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极的使用寿命远远高于Ti/Sb-SnO2电极;用Ti/Sb-SnO2电极电催化氧化降解ONP时,溶液中的COD去除率是最高的(80.3%),比Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极的去除率(78%)略高;Ti/Sb-SnO2电极对ONP的去除速率是最快的,同时Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极对ONP的去除速率与前者相比相差不大.因此,Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2具有较高的电催化性能和高的使用寿命,综合分析认为Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极具有更好的应用前景.     

引入电弧喷涂氮化锆中间层的钛基PbO2的电催化阳极性能

在钛基体电弧喷涂氮化锆中间层,然后在其上阳极电沉积涂覆β-PbO₂催化表层,制备出Ti/ZrN/PbO₂阳极。对其进行微观结构分析和表面粗糙度测试、中间层附着力评价、电极加速寿命和电化学性能测试以及电氧化苯酚模拟废水实验,并与无中间层的Ti/PbO₂电极对比,研究了有中间层的钛基PbO₂涂层的阳极性能。结果表明,氮化锆中间层使阳极材料的导电性提高,中间层的粗糙表面使PbO₂电沉积层明显细化,表面整平性凸显,涂层与基体结合牢固,PbO₂沉积厚度增加,活性位点的数量增多。有氮化锆中间层的阳极加速寿命显著延长,比Ti/PbO₂电极延长了7倍,对有机污染物的电催化降解活性也有提高。     

锡锑氧化物中间层对钛基阳极氧化MnO2电极性能的影响

将锡锑氧化物用作钛基MnO2电极的中间层可改善电极性能,目前在钛基锡锑氧化物中间层上多采用热分解法制备MnO2层制成电极,而很少采用电化学方法.为此,先在钛片上涂及SbOx + SnO2中间层,然后在其上在MnS04溶液中阳极氧化制备MnO2层,最终制成Ti/SbOX + Sn02/MnO2电极,通过暂态和稳态动电位极...     

表层稀土掺杂PbO_2电极及对苯酚电催化氧化性能研究

以钛电极为基体,用热分解法制备Sn-Sb中间层,电沉积方法制备稀土La掺杂PbO2电极,优化了制备改性PbO2电极的电沉积温度、电沉积时间及稀土掺杂量。以苯酚废水为目标有机物,借助于苯酚去除情况分析电极的电催化氧化能力;分析了电极结构与电催化特性之间的关系。采用SEM、EDX和XRD分析了制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成、晶体结构。实验结果表明:电沉积液温度50℃,电沉积2 h,稀土镧掺杂量4∶1的PbO2电极降解苯酚电催化性能有明显改善,其去除率达到90.9%。     

改性PbO2 电极电催化降解水中硝基苯酚

为研究PbO2电极的性能,在酸性溶液中,以电沉积法制备了改性钛基PbO2电极,优化并确定了电极的制备工艺,并利用SEM对电极的表面形貌进行了检测.以硝基苯酚为目标有机物,考察了电极的电催化氧化性能.采用铋掺杂PbO2电极处理水中邻硝基苯酚、间硝基苯酚和对硝基苯酚,并对不同硝基苯酚的矿化过程以及降解动力学进行了比较.研究表明:改性PbO2电极的电催化性能优于传统的PbO2电极;邻硝基苯酚在本研究条件下更易被降解.     

含Mn中间层提高钛基SnO2电催化电极的稳定性

采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了含Mn中间层和SnO_2表面催化层,并结合高温热氧化工艺制备了Ti/SnO_2和Ti/MnOx/SnO_2电催化电极.采用SEM、EDS和XPS等方法对两种电极进行了表征,使用大电流加速寿命实验详细研究了涂层的表面形貌、元素组成和化学态对两种电极稳定性的影响.结果表明:Ti/MnOx/SnO_2电极的稳定性是Ti/SnO_2电极的4.8倍,涂层使电极的稳定性显著提高.致密的涂层和较多的晶格氧能有效减少或阻止阳极的腐蚀,是电极稳定性提高的主要原因.     

Electro-catalytic degradation of phenol on several metal-oxide anodes

Three kinds of Ti-based multilayer metal-oxide electrode, including Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/PbO(2), Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/MnO(x) and Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/RuO(2)+PbO(2) electrodes, were prepared by thermal decomposition, and SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3) coatings were produced with a polymeric precursor method (PPM). The conversion of phenol was carried out with these electrodes as anodes under galvanostatic control. Samples during the electrolyses were characterized with UV-vis spectra and chromatography, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) for phenol degradation were also determined. The results show that phenol can be oxidized and degraded for all of the three anodes, and the oxidation reactions of phenol follow first-order kinetics, but there are considerable differences in the effectiveness and performance of electro-catalytic degradation. Phenol can be degraded relatively fast on the Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/PbO(2) anode and the degradation rate of phenol is slower with the Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/MnO(x) electrode, and the slowest with the Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/RuO(2)+PbO(2) electrode, whose apparent rate constants are 2.49 x 10(-2), 1.42 x 10(-2) and 9.76 x 10(-3) min(-1), respectively. The rates of electro-catalytic degradation relate to oxygen evolution potential, and the higher the oxygen evolution potential, the better the performance of electro-catalytic degradation. The potential for oxygen evolution at the Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/PbO(2) anode is highest, then Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/MnO(x), following Ti/SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3)/RuO(2)+PbO(2). The accelerated life tests at 60 degrees C and in 1.0 mol L(-1) aqueous H(2)SO(4) with an anodic current density of 4.0 Acm(-2) show that the service life is prolonged when the SnO(2)+Sb(2)O(3) interlayer coating are inserted between Ti substrate and active layers.     

PEG/CPB复配改性二氧化铅电极的制备和性能

用电沉积法制备表面活性剂聚乙二醇（PEG）和溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）复配改性PbO₂电极,用SEM、XRD、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和线性极化扫描（VA）等方法对其微结构和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,PEG/CPB复配改性在改善PbO₂镀层微结构中产生协同增效作用,使电极表面颗粒进一步细化均匀;复配改性电极明显提升了苯酚的催化降解活性,在2.5 h内对100 mg·L^-1苯酚溶液的降解率为98.7%。PEG/CPB复配改性电极电催化活性的提升与电极的活性表面积增大、电化学反应电阻减小和析氧电位的提高有关。     

Silver nanoparticles dispersed in polyaniline matrixes coated on titanium substrate as a novel electrode for electro-oxidation of hydrazine

Silver nanoparticles dispersed in polyaniline matrixes coated on titanium substrate, as a novel electrode, was easily synthesized by electro-polymerization of aniline on titanium and then electrodeposited silver nanoparticles on PAni electrode. The electrochemical behavior and electro-catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles/PAni/Ti electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphology of silver nanoparticles on PAni/Ti electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques, respectively. Results indicated that silver nanoparticles with a diameter of about 40–70 nm were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of polyaniline film. The silver nanoparticles/PAni/Ti electrodes were examined for electro-catalytic activity toward oxidation of hydrazine. The results show that these modified electrodes are highly active for electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine.     

Electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline films containing gold nanoparticles deposited on titanium electrode for electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid

Polyaniline films prepared on titanium were employed as substrate for the electrodeposition of gold. The modified electrode was used as anode for the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid. The electrochemical behavior and electro-catalytic activity of Au/PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphology of the polyaniline film and gold coating on PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques, respectively. Results indicated that gold nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of polyaniline film. The electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid is found to proceed more facile on Au/PAni/Ti electrode than on bare gold electrode. The irreversible oxidation current of ascorbic acid exhibits a linear dependence on the ascorbic acid concentration in the range of 1–5 mM.