变拓扑柔性多体系统接触碰撞动力学研究

在实际工程领域中存在着大量接触碰撞等非连续动力学问题,现有的解决柔性多体系统连续动力学过程的建模理论与方法,已经无法解决或无法很好解决这些问题.本文基于变拓扑思想,提出了附加接触约束的柔性多体系统碰撞动力学建模理论；通过设计柔性圆柱杆接触碰撞实验,验证了所提出附加约束接触碰撞模型的有效性；针对柔性多体系统全局动力学仿真面临时间和空间的多尺度问题,提出多变量的离散方法,从而提高了柔性多体系统非连续动力学的仿真效率.     

柔性操作器动力学的数值方法

本文根据 Galerkin 有限单元法及 Newton-Euler 方程导出的柔性操作器动力学空间离散化方程。分析了力反馈比例控制单臂柔性操作器系统.     

柔性航天器动力学建模及模型降阶研究

针对柔性航天器振动影响飞行器姿态稳定性和精度.为了解决上述问题,提出了多柔体航天器的动力学建模.首先,根据工程实现的假设振型法,采用拟坐标拉格朗日方程,推导出带有刚体模态的二阶系统刚柔耦合动力学模型,其中,为了减少模型计算量,通过坐标变换将刚体模态和柔性模态解耦,利用一种刚体模态解耦的二阶不稳定系统的模型降阶方法,并对航天器多柔体系统动力学方程进行了仿真分析,结果飞行姿态稳定,满足了精度要求,表明了动力学建模与模型降阶法的有效性和正确性.     

中心刚体-柔性梁刚柔耦合动力学模型降阶研究

有限单元法被广泛的采用来描述柔性体的弹性变形,然而有限元节点坐标数目庞大,将会给动力学方程求解带来巨大的计算负担.如何降低柔性体的自由度,是当前柔性多体系统动力学研究的一个重要命题.本文以中心刚体-柔性梁系统为例,采用Krylov方法和模态方法进行降价.然后分别采用有限元全模型、Krylov降阶模型和模态降阶模型,对中心刚体-柔性梁进行刚-柔耦合动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,与采用模态降阶方法相比,采用Krylov模型降阶方法只需要较低的自由度,就可以得到与采用有限元方法完全一致的结果.说明Krylov模型降阶方法能够有效的用于柔性多体系统的模型降价研究.     

中心刚体-柔性梁应变反馈多目标优化控制

本文针对柔性结构在轨组装任务背景,将自动飞船和待运送部件分别简化为中心刚体和柔性梁附件,研究自由漂浮中心刚体-柔性梁系统的动力学与控制问题.首先基于小变形和低转速假设,将梁用假设模态法离散,采用Lagrange方程导出系统动力学方程.继而设计一种带有应变反馈的PD控制律用于完成中心刚体的状态镇定以及柔性梁振动抑制.此外,本文还使用遗传算法对控制器中的参数进行多目标优化.最后,通过数值算例验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

基于等几何分析的柔性多体系统建模方法研究

近三十年来,柔性多体系统动力学取得长足进步,尤其是以绝对节点坐标方法(Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation, ANCF)为代表的非线性有限元已被用来处理复杂的柔性多体系统动力学问题.但绝对节点坐标方法采用斜率矢量作为广义坐标,导致系统自由度多,计算效率低.针对柔性多体系统,基于非均匀有理B样条(Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines, NURBS)曲线和曲面分别提出了Euler-Bernoulli细长梁单元和Kirchhoff-Love薄壳单元,在完全拉格朗日格式下,根据Green应变张量对单元变形进行描述,结合第二类Piola-Kirchhoff应力张量给出单元应变能公式,推导了单元的弹性力和弹性力雅可比矩阵表达式,最后通过静力学及动力学数值算例对提出的两类单元的性能进行对比和验证,为柔性多体系统建模提供了一种精确高效的新单元.     

水下柔性臂动力学建模方法研究

将柔性臂应用到水下环境,探索一种新型的水下作业工具。在空间柔性臂动力学建模方法的基础上,考虑水动力做功以及水动力对柔性臂变形的影响,首先基于Hamilton原理建立中心刚体-水下柔性臂组成的刚柔耦合系统的动力学模型,然后采用假设模态法对动力学模型进行离散化,导出了考虑刚柔耦合作用的水下柔性臂有限维离散化动力学方程。最后给出仿真算例,验证了动力学模型对于研究水下柔性臂末端变形的有效性,能够准确反映水下柔性臂动力学特性,可用于水下柔性臂的主动控制研究。     

计及环境特征的刚-柔机械臂动力学建模方法与理论研究

基于Kane方程推导建立了在惯性参考坐标系中的刚—柔机械臂的非线性动力学模型 ,并利用假设模态的方法对方程进行离散 .在对刚—柔机械臂进行主动柔顺控制时 ,柔性机械臂要受到未确知外部环境的约束 .本文建立了计及环境特征的一般柔性多体系统动力学模型以及计及环境特征的刚—柔机械臂动力学模型 .     

柔性梁线接触碰撞的动力学建模和实验研究

研究作旋转运动的柔性梁的线接触正碰撞问题.基于Goldsmith的线接触撞击力模型,分别用基于小变形的混合坐标法和基于大变形的绝对坐标法建立了柔性梁的动力学方程,考虑了几何非线性效应.在此基础上,进一步考虑非线性阻尼项的影响,将Hunt,Crossley的阻尼模型推广到线接触问题.介绍了柔性梁线接触碰撞的实验方法.计算结果显示,在考虑阻尼的情况下,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.比较了混合坐标法和绝对坐标法的撞击力计算结果,与实验结果对比表明,绝对坐标法更适用于大变形的撞击问题.     

柔性机械臂动力学建模研究进展

刚性机械臂由于其较高的工作精度和重复性、较强的承载能力,已广泛应用于危险或相对单一、重复性高工作场景.但刚性机械臂的结构及运作方式不够灵活,无法适用于不定型、非标准、狭窄空间等生产场景.最近几年,柔性机械臂因其结构柔性、作业空间大、人机交互安全等优点而受到广泛关注,有希望应用于医疗、服务和智能制造等领域.但柔性机械臂结构柔软,运动比较自由,在作业过程中柔性效应不可忽略,这对其高精度控制提出了重大挑战.柔性机械臂控制的核心科学问题之一是建立包含结构柔性特征和动态特性的高精度动力学模型.为此,本文对柔性机械臂运动学建模和动力学建模研究进行了综述.作为动力学建模的基础,本文首先综述了柔性机械臂的运动学建模方法,主要介绍了曲率法、伪刚体运动学(PRB)方法、基于Cosserat杆的运动学建模方法、结构几何分析方法、Denavit Hartenberg(D H)法及坐标法、数据驱动和机器学习方法等.随后,本文详细综述了柔性机械臂的动力学建模方法,主要包括集中参数系统法、假设模态法、有限元法.最后,本文简述了目前柔性机械臂动力学研究的主要内容,并对未来研究做出展望.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。