全站仪结构原理与发展分析

全站仪作为当前最常用的测量仪器,在测量工作中有着不可或缺的地位。为了更好地掌握全站仪,使用全站仪,有必要了解全站仪的结构及其发展方向,在工程许可下进一步提高全站仪的利用率。本文在介绍全站仪的特点、功能、精度等级划分及结构原理的基础上,重点研究了全站仪在当今测量工作中的现状、前景及发展方向。     

免棱镜全站仪在地形测量中的精度分析

随着科技的发展,免棱镜全站仪越来越多的应用到地形测量当中去。相比有棱镜全站仪、GPS-RIK联合全站仪,免棱镜全站仪在地形测量中测量精度要明显比较高,特别是在大比例尺测图中,免棱镜全站仪有着明显的优势。本文首先对免棱镜全站仪的测量原理、方法进行了简单的阐述,并简单比较了免棱镜全站仪与有棱镜全站仪(比较的内容未看到)在地形测量中精度。     

全站仪测量新技术在某城市综合体施工中的应用

全站仪逐渐普遍应用到工程施工中,在工程测量中全站仪发挥着巨大的作用。在此背景下,文章就全站仪的特点和应用知识进行阐述,结合城市综合体的施工实际,对全站仪的工作原理进行详尽的分析,并对测量新技术在项目中的实际运用进行了探讨,从而使全站仪在工程中的用途更加广泛。     

非固定站差分法在深基坑监测中的应用

全站仪固定设站用于大坝、桥梁、边坡等建筑物变形监测已有许多实践 ,但监测时需将全站仪安置在固定基准点上 ,监测条件要求高 ,对场地的要求也较严格。为此本文针对深基坑的安全监测提出了全站仪非固定站差分方法 ,该方法不需要将全站仪固定安置在基准点上 ,而是根据监测现场随机安置全站仪。通过在深圳市某基坑安全监测中的应用 ,表明该方法测量精度高 ,全站仪设站灵活、简便 ,适应范围更广     

全站仪在测设公路中线上的应用

结合全站仪的实际应用经验，介绍了全站仪测量公路工程导线的要求及导线控制方法，阐述了全站仪在测设公路中线上的应用方法，以保证在公路工程测设中正确应用全站仪。     

工程测量中智能化全站仪的应用

全站仪是应用于现代工程测量的重要工具,随着智能化技术快速发展,智能化全站仪在提高工程测量质量,降低测量误差方面发挥着重要作用,其应用范围也越来越广泛.通过对全站仪特点及优势进行分析,探讨全站仪在建筑工程测量中,高层建筑基坑变形监测技术应用,并通过实际工程实例,分析全站仪在高层建筑基坑变形监测中的实际应用[1].     

智能全站仪数据处理和动态监测研究

本文将在对于智能全站仪动态测量的方法特征以及动态测量误差进行研究分析基础上,进行智能全站仪动态测量与数据处理的研究分析,以促进智能全站仪在实际测量中的推广应用。     

全站仪在等级水准测量方法中的应用

阐述了全站仪等级水准测量的原理以及全站仪在操作过程中应注意的问题,并通过工程实例介绍了全站仪在等级水准测量方法中的应用。     

基于智能全站仪外业数据采集系统的设计与实现

针对当前大面积数字测图外业数据采集模式存在的一些不足,结合目前智能型全站仪的发展,提出基于智能全站仪新的数据采集模式,实现了智能全站仪数据采集系统的开发。     

全站仪测量系统在天线表面精度测量中的应用

本文介绍了全站仪测量系统在天线表面精度测量中的应用,以Leica TS30全站仪测量系统为例详细介绍了测量实施方案和数据处理方法,总结了全站仪测量系统用于天线测量的优点。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

项目临时性组织性质的研究

指出从组织论角度看项目具有临时性组织的性质，对项目的定义进行了思考，从生产功能、代理机构、代理不确定性事务及项目管理者角度论述了作为临时性组织的项目，以促进对项目的理解和研究。     

机制砂在隧道耐久性混凝土运用中的质量控制

从母岩的选料、级配控制、石粉和泥土含量控制三个方面阐述了控制机制砂质量的重要性，并提出了可将隧道混凝土机制砂的石粉含量限值放宽到10％的建议，以促进耐久性混凝土的研究。     

浅谈室内色彩设计的方法

提出了室内设计中色彩设计的原则,从色彩在室内设计中的作用、功能及使用者的心理等方面进行了探讨,以提高人们对色彩的认识,充分发挥色彩设计的作用,更好地满足消费者的需求.     

回归“生活世界”的上海居住小区新模式分析

本文从上海城市文化特点的角度出发,以“生活世界”哲学为基础,对现阶段居住小区设计模式进行了分析。认为“现实生活世界”是上海当代居住小区设计的起点和归宿。也只有这样,才能使新时代的空间形态与生活形态再次整合,创造出新时代的美好人居。     

化辱为荣，补损成益——审视央视新楼并及奥运纪念碑等

针对央视新厦之设计弊端及库氏之流所称邪淫形象,提出改扩建设想及相应建议。从造形立意、结构体系、消防安全等分述改善措施,且将变更业主、转换功能及融资渠道等亦考虑其中。反对以重金建造全球史无前例之奥运纪念碑,申明现有奥运场馆即为最佳纪念实物。主张起诉库氏、矶氏,消除恶劣影响,结合改扩建,进而达致“化辱为荣,补损成益”。     

Beanspruchung der Tunnelabdichtung durch den Herstellvorgang einer Tunnelinnenschale

Loading of the tunnel sealing system due to fresh concrete pressure This report deals with the loading of the geomembrane during the construction phase of the inner shell of a tunnel. In a systematic parameter analysis at the institute for underground construction at FH Münster the geomembrane and the geotextile were tested under different realistic conditions. Laboratory testing showed a dependence on the seal support surface of the shotcrete and on the characteristics of the geotextile. The deformations of the membranes due to fresh concrete pressure are significantly smaller than the permitted values in the technical regulations. The main results of the investigations are described below.     

Die neue Lahntalbrücke Limburg im Zuge der BAB 3 – Wettbewerb und Entwurf

The new bridge over the river Lahn near Limburg as part of BAB 3, Germany – Competition and Design The effort of the responsible engineers and architects at the Lahntalbrücke Limburg always becomes clear when a new well‐designed bridge structure is needed for the representative Lahn valley. To handle the steadily increasing traffic prestressed concrete structures have gained acceptance for both replacement constructions. Both constructions also convince optically through their simplicity while leaving the creative presence of the cathedral in the valley unchanged.     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.