Third-Harmonic Generation from Some Chalcogenide Glasses

Third-order optical nonlinear susceptibilities (χ⁽³⁾) of some high-refractive-index chalcogenide glasses were evaluated from third-harmonic generation. Compared with oxide glasses whose χ⁽³⁾ has been known, χ⁽³⁾ of the present glasses was higher by an order of magnitude. The addition of selenium drastically increased χ⁽³⁾. The highest χ⁽³⁾ was 1.4 × 10^–11 esu, being comparable with those of high-χ⁽³⁾-organic compounds. Further, χ⁽³⁾ generally increased with increasing density in the present glasses.     

新型硫卤玻璃GeS2-Ga2S3-AgX(X=Cl,Br,I)中的K+-Ag+离子交换

以油酸钾为熔盐,GeS2-Ga2S3-AgX(X=Cl,Br,I)玻璃为基玻璃,在270℃的环境温度下,以氮气作为保护气氛,成功地进行了K -Ag 离子交换。在50GeS2-25Ga2S3-25AgI玻璃中,K 离子的交换深度可达256μm,并对交换深度、离子扩散系数以及离子浓度之间的规律进行了初步研究。通过离子交换研究,为制备硫卤玻璃光波导奠定了基础,并可以进一步拓宽硫卤玻璃的应用前景。     

硫系玻璃中光诱导各向异性效应的研究

详细讨论了硫系玻璃中光诱导各向异性研究的历史、测量方法及其动力学特征和硫系玻璃中光诱导各向异性的来源和模型及其应用。     

高纯硫系玻璃和光纤的制备技术

高纯度硫系玻璃如As-A,As-Se和Ge-As-Se系统都是很有希望作为中红外低损耗的光纤材料，本文主要回顾了制备高纯度的硫系玻璃和光纤材料的一些问题，并对这些问题进行了讨论，最后举例说明了这种光纤的一些实际应用。     

Physical Properties and Structure of Silica-Alumina-Europium Oxide Glasses

SiO₂–Al₂O3–Eu₂O₃ glasses were prepared for the composition 50siO₂·(50 – x )Al₂O_3·xEu₂O₃, and their density, sound velocity, and elastic modulus were measured. The chemical shift of the AIK a band emission spectra and the isomer shift of ¹⁵¹Eu by Mössbauer effect were obtained to determine the coordination states of Al³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions in these glasses. It was found that the coordination number of Eu³⁺ ions was 12 and that the average coordination number of A1³⁺ ions was almost 5 in these glasses. By introducing Eu₂O₃, the packing of constituent ions was strongly enhanced and the elastic modulus increased in this system. The compositional dependence of the molar volume and elastic modulus were explained by these states of high coordination number for Eu³⁺ and low coordination number for Al³⁺ ions compared with those in the corresponding M₂O₃ crystals.     

Gamma-Ray-Induced Multi-Effect on Properties of Chalcogenide Glasses

Gamma-ray irradiations induced various alterations in sulfur- and selenium-based chalcogenide glasses. The absorbed dose was in the range of 0.01–3.6 MGy. The glasses exhibit prominent sensitivity to γ-ray irradiation, characterized by changes in some of the physical properties of the glasses, e.g., optical transmission, optical band gap, density, and thermal expansion coefficient. The effects on glass structure and microscopic morphology were also studied by Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopic observations.     

Processing and Characterization of Bulk Chalcogenide Glasses Used for Waveguide Applications

Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are of interest due to their optical and electronic properties for use in waveguide applications. To assess expected uniformity in films deposited from bulk glass starting materials, the extent of parent bulk glass property variation was evaluated. Resulting structural and optical properties of melt-derived ChG's were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of melt size, purification, and other melting conditions on sample homogeneity were quantified and within-melt property variation of bulk glass samples was found to be less than 5% for all parameters examined.     

全光开关用硫系玻璃研究进展

随着人类社会步入高速信息时代,高速的通讯信息系统对材料性能提出了更高要求。详细分析了全光开关器件对非线性光学材料性能的要求,综述了硫系玻璃作为全光开关器件用材料性能方面的优势,并总结了近年来人们对硫系玻璃在全光开关应用方面的研究成果。     

离子交换法制硫卤玻璃光波导用铯熔盐的研究

研究了自合成的单元 Cs Ac,二元 Cs Ac- Cs NO3 和三元 Cs Ac- Cs NO3 - KAc系统的熔点及凝固点的变化趋势 ,并初步进行了模拟离子交换的实验。实验结果表明 ,二元及三元系统的熔点较单元系统可下降 30℃和 40℃ ,最低可达 1 45℃ ,而凝固点则降至 1 2 6℃ ,满足硫卤玻璃进行离子交换时对熔盐熔点的特殊要求。     

红外夜视仪用精密模压硫系玻璃研究进展

长期阻碍热成像系统获得商业应用的重要原因之一在于昂贵的成本,其中光学部件占很大比重.本综述介绍的低成本、高性能硫系玻璃是取代昂贵的单晶锗应用于热成像仪光学系统的候选材料.采用表面涂抗反射膜的方法可提高玻璃的红外透过率至97%,而通过特定的组成设计和晶化处理在玻璃的网络结构中引入纳米尺度的微晶,可显著改善硫系玻璃的热、机械性能,同时保持原有的红外光学透过性能.用于非晶态材料的精密模压成型工艺则可使加工成本较之用于晶体材料的单点金刚石车削工艺有显著降低,可加工包括球面、非球面和非球面衍射棱镜在内的多种硫系玻璃光学元件.以此为光学部件的标准小型非冷却式非晶硅探测器已研制成功,其性能与以单晶锗棱镜为光学系统的同类探测器相当,全系统温度分辨率达0.1℃.     

Y—La—Si—O—N系统氧氮玻璃形成与性能

本研究利用溶胶－凝胶技术制备Ｙ－Ｌａ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｎ氧氮玻璃配合料，在１大气压Ｎ２气氛中１６００℃左右温度熔制，制备出表观呈灰黑色透明的Ｙ－Ｌａ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统氧氮玻璃。实验结果表明氧氮玻璃含氮量为６．７－１０．９ａｔ％；显微硬度Ｈｖ为３．５－６．４７ＧＰａ；断裂韧性为０．６４－１．３８ＭＰａｍ＾１／２，Ｔｇ在１０００℃以上，膨胀系数为１．０５×１０＾－６℃＾－１．     

高纯透红外硫系玻璃材料的制备

高性能透红我硫系玻璃材料的开发和应用在很大程度上受到杂质对透过性能影响的制约。本综述系统地阐述了存在于不同硫系玻璃中的杂质之种类、来源、形成过程及其对玻璃透过性能的影响，并介绍了旨在有效地消除杂质、降低玻璃的非本质 原料纯化措施和与此相关的硫系玻璃制备新工艺。     

Hardness, Toughness, and Scratchability of Germanium–Selenium Chalcogenide Glasses

Ge–Se chalcogenide glasses are characterized by relatively low hardness (0.39–2.35 GPa) and low fracture toughness (0.1–0.28 MPa·m^1/2). Actually, the hardness of chalcogen-rich glasses is low enough so that the brittleness parameter, B = H / K _c , is lower than that of silicate glasses. Whereas hardness and Young's modulus increase with increasing germanium contents, fracture toughness follows a trend similar to that of the density and exhibits a maximum for the Ge₂₀Se₈₀ composition, which corresponds to the rigidity percolation threshold. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations suggest that the indentation deformation proceeds by a localized shear deformation phenomenon. Glasses in the chalcogen-rich region behave viscoelastically at room temperature. As a consequence, an increase of the loading time results in a decrease of hardness and toughness.     

Dy3+掺杂Ge-Ga-Sb-S-CsI硫卤玻璃的热学特性及析晶动力学研究

采用熔融急冷法制备了系列Dy3+掺杂的70GeS2-10Ga2S3-5Sb2S3-10CsI硫卤玻璃样品.测试了样品的可见-近红外和红外透过光谱,分析了Dy3+的光谱吸收及杂质吸收.测试了样品的DTA曲线,分析了样品的热学特性.利用修正Kissinger方程分析了玻璃转变活化能Et、析晶活化能Ec,根据Johnson-Mehl-Avrami方法计算了结晶动力学参数n.研究结果表明:随着Dy3+掺杂浓度的增加,玻璃吸收光谱增强,转变活化能和析晶活化能先增加后减小,x=0.3wt%的玻璃样品最稳定.析晶过程中为两维晶体生长.     

若干硫系玻璃黏度变化速率的结构起源探索

用熔融淬冷法制备Ge33 As12 Se55、Ge22 As20 Se58、Ge10 As40 Se50、As40 Se60、Se硫系玻璃,采用流变仪测试样品黏弹状态的黏度,计算各样品黏度的Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann方程和黏度变化速率(即料性).结合拉曼光谱,根据玻璃微观结构对料性的影响规律进行系统分析...     

印刷具有梯度折射率微结构的硫卤玻璃衍射光学元件的研究

通过一种高效而廉价的显微热极化工艺,在硫卤玻璃中刻印出覆盖可见到中红外波长且具有梯度折射率(GRIN)微结构的衍射光学元件(DOE).研究了显微热极化的主要极化参数(极化电压U)对硫卤玻璃的微观形貌、微结构、衍射效果和梯度折射率的影响规律.在U为0.75～1.00 kV范围内发现了有效印刷GRIN微结构硫卤玻璃的形成区...     

Effect of Aluminum Fluoride on the Physical Properties and Stability of Fluorozirconate and Fluorozirco-Hafnate Glasses

The glass quality, physical properties, and thermal stability of fluorozirconate and fluorozirco-hafnate glasses were investigated as a function of the AIF₃ content. The AlF₃ concentration varied from 2 to 3.25 mol%. The ratio of the other components was constant, except for 50% substitution of ZrF₄ by HfF₄ in the fluorozirco-hafnate glasses. The physical properties of all the glasses were not affected strongly by the AlF₃ content. However, the fluorozirco-hafnate glasses were prone to precipitate out AlF₃ microcrystals for AlF₃ contents greater than 3 mol%. The thermal stability of the glasses revealed a compositional dependence only in the case of the fluorozirco-hafnate glasses. The thermal stability decreased as the AlF₃ content increased above 3 mol%. The authors concluded that the AlF₃ microcrystals nucleated other fluoride phases such as zirconium-barium fluoride crystals.     

Properties of Yttria-Aluminoborate Glasses

In the Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃ system, homogeneous glasses were obtained from compositions containing from 50 to 65 mol% B₂O₃. The density, refractive index, and thermal expansion increase as Y₂O₃ replaces either B₂O₃ or Al₂O₃. These glasses have a dilatometric softening temperature above 665°, and below 300°C their dc electrical resistivity exceeds that of fused silica. The infrared absorption spectra indicate that BO₃, BO₄, and AlO₄, groups are present in these glasses.     

EPR Spectroscopy of Chalcogenide Glasses

Chalcogenide glasses (chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors) are systematically investigated by EPR spectroscopy. The model concepts and physicochemical principles of the EPR technique are considered as applied to the studied materials. The potentialities of the technique for studying the structure, structural defects, stoichiometry of strong interactions, and photostructural transformations are demonstrated for binary, ternary, and more complex chalcogenide vitreous systems, including halogen- and fullerene-containing systems.     

Structure and Properties of Long-Wavelength-Transmitting Halide Glasses

The lower halides of zinc, namely, ZnCl₂, ZnBr₂, and ZnI₂, may act as network formers in glasses that also contain modifying alkali halides such as KCI, KBr, KI, NaI, or CsI. Compositions which contain only Br⁻ or I⁻ anions are of particular interest because of their extended infrared transmission, which includes the ∼10-μm region, in addition to full visible transparency. A series of modified zinc halide glasses were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, middle and far Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarized Raman spectroscopy. T _g values were characteristically low, around 40°C. Bulk glass infrared transmission up to 15 to 20 μm was recorded. The most probable glass structures are discussed and compared to oxide glass models. An attenuation of  0.001 dB/km has been projected as a possible intrinsic minimum for optical fibers operating near ∼6 μm.