首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This experiment evaluated the efficacy of television delivery of a behavioral weight reduction program. Seventy-one overweight adults were randomly assigned to a live-contact weight loss group that was videotaped for viewing by other groups, a live-contact group that was not videotaped, a television-delivered group that observed the videotaped weight loss sessions, or a waiting-list control group. Participants in all 3 treatment groups lost significantly more weight during the 8-week treatment program than those in the waiting-list control group. There were no significant weight loss differences among the 3 treatment groups during the program. These weight changes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. At 15-month follow-up, the television-delivered group and the live-contact group maintained their weight losses, whereas the videotaped group did not. Cost-effectiveness analyses indicated that the television-delivered group received the most cost-effective treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
57 female undergraduates who scored at least 1 standard deviation above the mean (47 or above) on the UCLA Loneliness Scale and who scored as moderately depressed (8–26) on the Beck Depression Inventory also completed the Causal Dimension Scale and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: reframing, self-control directives, and a waiting-list control. Treatment groups met for 2 weekly ?-hr interviews. Interviewer responses in the reframing group focused on ways to experience loneliness more positively, whereas self-control responses involved encouraging Ss to overcome loneliness. All 3 groups were again administered the 3 measures posttreatment and 2-wk follow-up. Results indicate that Ss in the reframing group experienced a more significant reduction in depression than Ss in the self-control or control groups. All Ss became less lonely over time, but no treatment was more effective than another in reducing loneliness. No differences were found for controllability. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
Thirty-four patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions: individualized cognitive treatment (CT), self-help support group (SG), or symptom monitoring waiting-list control (WL). Each of the 3 conditions lasted approximately 8 weeks. Pre- to posttreatment analyses revealed significantly greater reductions in both individual gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and in a composite index for GI symptom change for the CT condition than for the SG or WL conditions. When compared with the SG and WL conditions, the CT condition also showed significant improvement on psychological measures of depression and anxiety. At 3-month follow-up, the results for the CT condition were maintained and revealed further numerical improvements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
Women reporting severe premenstrual symptoms were allocated nonrandomly to a cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment (n?=?13), a nonspecific treatment (n?=?12), or a waiting-list group (n?=?12). Repeated measures analyses of variance showed that, compared with control Ss, the coping skills group reported significant reductions in premenstrual symptomatology and irrational thinking at posttreatment and at 9-mo follow-up. There were no significant differences between the waiting-list and control intervention groups at any time of testing. It was suggested that the increased irrationality reported at pretreatment should be viewed not as a "cause" of premenstrual problems but as a product of the stresses experienced in the premenstruum phase. The findings of this study indicate that cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatments can reduce the negative effects of premenstrual symptoms and that those reductions can be maintained over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

5.
Thirty-one individuals with recurrent genital herpes were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: psychosocial intervention, social support, or waiting-list control. Each treatment condition contained two 5-member groups, and the waiting-list condition contained 11 members. Six consecutive weekly 90-min group treatment sessions were conducted for subjects in the first two conditions, whereas those in the waiting-list control condition were offered treatment at follow-up. Subjects in psychosocial intervention were provided with herpes simplex virus (HSV) information, relaxation training, stress management instructions, and an imagery technique. The social support groups shared feelings and experiences about the disease and served as placebo control subjects. Individuals receiving psychosocial intervention reported significantly greater reductions in herpes activity and significant improvements on emotional distress, social support, and cognitive measures when compared with the other individuals. It was concluded that psychosocial intervention effectively reduced the chronicity of recurrent HSV infections and facilitated adjustment to the disease. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
Families of 97 children with early-onset conduct problems, 4–8 yrs old, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: a parent training treatment group (PT), a child training group (CT), a combined child and parent training group (CT?+?PT), or a waiting-list control group (CON). Posttreatment assessments indicated that all 3 conditions had resulted in significant improvements in comparison with controls. Comparisons of the 3 treatment conditions indicated that CT and CT?+?PT children showed significant improvements in problem solving as well as conflict management skills, as measured by observations of their interactions with a best friend; differences among treatments on these measures consistently favored the CT over the PT condition. As for parent and child behavior at home, PT and CT?+?PT parents and children had significantly more positive interactions, compared with CT parents and children. One-yr follow-up assessments indicated that all the significant changes noted immediately posttreatment had been maintained over time. Moreover, child conduct problems at home had lessened over time. Analyses of the clinical significance of the results suggested that the combined CT?+?PT condition produced the most significant improvements in child behavior at 1-yr follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
The effects of positive reframing and restraining in the context of time limited brief couples therapy were investigated. Forty couples were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment group or to a waiting-list control group that received delayed treatment. The interventions had a positive impact on dyadic adjustment target complaints and conflict resolution of treated couples compared to couples in the waiting-list control group. There were no significant differences observed in the relationship belief and spousal attributions between the treated and untreated couples. Thirty-nine percent of couples met L. Christensen and J. Mendoza's (1986) definition of clinically meaningful improvement. Treatment gains observed at the termination of the 3-session treatments appear to have been maintained at 6-weeks follow-up. A positive relation was observed between couples improvement and compliance with treatment directives. Implications for time-limited brief therapy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
Compared the effects of 2 psychotherapies based on divergent conceptualizations of depression in later life. 75 older adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder were assigned randomly to problem-solving therapy (PST), reminiscence therapy (RT), or a waiting-list control (WLC) condition. Participants in PST and RT were provided with 12 weekly sessions of group treatment. Dependent measures, taken at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-mo follow-up, included self-report and observer-based assessments of depressive symptomatology. At posttreatment, both the PST and the RT conditions produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms, compared with the WLC group, and PST Ss experienced significantly less depression than RT Ss. Moreover, a significantly greater proportion of Ss in PST vs RT demonstrated sufficient positive change to warrant classification of their depression as improved or in remission at the posttreatment and follow-up evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

9.
Evaluated the impact of pretreatment depression severity and functional impairment on the response of 2 samples of older depressed adolescents (115 Ss total divided into low-severity groups and high-severity groups) to 2 group cognitive-behavioral treatments. Differences between the 2 active treatments and between active treatment and a waiting-list control condition were expected to be greater in the more severely depressed-impaired group. Improvement for the 2 active treatments in comparison to the control condition was greater in the more severely depressed group in one of the samples but not the other. The prediction that the relative effectiveness of the 2 treatments would be accentuated in the more severely depressed adolescents received no support in either sample. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
This study is a preliminary investigation of an integrative treatment aimed at improving the efficacy of cognitive therapy (CT) for depression. The development of the treatment protocol was based on process findings, which suggested that strategies used in CT to resolve alliance ruptures may actually exacerbate problems in the therapeutic relationship. The protocol integrates, within the traditional CT treatment manual, procedures to repair alliance ruptures that are derived from or consistent with humanistic and interpersonal therapies. Although conducted by inexperienced therapists, the integrative treatment led to greater improvement than a waiting-list condition. The results also compare favorably to previous findings for CT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
In a study designed to maximize the effectiveness of treatment by allowing participants to select the target of treatment, 40 depressed older adults were randomly assigned to a waiting-list control condition or to conditions in which the target of treatment was either chosen or assigned. All participants received self-management therapy and the choice was between changing behavior or changing cognition. It was found that individually administered self-management therapy was effective in treating depression for older adults. There were no differences in outcome between versions of self-management therapy that targeted behavioral or cognitive change. Among those who completed treatment, there were no differences in outcome between those who received a choice and those who did not. Individuals who were given a choice of treatment options, however, were less likely to drop out of treatment prematurely. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

12.
Reports an error in the original article by J. S. Klosko et al (Journal of Clinical & Consulting Psychology, 1990[Feb], Vol 58[1], 77–84). On pages 82 and 83, there was an error in the chi-square for the number of patients experiencing zero panic attacks among the four groups evaluated. The correct statistic is given. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1990-17776-001). The results of a clinical outcome study (N?=?57) comparing behavior therapy directed at panic disorder (panic control treatment [PCT]) with alprazolam were reported. These conditions were compared with a medication placebo and a waiting-list control group. Patterns of results on measures of panic attacks, generalized anxiety, and global clinical ratings reveal that PCT was significantly more effective than placebo and waiting-list conditions on most measures. The alprazolam group differed significantly from neither PCT nor placebo. The percentage of clients completing the study who were free of panic attacks following PCT was 87%, compared with 50% for alprazolam, 36% for placebo, and 33% for the waiting-list group.… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
The results of a clinical outcome study (N?=?57) comparing behavior therapy directed at panic disorder (panic control treatment [PCT]) with alprazolam were reported. These conditions were compared with a medication placebo and a waiting-list control group. Patterns of results on measures of panic attacks, generalized anxiety, and global clinical ratings reveal that PCT was significantly more effective than placebo and waiting-list conditions on most measures. The alprazolam group differed significantly from neither PCT nor placebo. The percentage of clients completing the study who were free of panic attacks following PCT was 87%, compared with 50% for alprazolam, 36% for placebo, and 33% for the waiting-list group. Since alprazolam may work more quickly than PCT but may also interfere with the effects of behavioral treatment, these data suggest a series of studies on the feasibility of integrating these treatments and on the precise patterns and mechanisms of action of various successful treatment approaches to panic disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

14.
This study compared the treatment response of four groups of psychiatrically diverse opiate-dependent, methadone maintenance patients receiving drug counseling. The four groups were patients with no other nonsubstance abuse axis I psychiatric diagnoses (OP only; N = 65), patients with lifetime major depression (DEP; N = 60), patients with both antisocial personality disorder and lifetime major depression (APD + DEP; N = 35), and patients with only APD (APD only; N = 24). Patients were assessed at intake, during treatment, and 7 months after treatment admission. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups in treatment retention/attendance. Few significant group differences were revealed during-treatment urine screens, except that barbiturate use was more common for the APD only group. The APD only group also had significantly more positive urine screens for benzodiazepines than the other three groups at 7-month follow-up. All groups reported considerable improvement in problem level at 7 months compared with admission status. The APD only group reported fewer gains in legal and employment problems than the other groups but reported greater improvement in the drug area. Thus, there was some limited support for a prior finding, based on individual psychotherapy, that the treatment response of APD only patients was inferior to that of APD + DEP patients or non-APD patients.  相似文献   

15.
A controlled study evaluating the effectiveness of exposure plus response-prevention treatment of bulimia nervosa was conducted in a sample of 47 women. This was a four-group comparison involving three treatment conditions and a waiting-list control group. The three treatment conditions were (a) exposure plus response prevention conducted in a single setting (clinic), (b) exposure plus response prevention conducted in multiple settings (clinic, patients' homes, and restaurants), and (c) cognitive–behavioral therapy without exposure plus response prevention. All treatment was provided to groups of 3 patients at a time. Outcome was evaluated at posttreatment and at a 6-month follow-up. The three treatment groups improved significantly on most outcome measures, whereas the waiting-list control group showed little change. At follow-up, there was a slightly better outcome on vomiting behavior and amount of food consumed in one of the test meals for the exposure plus response-prevention groups relative to the no-exposure group. However, on all other measures, the degree of improvement from pretreatment to follow-up was the same for all three treatment groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
The effects of outpatient group behavioral therapy including aerobic exercise (BE), behavioral therapy only (B), and aerobic exercise only (E) on pain and physical and psychosocial disability were evaluated and compared in a group of mildy disabled chronic low-back-pain patients. Ninety-six Ss were randomly assigned to the 3 treatments and a waiting-list control (WL) condition and assessed on a variety of patient self-report, spouse-rated, and direct observational measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Patients in the BE condition, but not the B or E conditions, improved significantly more pretreatment to posttreatment than did WL patients on the patient self-report and observer-rated measures. At both follow-ups, all 3 treatment groups remained significantly improved from pretreatment, with no significant differences among treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

17.
Compared responses to an assertion training and a cognitive self-control treatment as a function of 28 depressed females' (mean age 40 yrs) initial assertion and cognitive self-control skills. 16 other Ss served as waiting list controls. All Ss were assessed on measures including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Beck Depression Inventory, and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. It was predicted that (a) reductions in depression would be greater for treated as compared to waiting-list control conditions and (b) Ss low in a skill (cognitive or assertion) would benefit most from treatment addressing that skill. Only the 1st prediction was supported; treated Ss obtained greater depression reduction than controls. Neither cognitive nor assertion skill level significantly predicted response to the treatments. Effects of the treatments were not specific to targeted skills, and treatment had a significant impact only on cognitive self-control skill. Implications for skills-deficit models of depression therapy are discussed. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
Assigned 28 7–16 yr olds who suffered from migraine headaches to 1 of 2 conditions (treatment group or waiting-list control group). All Ss recorded at breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime whether they had a headache and its intensity. The records of headache index, frequency, duration, intensity, average intensity, and medication generated weekly scores. Analysis showed that Ss in the treatment condition were significantly improved at the end of treatment (7 wks) and at 1-mo follow-up. No improvement was found for control Ss. 93% of Ss in the autogenic feedback condition were clinically improved, using a criterion of 50% reduction of headache activity. Six months after treatment, Ss were asked to complete headache recordings. 13 Ss responded (8 Ss from the treatment groups and 5 from the control group). Treated Ss maintained significant improvement. Findings are important in light of the need for effective nonpharmacological treatment procedures for childhood migraine. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
32 self-referred nightmare sufferers (mean age 36 yrs) were randomly assigned to relaxation training, systematic desensitization, or a waiting-list control. Ss on the average had been having 9 nightmares/mo and reported mean problem duration of 12 yrs prior to treatment. After the intervention phase, both treated groups showed significant decreases in nightmare frequency relative to controls. After subsequent treatment, the waiting-list group showed similarly decreased frequency but remained unimproved on nightmare intensity relative to prior treated groups. Hierarchical desensitization did not increase efficacy at 15 wks beyond benefits associated with relaxation alone. At 25 wks, however, desensitized Ss showed significantly greater reduction in nightmare intensity. Overall, at least 80% reduction in nightmares was reported by 20 Ss, of whom 12 reported total elimination of symptoms at 25-wk follow-up. Some Ss experienced fewer but more intense nightmares, others maintained frequency of previously disturbing dreams but were no longer awakened or distressed by them, and 2 reported substantial worsening of symptoms. Unfavorable outcome was associated with personality disorder profiles on the MMPI. Findings are discussed in relation to a conceptualization of nightmares as a symptom of a more generalized arousal disorder. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

20.
30 married and 30 single nonorgasmic women (mean age 29 yrs) participated in a clinical outcome study of sexual dysfunction. Ss were randomly divided into 3 groups: videotape modeling, written instructions, and waiting-list control. Both treatment procedures involved a 6-wk, self-administered masturbation-training program. After the pretest interview, treatment was carried out without direct contact with the experimenter. Of the Ss receiving treatment, 60% became orgasmic by the end of the treatment period. Four additional married Ss became orgasmic by the time of the 1-yr follow-up. For those Ss who failed to transfer orgasmic capacity to coital intercourse, the role of partner dysfunction is discussed. Although no significant differences were found between the videotaped modeling condition and the written instructions group, the overall effectiveness of the treatment compares favorably with other treatment programs. With respect to cost–benefit assessment, however, the self-administered treatment is clearly superior. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号