Computer aided analysis on the meshing behavior of a height-modified dual-torus double-enveloping toroidal worm drive

A flank modification methodology is proposed for the double-enveloping toroidal worm drive and a novel type of the dual-torus double-enveloping toroidal worm drive (the DTT worm drive) is developed. Because the height variation of the tool relative to the position during generating an unmodified worm is the unique modification parameter, this novel type of worm drive can be named as the height-modified DTT worm drive. Based on a strict meshing analysis, the selection principle of the modification style is recommended. A systematic and thorough study is conducted on the meshing behavior of the height-modified DTT worm pair by means of a computer simulation. The investigation results show that the height-modified DTT worm drive has favorable meshing performance.     

求解面齿轮啮合轨迹的新方法

根据面齿轮传动的点接触原理,提出一种求解面齿轮啮合轨迹的新方法,假设小齿轮、刀具、面齿轮三齿面同时啮合,通过求解小齿轮一刀具接触线和面齿轮一刀具接触线的交点,以确定它们在固定坐标系下的啮合线,从而反求面齿轮和小齿轮齿面上的啮合轨迹;通过MATLAB的数值计算功能,利用新方法求解了面齿轮传动的啮合轨迹,并与轮齿接触方法(TCA)求得的面齿轮啮合轨迹进行对比,发现结果一致,证明了方法的可行性;对安装误差下的面齿轮传动进行了分析,研究了不同安装误差对面齿轮啮合轨迹的影响.     

基于数值方法的内超环面齿轮齿廓离散建模

超环面行星蜗杆传动系统中的关键零件内超环面齿轮的齿面是一种复杂的 空间曲面。为了实现复杂曲面的数控加工和采用有限元方法对其进行接触分析时,能否获得 精确的内超环面齿轮的实体模型是解决问题的关键。本文针对内超环面齿轮数字化建模问 题,根据内超环面齿轮的数学模型,对其螺旋齿面进行网格划分,提出基于数值方法的内超 环面齿轮离散建模方法。该方法采用截平面蔟将内超环面齿轮模型离散成数据点云,从而获 得内超环面齿轮离散模型,为后期的复杂曲面插值重构提供了基础。     

齿轮传动的CAD软件

在机械传动装置中,广泛地应用着齿轮传动。外啮合圆柱齿轮、内啮合圆柱齿轮、圆维齿轮和蜗轮蜗杆传动是齿轮传动的基本形式。我们在长期工作研究的基础上,建立了一套CAD软件。该软件可自动进行以上四种传动形式的优化设计,可通过人机交互完成齿轮的结构设计,用有限元分析计算齿轮的强度,并可在绘图机上绘制齿轮的工作图。该软件适用性强、使用方便,经过简单的修改便可用于其它机械产品的CAD。     

人字齿轮啮合刚度计算与齿面载荷分布研究

为了精确地进行人字齿轮的强度计算和动态特性分析,首先建立了渐开线真实齿廓的人字齿轮三维模型,提出了一种基于有限元方法和齿轮啮合原理的准确计算人字齿轮啮合刚度和齿面载荷分布的有效方法.方法利用有限元方法计算齿面柔度系数,考虑了齿轮的动态啮合过程.运用该方法计算了一对人字齿轮模型,最后分析了斜齿轮和人字齿轮啮合刚度的关系,得出了斜齿轮和人字齿轮啮合刚度近似相等的结论,为后续的动力学分析提供了准确的刚度激励.     

Application of modified geometry of face gear drive

An enhanced approach for the application of longitudinal plunging in the manufacturing of a double crowned pinion of a face gear drive has been investigated, with the purpose of reducing the sensitivity of the gear drive to misalignments. The process of manufacturing is based on a modification of the movements applied to the grinding disk during the generation of the surfaces of the pinion, consisting in the introduction of a tilt of the plane that contains the planar trajectory performed by the center of the disk. Tooth contact analysis and stress analysis have been considered to simulate the contact and meshing of the gear tooth surfaces and to calculate the evolution of contact and bending stresses of the gear drive along the cycle of meshing. The performed research proves that an appropriate choice of the machine tool settings permits the avoidance of edge contact, in presence of misalignment as well, without a high reduction of the contact ratio. The results are illustrated with numerical examples.     

An innovative approach to NC programming for accurate five-axis flank milling of spiral bevel or hypoid gears

To transfer power, a pair of spiral bevel or hypoid gears engages. From beginning to end of two tooth surfaces engaging with each other: for their rigid property, they contact at different points; and for their plastic property, they contact at small ellipses around the points. On each surface, the contact line (or called as contact path) by connecting these points and the contact area by joining these ellipses are critical to driving performance. Therefore, to machine these surfaces, it is important to machine the contact line and area with higher accuracy than other areas. Five-axis flank milling is efficient and is widely used in industry. However, tool paths for flank milling the gears, which are generated with the existing methods, can cause overcuts on the contact area with large machining errors. To overcome this problem, an innovative approach to NC programming for accurate and efficient five-axis flank milling of spiral bevel or hypoid gears is proposed. First, the necessary conditions of the cutter envelope surface tangent with the designed surface along a designed line are derived to address the overcut problem of five-axis milling. Second, the tooth surface including the contact line and area are represented using their machining and meshing models. Third, according to the tooth surface model, an optimization method based on the necessary conditions is proposed to plan the cutter location and orientation for flank milling the tooth surface. By using these planned tool paths, the overcut problem is eliminated and the machining errors of contact area are reduced. The proposed approach can significantly promote flank milling in the gear manufacturing industry.     

双不确定参数作用下双稳态能量采集系统的随机响应分析

为改善纯电动汽车齿轮传动在整个工况范围内的工作性能,提出一种计及负载扭矩和转速工况影响的齿面修形方法.考虑时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击、齿面摩擦激励,建立了系统动力学分析模型.结合轮齿几何接触分析和承载接触分析,采用遗传算法优化获得全工况最优的齿廓、齿向抛物线修形系数,并对比分析了不同修形方案的抑振效果.结果表明：计及工况影响的齿面修形在全工况下的振动加速度均方根都保持在较低水平,说明这一齿面修形策略具有更好的全局抑振效果.     

纯电动汽车高速齿轮传动全工况抑振修形方法

为改善纯电动汽车齿轮传动在整个工况范围内的工作性能,提出一种计及负载扭矩和转速工况影响的齿面修形方法.考虑时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击、齿面摩擦激励,建立了系统动力学分析模型.结合轮齿几何接触分析和承载接触分析,采用遗传算法优化获得全工况最优的齿廓、齿向抛物线修形系数,并对比分析了不同修形方案的抑振效果.结果表明：计及工况影响的齿面修形在全工况下的振动加速度均方根都保持在较低水平,说明这一齿面修形策略具有更好的全局抑振效果.     

Face-gear drive with spur involute pinion: geometry,generation by a worm,stress analysis

A face-gear drive with a spur involute pinion is considered. The generation of the face gear is based on application of a grinding or cutting worm whereas the conventional method of generation is based on application of an involute shaper. The authors have developed an analytical approach for determination of: (i) the worm thread surface, (ii) avoidance of singularities of the worm thread surface, (iii) dressing of the worm, and (iv) determination of stresses of the face-gear drive. A computer program is developed for simulation of meshing and contact of the pinion and face gear. Correction of machine-tool settings is proposed for reduction of the shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment. An automatic development of the model of five contacting teeth has been proposed for stress analysis. Numerical examples for illustration of the developed theory are provided.     

Precise Design and Stress Analysis of Straight Conical Gear

1 Introduction Straight conical gears are widely used in power transmission between perpendicular shafts. In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in conical involute gears. Apart from being frequently used in anti-backlash schemes, they are, according to Mitome, also used as reduction gears[1], miter gears, trimming gears and differential gears. The conical involute gear, which is also called beveloid gear by some authors, is an involute gear with tapered tooth thickness, t…     

基于B 样条曲面插值误差控制的内超环面齿轮齿面建模

针对内超环面齿轮齿面数控加工精度难以保证的问题,提出一种基于B 样条曲面 插值误差控制的内超环面齿轮齿面建模的方法。该方法以内超环面齿轮理论齿面原型为依据, 运用B 样条曲面构造插值曲面,计算插值曲面片与理论齿面之间的误差。通过插值误差分析, 根据误差分布特点,将型值点网格不断细化,获得一组型值点阵,经插值重构后可得到满足精 度要求的内超环面齿轮齿廓模型。最后,通过数控加工验证了建模的有效性。基于B 样条曲面 插值误差控制的内超环面齿轮齿面建模方法为获得高精度的内超环面齿轮实体模型奠定了理 论基础。     

Research on Design Method of Non-Circular Gear Pair with Double Generating Angles

In order to enhance the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair, the non-circular gear pair with double generating angles is proposed based on the design idea of unsymmetrical gear with double pressure angles. The tooth profile is designed by generating cutting theory, the pure rolling mathematic model that the center line of unsymmetrical rack roll along non-circular pitch curve is built, the digital model of non-circular gear with double generating angles is created through the second development method of CAD software, and then the drive characteristic and tooth strength are analyzed. The results show that the design method for double generating angles non-circular gear proposed in this paper is feasible, which is significant to improve the bearing capacity of non-circular gear pair.     

Computerized design of advanced straight and skew bevel gears produced by precision forging

The computerized design of advanced straight and skew bevel gears produced by precision forging is proposed. Modifications of the tooth surfaces of one of the members of the gear set are proposed in order to localize the bearing contact and predesign a favorable function of transmission errors. The proposed modifications of the tooth surfaces will be computed by using a modified imaginary crown-gear and applied in manufacturing through the use of the proper die geometry. The geometry of the die is obtained for each member of the gear set from their theoretical geometry obtained considering its generation by the corresponding imaginary crown-gear. Two types of surface modification, whole and partial crowning, are investigated in order to get the more effective way of surface modification of skew and straight bevel gears. A favorable function of transmission errors is predesigned to allow low levels of noise and vibration of the gear drive. Numerical examples of design of both skew and straight bevel gear drives are included to illustrate the advantages of the proposed geometry.     

基于LabVIEW的光栅测量系统设计

在常用的传动元件蜗杆的生产中,可以通过检测蜗杆副啮合运动时传动中心距的变化来快速检测其加工是否合格。基于虚拟仪器设计理论,以LabVIEW8．6虚拟仪器作为软件开发平台,单片机STC89C55作为下位机主控芯片,设计出适合实际需要的数据实时采集系统。该系统采用数字式传感器光栅尺和角编码器结合单片机控制实现实时数据采集。利用串行通信的方式在上位机的LabVIEW8．6上实现了光栅测量系统的数据图形显示和分析统计等功能。     

机器人柔性关节准椭球面齿轮传动—节曲面的优化设计

本文针对“东方”喷漆机器人柔性关节上装用的球面齿轮传动装置存在的问题,研制出了一种新型的可实现精密全方位变传动比的准椭球面齿轮传动.本篇依据空间双自由度啮合条件,对准椭球面齿轮的传动比函数及节曲面有关参数进行了优化设计.     

二级减速器齿轮传动性能分析和修形优化设计

为改善齿轮传动性能,分析某二级减速器齿轮的静强度、载荷分布和传递误差,发现其低速齿轮副的载荷分布偏载和传递误差相对较大。选取遗传算法V2,结合Romax Designer,对比分析几种齿廓修形与齿向修形的组合方式,其中最好的修形方式是将齿向鼓形修形和齿向斜度修形相结合。采取该方式对齿轮副进行优化,优化后低速齿轮副的传递误差比修形前减小92.41%,齿轮载荷分布得到改善,低速齿轮副的单位载荷降低,齿轮副的可靠性和使用寿命均提高。齿轮修形优化后的减速器传动更平稳,振动和噪声减小。     

An accurate model of high-performance manufacturing spiral bevel and hypoid gears based on machine setting modification

Machine setting modification especially considering the tooth contact performance is always vital to design and manufacture for the spiral bevel and hypoid gears. With the application of new manufacture concepts and advanced design methods, a closed-loop complex model is established to execute the high-performance manufacture. Firstly, an optimization model of machine settings modification considering the residual ease-off is established by correlating the tooth flank represented by universal machine settings. Furthermore, a trust region algorithm with control strategies concerning: (i) double Dogleg algorithm for the iteration step and (ii) updating damping efficient for the trust region radius is employed to obtain the target flank. Finally, a closed-loop measurement-modification-manufacturing (3M) model for high-performance manufacture of the spiral bevel and hypoid gear is established. Where, it mainly describes the accurate machine setting modification considering tooth contact performances. Some numerical examples in practical application can verify the accuracy and performance of the proposed model.     

A new method for calculating time-varying torsional stiffness of RV reducers with variable loads and tooth modifications

Rotate vector (RV) reducers have advantages of high torque ratio, and extremely reliable functioning under dynamic load conditions, and so forth, and they are extensively used in precision transmissions, such as industrial robots. The torsional stiffness of RV reducers is a main parameter affecting the meshing vibration and transmission performance. In addition, the variable loads and tooth modifications have significant influence on the torsional stiffness of RV reducers. In this paper, a new method of calculating torsional stiffness for RV reducers considering variable loads and tooth modifications is presented. The dynamic stress and deformation of meshing teeth are calculated based on Hertz formulation, and the number of meshing teeth is determined by analyzing the dynamic stress of meshing teeth. Then, the torsional stiffness of RV reducers is obtained. Finite element method is applied to calculate the deformation of cycloidal-pin gear in the maximum force position δ_max. The influence of variable applied loads and different tooth modifications of cycloidal-pin gear transmission on torsional stiffness are also studied. The results show that variable applied loads and different tooth modifications influence the torsional stiffness of RV reducers by changing teeth deformation and clearance, respectively.