ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WHEAT CARYOPSES AND EMBRYOS EXTRACTS

Phenolic compounds were extracted with 80% methanol from caryopses and embryos of wheat (cv. Alba and Elena). In extracts the content of total phenolics was determined and UV spectra recorded. For all extracts the antioxidant activity in a β-carotene-linoleate model system, scavenging effect on DPPH radical, and reducing power were examined. Extracts of wheat embryos were characterized by a higher content of total phenolics. UV spectra of phenolic compounds extracted from wheat caryopses were characterized by maxima close to 320 nm due to phenolic acids, and by maxima at shorter wavelengths (272–280 nm) attributed to other phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activities of extracts from caryopses in a β-carotene-linoleate model system were higher than those from embryos. The results so obtained were similar to those observed previously for extracts of rye and triticale grains and leguminous seeds. The scavenging effect of wheat extracts on DPPH radical and their reduction power were weak, but those for embryos extracts were somewhat stronger.     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ROSEMARY AND SAGE EXTRACTS IN RAPESEED OIL

Rosemary and sage leaves were extracted with hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Yields of extracts and of carnosic acid contents were higher in solvents of medium polarity. Both carnosic acid and carnosol showed medium activity in deodorized rapeseed oil, about the same as that of butylated hydroxyanisole. Carnosic acid was moderately more active than carnosol, and the resulting oxidative stability of extracts was correlated with the content of carnosic acid, but not with the content of carnosol. The antioxidant activity was about the same in rapeseed oil as in sunflower oil, but substantially lower than that in lard. Antioxidant activities, expressed as protection factors, were higher under Schaal oven test conditions at 40 or 60C than when determined in Oxipres at 100C. The dependence of the concentration of antioxidants and the protection factor showed similar negative exponential relations in all tests.     

罗汉果皂甙提取物的分离、纯化及对体外自由基的清除作用

研究了罗汉果皂甙提取物的分离、纯化工艺及对体外自由基的清除作用。结果表明:①选用大孔树脂H可较好地分离纯化罗汉果皂甙,所制备的罗汉果皂甙提取物皂甙含量比分离前提高了32.90%。②罗汉果皂甙V的高效液相制备条件为:制备柱:Shim-PackPREP-ODS(0.25m×20.0φ)柱,流动相:20.5%乙腈,流速:8.0mL/min。③罗汉果皂甙提取物具有清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的作用,其中罗汉果皂甙V具有很强的清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的活性,表明罗汉果中主要的皂甙成分-罗汉果皂甙V是其主要的抗氧化活性成分。     

山楂提取物抗氧化能力的研究

采用清除DPPH·自由基法,研究山楂提取物的抗氧化能力,并以IC50值为指标,比较山楂提取物、Vc和槲皮素的抗氧化能力。结果表明：山楂提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,抗氧化能力Vc〉槲皮素〉山楂提取物。     

苹果多酚提取物抗氧化活性研究

测定各种苹果提取物中的总酚含量并研究其抗氧化活性。采用Folin—ciocaheau法测定各种苹果不同部位的总酚含量,从还原能力、抗氧化活性、抗脂质过氧化等方面对苹果多酚提取物的抗氧化活性进行比较研究。苹果多酚提取物具有较强的还原能力和抗氧化活性,对脂质过氧化产生的超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的抑制作用,且在试验浓度范围内其最大抑制率优于同浓度二丁基羟基甲苯的效果。苹果多酚提取物是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。     

ANTIOXIDANT AND CALMODULIN-INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPONENTS IN FRUIT WINES AND ITS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Fruits are rich sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenols that are important nutraceutical components. Processed products of various fruits such as wines and juices, also contain these nutraceuticals, and have been proposed to be the primary components that provide health-beneficiary effects to the cardiovascular system. In the present study, we have evaluated the antioxidant and calmodulin-inhibitory effects of three fruit wines and a red grape wine to provide a comparison in their nutraceutical properties. Using in vitro systems that generate superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, all the wines and their partially purified phenolic extracts were demonstrated to possess strong superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. On the basis of specific phenolic content, the summer cherry, blackberry and blueberry wines were 30–40% more efficient in superoxide radical scavenging than red grape wine. Similarly, blueberry wine demonstrated considerably high hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency than the other wines. The flavonoid aglycones such as catechin and naringenin, were as efficient or more in scavenging superoxide radicals, as ascorbate. As well, these compounds also scavenged hydroxyl radicals, as or more effectively than melatonin, a known hydroxyl radical scavenger. All the wines had components that inhibited calcium and calmodulin-promoted phosphodiesterase activity, indicating their potential to interfere with the calcium second messenger function. Blueberry, blackberry and red wine components were more effective in the inhibition of calmodulin-promoted phosphodiesterase than those from summer cherry wine. Active oxygen scavenging or calmodulin-inhibitory properties appear to be associated with a variety of wine components that may provide synergistic action than any single components in them. This study paves way for the potential use of fermentation biotechnology to optimize the enzymatic release and levels of nutritionally important phenolic components in fruit wines.     

香菇中一种抗氧化活性成分的分离及组成分析

香菇全体经浸提,匀浆,脱色等预处理,经DEAE纤维素柱及Ultrogel ACA-44凝胶柱层析得到一种具有高抗氧化活性的成分(Le-Ⅱ).其浓度为1 g/L时可完全清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH).Le-Ⅱ红外扫描有典型的多糖和蛋白质的吸收峰.氨基酸分析表明其氨基酸种类齐全,其中酸性氨基酸与中性氨基酸较多,蛋白质质量含量为14.29%.气相色谱测得单糖组成为鼠李糖,阿拉伯糖,甘露糖,葡萄糖,摩尔比为0.58:0.67:0.78:3.69.多糖质量含量为1.29%.β-消去反应表明Le-Ⅱ中存在O-型连接的糖蛋白.刚果红反应初步表明其多糖部分存在三股螺旋构象.     

ANTIOXIDANT AND CALMODULIN-INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPONENTS IN FRUIT WINES AND ITS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Fruits are rich sources of anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenols that are important nutraceutical components. Processed products of various fruits such as wines and juices, also contain these nutraceuticals, and have been proposed to be the primary components that provide health-beneficiary effects to the cardiovascular system. In the present study, we have evaluated the antioxidant and calmodulin-inhibitory effects of three fruit wines and a red grape wine to provide a comparison in their nutraceutical properties. Using in vitro systems that generate superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, all the wines and their partially purified phenolic extracts were demonstrated to possess strong superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. On the basis of specific phenolic content, the summer cherry, blackberry and blueberry wines were 30-40% more efficient in superoxide radical scavenging than red grape wine. Similarly, blueberry wine demonstrated considerably high hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency than the other wines. The flavonoid aglycones such as catechin and naringenin, were as efficient or more in scavenging superoxide radicals, as ascorbate. As well, these compounds also scavenged hydroxyl radicals, as or more effectively than melatonin, a known hydroxyl radical scavenger. All the wines had components that inhibited calcium and calmodulin-promoted phosphodiesterase activity, indicating their potential to interfere with the calcium second messenger function. Blueberry, blackberry and red wine components were more effective in the inhibition of calmodulin-promoted phosphodiesterase than those from summer cherry wine. Active oxygen scavenging or calmodulin-inhibitory properties appear to be associated with a variety of wine components that may provide synergistic action than any single components in them. This study paves way for the potential use of fermentation biotechnology to optimize the enzymatic release and levels of nutritionally important phenolic components in fruit wines.     

松木层孔菌多糖的提取及抗氧化性研究

首次从松木层孔菌子实体中分离制备3种多糖，并对其抗氧化性进行了研究。结果表明：水提多糖（PSⅠ）、碱提多糖（PSⅡ）、磺化多糖（PSⅢ）均为13构型，单糖纽成以葡萄糖为主（87．43％-90．17％），其次为甘露糖、半乳糖、木糖、核糖。3种多糖分子量分别为230kDa、29kDa、27kDa，均与少量蛋白结合，形成多糖肽，蛋白质含量分别为18．69％、6．72％、2．56％。抗氧化结果表明PSⅡ和PSⅢ的抗氧化效果最好。两种多糖在浓度为1．25mg／mL时，对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率均达到90％以上，在12mg／mL时，羟自由基清除率分别达到81．25％和85．37％，在浓度为10．6mg／mL时，丙二醛生成抑制率均达到65％左右。因此PSⅡ和PSⅢ可作为优良的抗氧化荆应用于食品和保健品领域。     

无梗五加果黄酮的提取及抗油脂氧化性能的研究

以无梗五加的果实为原料,采用乙醇回流法提取黄酮,采用烘箱法高温诱导猪油发生过氧化反应,以研究粗黄酮对油脂的抗氧化性.结果表明：乙醇回流提取无梗五加果黄酮的最佳工艺为：50%乙醇、料液比1：80、提取时间4小时、提取1次.从无梗五加中提取的粗黄酮对猪油有明显的抗氧化作用.     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WHITE WINE EXTRACTS AND SOME PHENOLIC ACIDS TOWARD CORN OIL OXIDATION

The ability of white wine extracts and some phenolic acids to inhibit corn oil oxidation was evaluated by monitoring the absorbance at 234 nm and the p-anisidine value. Wine extracts, each at 120 mg/L total phenolics, were tested in corn oil stripped of tocopherols kept at 50C. Two extracts rich in phenolic acids significantly inhibited oil oxidation, the most active being equivalent to butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) at 200 mg/L. Moreover, four phenolic acids were tested in corn oil stripped of tocopherols kept at 50C and in edible corn oil kept at 110C. Gallic acid and caffeic acid, each at 80 mg/L, appeared to be stronger antioxidants than BHA at 200 mg/L. The present results indicate that some white wine phenolics, such as phenolic acids, may be strong antioxidants in corn oil. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of gallic acid and caffeic acid indicates their potential application in corn oil.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The antioxidant activity of white wine phenolic extracts toward corn oil oxidation and the characterization of active phenolic compounds may be useful in developing nutrient antioxidants for corn oil. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of gallic acid and caffeic acid indicates their potential application in corn oil.     

油茶肉质果、叶提取液抗氧化作用的研究

通过观察FF/FL对Fe^2＋和H2O2激发的正常小鼠肝组织匀浆体外MDA生成的影响;观察FF/FL对H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血的抑制作用;观察FF/FL对邻苯三酚自氧化产生的O2-·及Fe^3＋-EDTA-Vc-H2O2自由基产生系统产生的OH·的清除作用;连续7d灌胃FF/FL,测定小鼠体内SOD活性及MDA含量后,探讨油茶肉质果（FF）和油茶肉质叶（FL）提取物体内外抗氧化作用。结果：FF/FL均能抑制红细胞自氧化,FF/FL均可抑制Fe^2＋和H2O2激发的正常小鼠肝组织匀浆体外MDA的生成;FF/FL均能清除超氧阴离子（O2-·）和羟自由基（OH·）;FF/FL均能增加小鼠血清SOD活性及降低MDA含量。结论：FF/FL具有一定的抗氧化作用,能直接清除活性氧自由基,提高SOD的活性及降低MDA含量。     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM RAPESEED OIL CAKES

Oil cakes were prepared from commercial rapeseeds of the double-low Bolko variety using a complete technological line. Samples of the oil cake containing 8.1, 9.9, 11.4, and 14.4% moisture were stored for 1, 2 and 3 months at 15C and a relative humidity of 78%. The content of total phenolics in the extracts so obtained did not depend on the moisture content of the oil cake or the length of storage; values ranged from 77 to 81 mg/g. In the extract obtained from nonpressed rapeseeds, a similar content of total phenolics (80 mg/g) was determined. UV spectra of the extracts studied were characterized by maximum absorbance at 330 nm. This wavelength indicates that sinapine was the main phenolic compound in the extracts. However, the extract obtained from the cake with the lowest moisture content and stored for 3 months exhibited a maximum absorbance at 328 nm. All the extracts showed good antioxidant activity, as assessed using a β-carotenelinoleate model system. Antioxidative properties of extracts obtained from rapeseed cakes were similar to those of extracts from nonpressed seeds.     

POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MARINE RED ALGA GRATELOUPIA FILICINA EXTRACTS

Grateloupia filicina is an important alga cultivated as a source of food in Korea and Japan. In order to examine its potential antioxidant activity, crude extracts of G. filicina were evaluated for their effect on scavenging of reactive oxygen species (DPPH, H, H₂O₂ and O₂) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The activities of these extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and α-tocopherol. The methanolic extract (2 mg/mL) of G. filicina scavenged 82% of DPPH radicals which is almost three times higher than that of BHT. The same methanolic extract scavenged 65% of superoxide onion which is almost two times higher than that of BHT and α-tocopherol. In contrast, the extracts in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than all commercial antioxidants tested in a linoleic acid model system.