单壁碳纳米管储氢的量子理论模型

一些研究结果表明,碳纳米管是一种很有前途的储氢材料,并且这已成为纳米材料应用研究中的一项热点内容。尽管在碳纳米管储氢方面已有一些实验结果,但是就其储氢机理的研究还很不深入。在对单壁碳纳米管储氢问题的研究中,提出了碳纳米管的量子理论模型,根据解定态Schr?dinger方程,得出了H2分子沿管的径向穿透几率,从量子隧道贯穿角度,阐述了单壁碳纳米管的储氢机制。     

碳纳米管储氢性能的研究进展

介绍了单壁碳纳米管和多壁碳纳米管对氢气的吸附实验和模拟计算研究进展;综述了该领域的最新研究成果;讨论了碳纳米管储氢性能的可行性和应用前景。     

单壁碳纳米管储氢的统计理论模型

氢能是一种洁净的可再生的能源,从长远的观点看,氢能的发展与利用能够使能源结构发生重大变化。一些研究结果表明,碳纳米管是一种很有前途的储氢材料,并且这已成为纳米材料应用研究中的一项热点内容。尽管在碳纳米管储氢方面已有一些实验结果,但是就其储氢机理的研究还很不深入,特别是储氢量的理论公式还难以见有报道。从碳原子对氢分子的吸附作用出发,提出统计理论模型,得出了储氢量公式,并与一些实验结果基本符合。这为碳纳米管储氢研究提供了理论依据。     

碳纳米管表面处理对储氢性能的影响

碳纳米管的表面特性决定着与氢之间的相互作用。为获得良好的吸附表面,使用浓硝酸和ＮａＯＨ溶液对碳纳米管进行了表面处理,改善了比表面积和表面活性,从面使氢吸附率达到了５％（室温和１０ＭＰａ的条件下）,实验结果稳定。     

新型储氢材料研究进展

氢能作为一种环保可再生的新型能源,生产技术逐渐走向成熟,成本大幅度下降,将迎来快速发展的机遇期。氢能被广泛利用的关键在于是否能够实现高效储存。本文重点讨论了四类新型储氢材料,即金属络合氢化物储氢材料、碳纳米管储氢材料、沸石以及新型沸石类材料、有机液态储氢材料。文章指出：金属络合氢化物储氢材料储存压力低但循环稳定性差;碳纳米管储氢材料已经有很长的发展历史,安全性高且易脱氢,然而目前对其储氢机理认识不够成熟;沸石以及新型沸石类材料价格低廉,但是对反应条件的要求高;有机液态储氢材料被认为是大规模储存和运输的可行选择,然而昂贵的成本和苛刻的反应条件限制了其发展。文章指出后续需要改进并开发具有较高存储容量和具有经济价值的储氢材料。     

单壁碳纳米管内1,4-萘琨电池电极材料性能的研究

1,4-萘琨具有两个羰基结构,其理论容量高达357 mAh/g.然而,1,4-萘琨同时存在导电性较差,易溶解在电解液中等问题,限制了其应用.研究了将单壁碳纳米管作为封装材料,将1,4-萘琨分子封装在单壁碳纳米管内部,来解决上述问题.研究发现,封装在单壁碳纳米管内部的1,4-萘琨趋于稳定,可制备出可应用于水系电解液电池的...     

单壁纳米碳管的纯化及其储氢特性

针对半连续氢电弧法制备的单壁纳米碳管提出了一种纯化方法。采用HNO3和H2O2回流水煮的方法对单壁纳米碳管进行了纯化处理，透射电镜观察及热重分析表明样品中的无定形炭、纳米碳颗粒及金属催化剂颗粒等杂质可被有效去除，提纯后单壁纳米碳管的收率约为35％，纯度在95％以上；研究发现该纯化方法对单壁纳米碳管的孔径分布和比表面积有较大影响。采用体积法测定了纯化前后单壁纳米碳管样品的储氢容量，结果表明纯化样品的储氢量为1．65％，比未提纯样品（0．56％）有较大提高。     

单壁碳纳米管分离研究

根据导电性能不同,单壁碳纳米管可以分为金属型和半导体型。目前所有方法制备的单壁碳纳米管,其产物为金属型和半导体型单壁碳纳米管的混合物,且很难将它们分开,这极大地阻碍了单壁碳纳米管在很多领域的应用。本文介绍了单壁碳纳米管的结构与导电性能的关系,着重综述了最新金属型和半导体型单壁碳纳米管的分离方法。     

碳纳米管制备及其储氢研究现状

随着传统资源日益枯竭,人们迫切需要寻找新的洁净能源。氢能储存是氢能利用的关键,碳纳米管具有高的比表面积及一些普通材料所不具有的特异效应和性能,因此有望成为最佳的储氢材料。系统介绍碳纳米管的各种制备方法,并对其中一些有发展前途的方法如电弧法、激光烧灼法等进行了讨论和比较,分析了这些方法的优缺点。介绍碳纳米管在储氢应用方面的最新研究进展,对碳纳米管在储氢方面所存在的问题进行了分析。     

双壁碳纳米管与定向碳纳米管的储氢性能比较研究

引言氢能以其清洁、高效等优势,被公认为解决能源危机和环境污染日益严重问题的最有前途的可再生二次能源之一。氢气安全、高效的储存和运输已成为氢能利用体系中的瓶颈问题。氢的液态和高压气态储存安全性差、能耗高。金属氢化物储氢的单·位质量的储氢能力较低,储氢过程中合金的活化、     

碳纳米管(CNT)及其储氢特性研究进展

综述了碳纳米管的不同制备和提纯方法,重点对碳纳米管在储氢实验方面的研究进行了介绍。并提出了今后碳纳米管储氢研究的方向。     

Preferential Growth of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrate by Europium Oxide

In this paper, we have demonstrated that europium oxide (Eu₂O₃) is a new type of active catalyst for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) growth under suitable conditions. Both random SWNT networks and horizontally aligned SWNT arrays are efficiently grown on silicon wafers. The density of the SWNT arrays can be altered by the CVD conditions. This result further provides the experimental evidence that the efficient catalyst for SWNT growth is more size dependent than the catalysts themselves. Furthermore, the SWNTs from europium sesquioxides have compatibly higher quality than that from Fe/Mo catalyst. More importantly, over 80% of the nanotubes from Eu₂O₃ are semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs), indicating the preferential growth of s-SWNTs from Eu₂O₃. This new finding could open a way for selective growth of s-SWNTs, which can be used as high-current nanoFETs and sensors. Moreover, the successful growth of SWNTs by Eu₂O₃ catalyst provides new experimental information for understanding the preferential growth of s-SWNTs from Eu₂O₃, which may be helpful for their controllable synthesis.     

多壁碳纳米管氟化改性新方法研究

以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）高温热解产生的含氟气体作为氟化剂与多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）反应制备了氟化多壁碳纳米管（F-MWCNTs）,并运用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、接触角测试等手段对其进行了检测。结果显示,多壁碳纳米管表面有C-F键生成,样品结构未遭破坏且疏水性得到改善,取得了较好效果。与以氟气作氟化剂的传统方法相比,该方法操作更简单安全、成本更低,有望应用于工业化生产。     

d-(+)-Galactose-Conjugated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as New Chemical Probes for Electrochemical Biosensors for the Cancer Marker Galectin-3

d-(+)-Galactose-conjugated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized for use as biosensors to detect the cancer marker galectin-3. To investigate the binding of galectin-3 to the d-(+)-galactose-conjugated SWCNTs, an electrochemical biosensor was fabricated by using molybdenum electrodes. The binding affinities of the conjugated SWCNTs to galectin-3 were quantified using electrochemical sensitivity measurements based on the differences in resistance together with typical I-V characterization. The electrochemical sensitivity measurements of the d-(+)-galactose-conjugated SWCNTs differed significantly between the samples with and without galectin-3. This indicates that d-(+)-galactose-conjugated SWCNTs are potentially useful electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cancer marker galectin-3.     

金属储氢材料研究进展

综述了金属储氢原理、目前国内外金属储氢材料的研究现状及应用研究进展,对镁系、稀土系、Laves相系、钛系及金属配位氢化物等几个系列金属储氢材料当前的研究热点和存在问题进行了详细介绍,并对未来金属储氢材料在民品和军工方面的应用研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。     

Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Macrophages through Respiratory Burst Modulation

The biodegradation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be one of major determinants of the toxic outcomes in exposed individuals. In this study, we employed a macrophage/monocyte model, Raw264.7, to investigate the feasibility of regulating the biodegradation of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (pristine, ox-, and OH-SWCNTs) by respiratory burst modulation. An artificial fluid mimicking the enzymatic reactions of respiratory burst was constituted to reveal the role of respiratory burst played in SWCNT biodegradation. The biodegradation of SWCNTs were characterized by Raman, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed significantly accelerated biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs and OH-SWCNTs in macrophages activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which could be prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), whereas p-SWCNTs were resistant to biodegradation. Similar tendencies were observed by using the in vitro enzymatic system, and the degradation rates of these SWCNTs are in the order of OH-SWCNTs > ox-SWCNTs >> p-SWCNTs, suggesting a pivotal role of respiratory burst in accelerating the biodegradation of SWCNTs and that defect sites on SWCNTs might be a prerequisite for the biodegradation to occur. Our findings might provide invaluable clues on the development of intervention measurements for relieving the side effects of SWCNTs and would help to design safer SWCNT products with higher biodegradability and less toxicity.     

Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water with Polyphosphazene Polyelectrolyte

A polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte was prepared as a dispersing agent of SWNTs in water. Poly(organophosphazene) was prepared by sequential treatment of poly(dichlorophosphazene) with sodium 4-phenylphenoxide, sodium phenoxide, and sodium trifluoroethoxide in THF. Their substitution percentages were 60, 24, and 16%, respectively. A water-soluble polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte was obtained by sulfonation of aromatic rings by using fuming sulfuric acid. SWNTs were dispersed in an aqueous polymer solution by sonication to give a black homogeneous dispersion. The supramolecular association between the nanotube and the sulfonated polyphosphazene was investigated by TEM, SEM, and AFM. The SEM image of the cleaved edge of the bucky paper, obtained by filtration of the dispersion of SWNTs, showed the nanotubes uniformly wrapped with the polymer. Their diameters were about 30 nm, suggesting small bundles of SWNTs rather than individual SWNTs. Individual SWNTs coated with the polymer were also observed by TEM. The total diameter of the coated tube was about 10 nm and a polymer layer thickness was lager than 4 nm. This paper is dedicated to Professor Harry R. Allcock in recognition of his outstanding contributions to polymer chemistry and his inspirational teaching.     

制氢方法及储氢材料研制进展

随着环境保护意识的日益增强和石油、煤资源的日渐枯竭 ,寻找新的洁净能源已列入人们的议事日程。氢就是一种洁净能源。介绍氢的各种制备方法及近年来储氢材料的研制进展 ,并阐述氢及储氢材料的应用领域。     

镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用

根据化学结构不同将镁基储氢材料分为镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物3类,分别介绍了3类镁基储氢材料在含能材料中应用的研究进展;分析了镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用前景和存在的问题;介绍了计算机模拟技术在研究镁基储氢材料对推进剂热分解影响中的应用情况。结果显示,镁基储氢材料能够通过促进含能材料的热分解过程提升其能量水平,同时其较高的热稳定性有利于改善含能材料组分的相容性和安定性。镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物均可显著提高固体推进剂和炸药的应用性能。因此,镁基储氢材料在含能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。附参考文献47篇。