三烷基铝对甲基铝氧烷性能的影响

研究了不同三烷基铝(TRA)[三甲基铝(TMA)、三乙基铝(TEA)或三异丁基铝(TIBA)]及其用量对甲基铝氧烷(MAO)作为茂金属助催化剂催化乙烯聚合的活性、负载化性能和溶解性的影响。结果表明,当MAO溶液中TMA／MAO(摩尔比)为0．4,TIBA／MAO(摩尔比)为0．3,TEA／MAO(摩尔比)为0．2时,MAO的活性最高;TRA的存在对MAO的负载化性能无影响,但有利于改善MAO在甲苯中的溶解性。     

丁基改性的甲基铝氧烷助催化乙烯聚合

采用丁基改性的甲基铝氧烷(MMAO-Bu)与茂金属或后过渡金属配合物组成催化体系并催化乙烯聚合或齐聚。考察了MMAO-Bu的助催化活性及其对聚乙烯分子量和齐聚产物分布的影响。结果表明,适宜组成的MMAO-Bu可表现出比MAO更高的助催化活性;在MMAO-Bu的助催化作用下,所得聚乙烯具有较宽的分子量分布,而齐聚产物分布向高碳数的方向移动。     

甲基铝氧烷对稀土催化体系催化异戊二烯聚合的影响

考察了甲基铝氧烷(MAO)作为助催化剂对稀土催化体系催化异戊二烯聚合的影响,结果表明MAO可极大地提高体系的催化活性,获得顺-1,4结构含量95%(质量分数)以上的聚异戊二烯,并且调节n(MAO)/n(Nd)和n(Al)/n(Nd)的值可有效地提高聚合产物的相对分子质量.     

二氧化硅晶面对甲基铝氧烷吸附行为分析

采用Material Studios对二氧化硅形成的三种晶面进行计算,并模拟甲基铝氧烷(MAO)在不同晶面产生的吸附行为。结果表明,当形成不同的晶面时,二氧化硅晶体的带宽变宽,表明频带中电子的有效质量越小,非局域性越大,并且频带的原子轨道扩展越强。MAO在SiO_2(100)面吸附形成的带隙为0.016eV,在Si(110)面吸附形成的带隙为0.086eV,而在SiO_2(111)面形成的带隙为0.180eV,表明MAO在SiO_2(111)面产生的吸附最强。MAO在SiO_2(111)形成的吸附行为与自由羟基形成映衬,而自由羟基的减少是由桥连羟基随机缩合反应导致。     

铝氧烷的合成及表征

综述了铝氧烷的制备方法及结构表征,并对其在茂金属催化剂中的作用作了详细介绍。     

后过渡金属Ni配合物/甲基铝氧烷催化丙烯低聚

设计并合成了一种新型的后过渡金属Ni配合物[ArN=C(R)C(R)=NAr]NiCl2(R,R=I,8-naphth-diyl,Ar=x-C6H4,x=p-CH3).采用该配合物,甲基铝氧烷(MAO)组成的催化体系催化丙烯低聚,研究了低聚反应温度、Al/Ni摩尔比、反应压力等因素对催化剂的活性及低聚产物碳数分布的影响.结果表明:该配合物催化丙烯低聚具有较高的催化活性,产物主要以四聚物、五聚物为主.     

烷基铝氧烷合成技术研究进展

基于传统釜式反应器的烷基铝氧烷生产技术仍存在过程危险、控制难、收率低、经济性差等问题，首先回顾了传统烷基铝水解路线中将水以不同方式引入反应体系的过程，重点介绍了应用3D打印和流动化学技术的烷基铝氧烷合成系统设计，包括甲基铝氧烷（MAO）与异丁基铝氧烷（IBAO）合成、产物在线监测、反应焓测定以及改性甲基铝氧烷（MMAO）合成。流动化学系统将水以单分散微水滴的形式引入反应体系，提高了反应的传热、传质性能，实现了烷基铝氧烷的小型化、连续化、安全化生产，产品收率高，其助催化活性均达到或超过市售产品水平，并可通过微反应器放大技术进一步扩大生产能力。流动化学合成烷基铝氧烷的技术具有广阔应用前景，也为其他快速、强放热、多相反应提供了解决方案。     

硅铝氧烷溶胶复合PMMA增强NBR

用２－甲基丙烯酸与硅酸钠，硝酸名反应，制得硅铝氧溶胶，。在该溶胶存在下进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯无皂乳液聚合，蜊硅铝氧烷溶胶复合聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯填充到丁腈橡胶中，其硫化胶性能与填充硅铝氧溶胶者相比，拉伸强度有明显提高，硫化促进作用也很明显。从拉伸断裂面的ＳＥＭ照片可以看出前者呈韧性裂，而后者为脆性断裂。     

异丙氧基钕[Nd（Oi-Pr）3]/甲基铝氧烷（MAO）催化体系催化月桂烯聚合

以Nd（Oi-Pr）3/MAO为催化体系进行月桂烯聚合。结果表明,该催化体系具有高活性和高顺式-1,4选择性,所得聚合物顺式-1,4-结构摩尔分数可达95.6%。聚合温度的升高可显著提高聚合速率,在0℃下聚合24 h,聚合物收率仅为15.8%;而在70℃下聚合1 h,聚合物收率可达99.0%。随着聚合温度的升高,链转移反应增强,聚合物的相对分子质量下降;同时由于体系中所形成的对式Nd-η^3-烯丁基转变为热力学上更为稳定的同式异构体,使得顺式-1,4-结构含量下降。     

超声法制备硅铝氧烷溶胶研究

硅铝氧烷溶胶是一种能使水泥等无机材料与有机颜料牢固结合的物质。本文介绍在超声波的作用下制得的硅铝氧烷溶胶。在自制的彩色水泥加加入硅铝氧烷溶胶并对彩色水泥的耐候性，耐溶剂性，耐热老化性进行测试，效果良好。     

Synthesis and characterization of polybutadiene with monotitanocene/methylaluminoxane catalyst

Butadiene was polymerized using a monotitanocene complex of η⁵‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyltribenzyloxy titanium [Cp*Ti(OBz)₃] in the presence of four types of modified methylaluminoxanes (mMAO), which contained different amounts of residual trimethylaluminum (TMA). The titanium oxidation states in Cp*Ti(OBz)₃/mMAO and Cp*Ti(OBz)₃/mMAO/triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) catalytic systems were determined by redox titration method. The effects of various oxidation states of titanium active species on butadiene polymerization were investigated. It was found that Ti(III) active species is more effective for preparing polybutadiene with high molecular weight. The addition of TIBA to the Cp*Ti(OBz)₃/mMAO system could reduce a greater number of Ti(IV) complexes to Ti(III) species and lead to significant increases of polymerization activity and molecular weight of polymer, whereas the polybutadiene microstructure was only slightly changed. On the basis of microstructure and property characterization by FTIR, ¹³C‐NMR, DSC, and WAXD, all resultant polymers were proved to be amorphous polybutadiene with mixed 1,2; cis‐1,4; and trans‐1,4 structures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2494–2500, 2004     

Effects of residual and external alkylaluminum on the synthesis of syndiotactic polystyrene with cyclopentadienyltitanium tribenzyloxide–methylaluminoxane catalyst

The effects of residual trimethylaluminum (TMA) in methylaluminoxane (MAO) and external alkylaluminum (AlR₃) on styrene syndiotactic polymerization with CpTi(OBz)₃ as a catalyst precursor have been investigated by comparison of the polymerizations using a series of MAOs containing various amounts of residual TMA. The results indicated that the residual TMA plays a deciding role in the reduction of Ti and promotes formation of the active centers for styrene polymerization. The variations in the catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polymer caused by additions of external AlR₃, AlMe₃, AlEt₃, Al(i-Bu)₃, and AlEt₂Cl, into the catalyst systems are quite different, depending the properties of MAO used and the type of the external AlR₃. It was found that there is an optimum range of concentration ratio of the free AlR₃, including the residual TMA and external AlR₃, to the total Al compounds, 25–35 mol %, for maximum catalytic activities. The catalytic activities decrease at the ratios either above or below the range. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 765–770, 1998     

Polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with VO(P204)2 activated by methylaluminoxane,purified methylaluminoxane,and trimethylaluminum

The effect of different aluminum‐based cocatalysts (MAO, pMAO, and TMA) on butadiene (Bd) polymerization catalyzed by VO(P204)2 was investigated. The bimodal dependence of the polymer yield on the [MAO]/[V] molar ratio was revealed, and an highest polymer yield was achieved at a rather low [MAO]/[V] molar ratio ([MAO]/[V] = 13). The microstructures of the resulting poly(Bd)s were also significantly influenced by the ratio. In the TMA or pMAO system, the polymer yields were also very sensitive to the [Al]/[V] molar ratio. However, the microstructures of the resulting poly(Bd)s were almost independent of the ratio. In relation to the microstructures of poly(Bd)s obtained by the MAO and TMA systems at various temperatures, the 1,2‐unit contents were found to be the most abundant microstructure for both systems. In the pMAO system, the trans‐1,4‐units were the most abundant. The results of the additions of Lewis bases (THF and TPP) into Bd polyerization system comfirmed the existing of the two types of the reactions of VO(P₂₀₄)₂‐MAO catalyst and had the polymerization process controlled to some extent. The different thermal behaviors of these catalytic systems also show that multiple types of active centers were formed during the reaction between VO(P₂₀₄)₂ and MAO. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Novel monotitanocene and methylaluminoxane catalyst for syndiospecific polymerization of styrene

Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was synthesized with a novel monotitanocene complex of η⁵‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyltri‐4‐methoxyphenoxy titanium [Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃] activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) in different polymerization media, including heptane, toluene, chlorobenzene, and neat styrene. In all cases bulk polymerization produced sPS with the highest activity and molecular weight. Solution polymerization produced much better activity in heptane than in the other solvents. Using a solvent with a higher dipole moment, such as chlorobenzene resulted in lower activity and syndiotacticity because of the stronger coordination of solvent with the Ti(III) active species, which controlled syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. With bulk polymerization at a higher polymerization temperature the Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃–MAO catalyst produced sPS with high catalytic activity and molecular weight. The external addition of triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) to the Cp*Ti(OC₆H₄OCH₃)₃–MAO system catalyzing styrene polymerization led to significant improvement of activity at a lower Al:Ti molar ratio, while the syndiotacticity and molecular weight of the yields were little affected. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1243–1248, 2001     

Preliminary investigations on polymerization catalysts composed of lanthanocene and methylaluminoxane

Summary The polymerization of butadiene(Bd), isoprene(Ip) and styrene(St) has been examined using the six catalyst systems composed of lanthanocene, (C₅H₉Cp)₂NdCl(I), (C₅H₉Cp)₂SmCl(II), (MeCp)₂Sm OAr'(III), (Ind)₂NdCl(IV), Me₂Si(Ind)₂NdCl(V) and (Flu)₂NdCl(VI), and methylaluminoxane(MAO) respectively. All of them can be used to form the polyisoprene with molecular weights of 1 to 10 thousand and cis-1,4-unit contents of 41 to 47%. (I), (II) and (III) of them can be also used to form the polybutadiene with molecular weights of 10 to 20 thousand and cis-1,4-unit contents of 62 to 78%. In addition, the catalysts from (II) to (V) are still active for St polymerization and (II) of them gives a syndio -rich random polystyrene. It is noteworthy that (II) and (III) are active for homopolymerization of Bd, Ip and St in the same polymerization condition. Received: 16 December 1997/Revised version: 17 March 1998/Accepted: 24 March 1998     

Polymerization of styrene using pyrazolylimine nickel (II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic systems

The polymerization of styrene with two pyrazolylimine nickel (II) complexes of (2-(C₃HN₂Me₂-3, 5)(C(Ph) = N(4-R₂C₆H₂(R₁)₂-2, 6)NiBr₂ (Complex 1 , R₁ = ⁱPr, R₂ = H; Complex 2 , R₁ = H, R₂ = NO₂)) activated by methylaluminoxane was studied. The influences of polymerization parameters such as polymerization temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio, and reaction time on catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polystyrene (PS) were investigated in detail. The electron-withdrawing of nitro group in Complex 2 could not enhance the catalytic activity for styrene polymerization; however, the molecular weights of polymers were increased. Both of the two catalytic systems exhibited high activity [up to 8.45 × 10⁵ gPS/(mol Ni h)] for styrene polymerization and provide PS with moderate to low-molecular weights (M_w = 2.21 × 10⁴∼ 5.71 × 10³ g/mol) and narrower molecular weight distributions about 2.0. The obtained PS were characterized by means of IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR techniques. The results indicated that the PS was atactic polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Polymerization of styrene using novel bispyrazolylimine dinickel (II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic systems

The polymerization of styrene with a series of bispyrazolylimine dinickel (II) complexes of bis‐2‐(C₃HN₂(R₁)₂‐3,5)(C(R₂) = N(C₆H₃(CH₃)₂‐2,6)Ni₂Br₄ (complex 1 : R₁ = CH₃, R₂ = Ph; complex 2 : R₁ = CH₃, R₂ = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl; complex 3 : R₁ = R₂ = Ph; complex 4 : R₁ = Ph, R₂ = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) was studied. The influences of polymerization parameters such as polymerization temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst concentration on catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polystyrene were investigated in detail. The influence of the bulkiness of the substituents on polymerization activity was also studied. All of the four catalytic systems exhibited high activity (up to 10.50 × 10⁵ gPS/(mol Ni h)) for styrene polymerization and provide polystyrene with moderate to low molecular weights (M_w = 4.76 × 10⁴–0.71 × 10⁴ g/mol) and narrower molecular weight distributions about 2. The obtained polystyrene was characterized by means of FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR techniques. The results indicated that the polystyrene was atactic polymer. The analysis of the end groups of polystyrene indicated that styrene polymerization with bispyrazolylimine dinickel complexes/MAO catalytic systems proceeded through a coordination mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

Homopolymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate using bis(salicylaldiminate)copper(II)/ methylaluminoxane catalysts

Polymerization catalysts based on copper precursors appear particularly interesting due to the low metal cost, limited toxicity and modest sensitivity to deactivation by polar species. To date, α‐olefin and polar monomer coordination polymerization catalysed using copper catalysts has been scarcely investigated, and a good part of the literature is represented by patents. Here this research has been expanded to the study of the performances of bis(salicylaldiminate)copper(II)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts in the polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate. The study of the catalytic activity of bis(salicylaldiminate)copper(II)/MAO systems in n‐butyl methacrylate polymerization was focused on the relationship between the catalytic behaviour and the main reaction conditions and ligand structures. The electronic and steric characteristics of the chelate ligands play an important role in the catalytic performances. The presence of electron‐withdrawing nitro groups on the chelate ligands increased the catalytic activity which reached 36 kg_polymer mol^?1 h^?1, the highest value up to now reported for copper systems in methacrylic or acrylic monomer polymerization. These performances were ascribed to copper catalysts activated by MAO: without copper precursor, working in the presence of MAO and free salicylaldimine ligand, complete inactivity was ascertained. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry