PEMFC膜电极制作工艺的研究

提出了新的膜电极结构模式——双网络Nafion被覆膜电极。该模型的催化剂由具有高气体扩散率的薄层Nafion被覆Pt/C催化剂网络与具有高质子传导率的厚层Nafion被覆碳黑电解质网络互联套构而成。通过优化PEMFC膜电极制作工艺条件,制得了活性面积5cm2,Pt载量0.1mg/cm2的双网络膜电极。     

Processes of depositing platinum on carbon nanotubes and their effecton performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The ultrafine platinum nanoparticles deposited on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes (Pt/CNTs) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and used as the catalyst of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The depositing process parameters such as the solution pH value, Pt content and treatment temperature were analyzed. The experimental results show that the optimum process parameters to prepare Pt/CNTs are the solution pH value of 7.0, the theoretical Pt content of 25% (mass fraction) and the heating temperature of 500~C, under the conditions the best performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be obtained and its voltage can reach 580 mV at a current density of 500 mA/cm2.     

Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes based on Nafion and Modified PVDF Electrospun Nanofiber Mats

We fabricated the nanofiber composite membranes by impregnating Nafion into the modified polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) electrospinning nanofiber mat for proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications.The hydrophobic PVDF nanofibers mat became to the hydrophilic state by alkali treatment for the full embedding of Nafion into the PVDF network.The fabricated composite membranes exhibit significantly enhanced thermal stabilities,swelling resistance,and observably improved mechanical property compared to the pristine Nafion membrane.When the content of PVDF nanofiber mat is 15.1wt% in the membrane,the proton conductivity of the nanofiber composite membrane is nearly equal to that of pristine Nafion membrane with the same condition.The experimental results show that the prepared composite membrane can be used as a promising polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications.     

Preparation and properties of composite membrane of bisphenol A-based sulfonated poly（arylene ether sulfone）and phosphotungstic acid for proton exchange membranes

A series of bi A-SPAES(Ds=0.4)/phosphotungstic acid(PWA/bi A-SPAES)composite membranes with various contents of PWA were prepared and characterized by FT-IR.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated the PWA were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEM)in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These membranes showed good thermal stability.It was found that the water uptake of these membranes increased with the increase of the PWA content in the hybrid membranes.Meanwhile,the introduction of inorganic particles increased both the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability.The proton conductivities of composite membranes were increased from 0.017 S/cm to 0.045 S/cm at 20 ℃ and from 0.054 S/cm to 0.093 S/cm at 100 ℃ with the increase of PWA content from 0 to 50 %.Especially,all the methanol diffusion coefficients(4.20×10-8-1.05×10-7cm2/s)of bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes are much lower than that of Nafion 117 membrane(2.1×10-6 cm2/s).Bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes were therefore proposed as candidates of material for PEM in DMFC.     

交联改性PAMPS质子交换膜的制备与性能

制备了聚2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（PAMPS）质子交换膜并对其进行交联改性,研究了膜的含水率、溶胀率、拉伸强度、高温保水率、质子电导率等性能.结果表明,PAMPS均质膜的质子导电率很高（0.32 S/cm）,但溶胀率过高、机械强度差.交联改性后,膜保持高的导电率（3% MBA,0.076 S/cm）和高温保水性能,且膜的溶胀率大幅度降低,机械强度显著提高（3% MBA,23.6 MPa）.     

Pt/石墨烯燃料电池催化剂的制备、表征及性能

采用冷冻干燥-蒸汽还原法成功合成了负载Pt纳米粒子的石墨烯燃料电池催化剂。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Pt/石墨烯催化剂的表面形貌及物相组成进行了表征分析。用循环伏安法(CV)研究了Pt/石墨烯催化剂对酸性条件下甲醇的电催化氧化活性。结果表明,通过冷冻干燥后水合肼蒸汽还原的Pt/石墨烯催化剂样品,Pt颗粒粒径在20～40nm,均匀负载于石墨烯的片层结构上。当Pt负载量为10%时,催化活性最高。     

聚合物电解质燃料电池研究进展

综述了聚合物电解质燃料电池（PEMFC）的研究进展，讨论了PEMFC的五个主要研究问题，比较、分析了Nafion、聚苯并咪唑（PBI）膜和其他质子交换膜性能。最后，对质子交换膜的研究提供了意见。     

Study on High Power MH/Ni Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Metal hydride-nickel cell is one of the best choices for hybrid electric vehicle for its high specific energy density, security, reliability and renewability. However, its poor capability under high temperature and low specific power restrict its applications. Our studies on the metal hydride-nickel cell with different loading densities show that Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH has good oxidation and reduction properties and proton spread rate when the loading density is 0.617kg/m². The power density and energy density can be as high as 1250W/kg and 49.4W ·h/kg respectively when Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH was used in high power battery with the nickel foam.     

Pt负载Li2Co2O4的合成及其析氧性能研究

氢气作为清洁燃料在未来的能源版图中将发挥重要作用。电解水制氢反应只生成氢气和氧气,具有成本低、效率高、环境友好、安全性好等优点,而析氧反应是电解水制氢中的一个关键控速反应步骤。介绍了一种简单的Pt负载Li₂Co₂O₄合成方法,并对其析氧性能进行了表征。调控不同的Pt负载量（质量分数）,比较对电催化性能的影响,最后得到Pt负载量5%为最优负载量。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）对材料的结构进行表征,结果表明,得到了一种在保持催化剂的活性与耐久性的同时能够减少Pt消耗的高效催化剂。     

复杂流道质子交换膜燃料电池的三维数值分析

针对模拟复杂流道设计质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell ，PEMFC）的传热传质过程和电池电化学性能，提出一个稳态的、非等温的三维数学模型.应用模型对一个电极面积为3.12 cm×4 cm，20条通路的“蛇形”流道结构PEMFC进行数值计算，得到电池的流场、局部电流密度和组分浓度等的多维分布.并分析了不同渗透率对电池特性所产生的影响.结果表明,渗透率越高，压力降越小，有利于提高电池的性能.     

纳米孔钒酸铋光电极制备及其在光催化废水燃料电池中的应用

分析了一种独特的、基于过氧钒酸缓慢且可控的还原和转化的方法,用于在FTO基底制备纳米孔钒酸铋(BiVO_4)光阳极。结果表明,所制备的BiVO_4光阳极具有单斜白钨矿结构,以Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,在0. 6 V的偏压下可获得高达1. 10 mA/cm~2的光电流密度。将其与铂修饰的多晶硅电池片光阴极复合构建光催化废水燃料电池。结果表明,其具有优越的降解盐酸四环素性能和良好的稳定性,在4 h内可将盐酸四环素去除70. 8%,而且系统在降解盐酸四环素的同时对外稳定产电。     

Nafion/Silicon Oxide Composite Membrane for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membranes were produced via in situ sol-gel reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate （TEOS） in Nafion membranes. The physicochemical properties of the membranes were studied by FT-IR,TG-DSC and tensile strength. The results show that the silicon oxide is compatible with the Nation membrane and the thermo stability of Nation/Silicon oxide composite membrane is higher than that of Nation membrane. Furthermore, the tensile strength of Nation/Silicon oxide composite membrane is similar to that of the Nation membrane. The proton conductivity of Nation/Silicon oxide composite membrane is higher than that of Nation membrane. When the Nation/Silicon oxide composite membrane was employed as an electrolyte in H2/O2 PEMFC, a higher current density value （1 000 mA/cm^2 at 0.38 V） than that of the Nafion1135 membrane （100 mA/cm^2 at 0.04 V） was obtained at 110 ℃.     

Pt/Nafion改性膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

为了降低由于甲醇渗透导致的电池性能损失,合成了具有阻醇作用的Pt纳米颗粒,并将其用于对Nafion膜的改性.实验结果表明:同原来的Nafion膜相比,Pt/Nafion改性膜具有更低的甲醇渗透率,在高温及高浓度甲醇的测试条件下,表现出更优异的电池性能.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation behavior of L -cysteine at Pt microparticles modified nanofibrous polyaniline film electrode

Platinum（Pt）/nanofibrous polyaniline（PANI） electrode was prepared by pulse galvanostatic method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior of L-cysteine at the Pt/nanofibrous PANI electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the pH value of the solution and the Pt loading of the electrode have great effect on the electrocatalytic property of the Pt/nanofibrous PANI electrode; the suitable Pt loading of the electrode is 600 μg/cm^2 and the suitable pH value of the solution is 4.5 for investigating L-cysteine oxidation. The L-cysteine sensor based on the Pt/nanofibrous PANI electrode has a good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. The Pt/nanofibrous PANI electrode is highly sensitive to L-cysteine, and the linear calibration curve for the oxidation of L-cysteine can be observed in the range of 0.2-5.0 mmol/L.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的氧化剂实验性能

分析采用不同氧化剂和改变气体压力对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响，用测定电压／电流密度曲线的方法研究了质子交换膜燃料电池的性能特点以及电池温度对电池性能的影响，并对氢-氧和氢-空气燃料电池做了性能对比，实验结果是氧气作氧化剂比空气作氧化剂性能好得多，而且随着温度的增加性能有所改善．压力实验结果是随着气体压力的增大电池性能增强，输出功率增大．     

氢-空交指流场PEM燃料电池特性研究

目的研究电池温度、加湿温度、气体流量对氢-空交指流场PEM电池性能的影响,优化操作参数,提高PEM燃料电池的性能和稳定性,降低成本,促进其实用化.方法运用燃料电池测试系统测量了PEM燃料电池的性能,分析了电池温度、加湿温度和气体流量对其性能的影响.结果单有氢气或空气加湿,质子交换膜不能充分湿润,燃料电池性能较低;当电池温度和加湿温度同时等于343 K时,电池性能最佳;实验条件下,空气流量为260 ml.cm-3时,最佳氢气流量为70 ml.cm-3.结论实验结果对PEM燃料电池的参数优化具有重要的参考作用,为其推广应用提供实践依据.     

Characteristics of dynamic load response of a fuel cell with a dead-ended anode

The dynamic load characteristics of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) with a dead-ended anode were studied. In a 70 h experiment, the effects of anode pressure, operating temperature, and relative humidity of the cathode on the performances of the fuel cell were investigated. The obtained results show that, with different relative humidity of the cathode at 65 ℃, dynamic loading has little effect on the performances of fuel cell and the electrochemically active surface area(ECSA). However, the fuel cell operating under dynamic load is unstable when the relative humidity is 50%, and at 50 ℃ with 100% relative humidity, applying a dynamic load has a significant influence on the fuel cell performances. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that both the upstream and middle catalyst layers of the cell were unchanged, whereas the downstream cathode catalyst layer thinned as a response to dynamic load.     

太阳能光伏-燃料电池联合发电系统蓄电池和燃料电池的配置研究

建立了联合系统的太阳能光伏阵列、燃料电池、电解槽、蓄电池等模块的数学模型,并对每个模块进行matlab/simulink仿真模拟,重点模拟了在1 kW光伏条件下,蓄电池、燃料电池以不同功率(0 W/1000 W,200 W/800W,500 W/500 W,800 W/200 W,1000 W/0 W)分配时,输出功率特性以及各个情况下的费用问题,并通过实验进行验证,可知蓄电池、燃料电池按照200 W/800 W功率分配时,其效率、费用总体优于其他方案。     

特种Nafion溶液制备及其在PEMFC中的应用研究

Nafion溶液在燃料电池、电极修饰、电化学分析、电化学催化等领域具有广泛用途。采用特种高沸点溶剂,获得了溶铸性能优良Nafion的溶液。比较溶铸Nafion膜与原始Nafion膜的IR光谱可以看出,Nafion溶液制备方法未对Nafion膜的化学组成与分子结构产生影响,但溶铸膜的分子排列更加规整有序。将该溶液在PEMFC中应用,其性能优于目前的商品水-醇体系Nafion溶液。     

质子交换膜燃料电池流道尺寸的数值模拟

为了研究流道尺寸对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响,通过多物理场直接耦合分析软件COMSOL,建立了质子交换膜燃料电池三维模型。分析了流道宽度不变,流道宽度与脊宽度之比分别为1:1、1:2、1:3时对电池性能的影响,验证了建立模型的有效性与可靠性;进一步研究当脊宽度不变,流道宽度与脊宽度之比分别为1:1、2:1、3:1,综合考虑了电流密度、阳极氢气浓度及阴极氧气浓度等因素的影响分析。研究发现：流道宽度和脊宽度之比为1:1是燃料电池较理想的尺寸比,并且脊宽度变化比流道宽度变化对电池性能的影响大。