基于a-b-c坐标下三相并联有源滤波器的补偿新策略分析

并联有源滤波器在消除谐波电流和无功补偿(包括线性负载和非线性负载的无功补偿)方面发挥着重要的作用。目前,电力有源滤波器(APF)多采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波和无功电流检测方法。这些方法大多要进行坐标之间的转换,并且在三相电路、电源都不对称的情况下很难做到对基波无功和高次谐波电流的准确检测。提出一种不需要在进行坐标转换,直接在坐标系下进行无功和谐波检测的方法。研究和仿真表明这种方法在电压源不对称、畸变和负载不平衡的情况下仍能有效工作,并且有效简化了并联有源滤波器(APF)的控制电路。     

三电平并联型APF死区效应分析及其对策研究

为了解决三电平并联型有源电力滤波器(APF)死区效应问题,通过分析APF死区效应的产生机理和影响因素,同时结合在实际运行中电流流向突变时存在的一些问题,提出一种基于电流区间判断的PWM信号修正方案。该方案在其他因素不变的前提下可以降低对检测和采样环节精度的依赖,避免电流过零处抖动而导致极性误判进而引发桥臂直通,从而减小死区效应对APF谐波补偿性能的不良影响。利用Matlab对所提方案进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,该方法不仅消除了绝大多数死区,同时排除了冗余的开关切换,谐波补偿效果优于常规控制。     

A novel three-phase four-leg inverter based load unbalance compensator for stand-alone microgrid

This paper proposes a three-phase four-leg voltage sourced inverter (VSI) based load unbalance compensator (LUC) including its control algorithm, which is a component of a microgrid. The purpose of proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC is to improve power quality of the standalone microgrid. Power quality of the microgrid which was installed in Mara-island, Korea is analyzed using a real operational data. In this work, the microgrid in Mara-island which includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a diesel generator, a battery energy storage system, and a power management system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC, and proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC is also modeled and applies to the modeled microgrid. Power flow and stability of the modeled microgrid with the LUC is analyzed under variable irradiance and unbalance loads. The results show that the proposed LUC helps to improve stability of the stand-alone microgrid. The proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC and its control algorithm can be effectively utilized to the stand alone microgrid which has large unbalance loads.     

级联式并联有源电力滤波器的控制

本文提出了一种新的级联式并联有源电力滤波器(CSAPF)的控制算法.传统的两电平拓扑结构的有源滤波器由于其功率开关耐压水平的限制,难以实现对高压大容量非线性负载的谐波补偿.在高压大容量传动系统中,H桥级联式逆变器得到了广泛的应用.然而,这种逆变器独立电容电压的不平衡问题限制了其在有源滤波领域的应用.本文针对这一问题设计了一种新的参考电流提取算法和电容电压平衡PWM算法.实验结果表明了所提出算法的正确性和有效性.     

A new method for redundancy analysis of measurements applied to three-phase state estimation

In this paper, a new method based on the properties of the Gram matrix is proposed to verify the redundancy of measurements in three-phase state estimation. The Gram matrix is constructed using rows of the measurement Jacobian matrix as vectors. The method can be used for measurement systems planning or updating of three-phase networks so that the overall system remain observable even under possible branch contingencies and loss of measurements. It is a fast and robust numerical method based on the Gram matrix factorization that is easy to implement. A small numerical example that shows the application of the method is presented.     

基于电容电压的并补输电线路自适应三相重合闸策略

并补的储能特性会增大三相跳闸后二次电弧持续时间的不确定性,尤其对于高阻故障而言,线路残余电气量衰减速度过快,将严重影响已有故障性质判据的可靠性,甚至导致线路重合失败。针对上述问题,摒弃以往以线路残余电气量为依据的思路,利用预充电电容对线路放电,根据电容放电电压变化特性判定线路故障类型。基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台的仿真结果表明,在不同故障类型、故障位置、过渡电阻下,所提自适应三相重合闸策略均能保证其判定准确性。     

A pre-filter based PLL for three-phase grid connected applications

This paper proposes a phase estimator based on a pre-filter based phase locked loop (PF-PLL), which overcomes serious limitations of existing PLL routines under frequency variation, distorted power grid conditions and measurement errors. This is achieved by a chain of pre-filters, which systematically attenuates all distortion components and extracts the fundamental, positive-sequence signal. The reported PF-PLL is capable of fast and precise phase estimation, even with unbalanced and highly distorted threephase electrical variables, which may be measured with low-cost transducers of reduced accuracy. Consequently, it is appropriate for control of all grid connected equipment, including the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), where it is often required to synchronize with line currents, which experience much higher levels of harmonic distortion than voltages. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the PF-PLL, its evaluation through simulation and experiments, using a fixed-point DSP based laboratory prototype.     

A novel approach to the design of a shunt active filter for anunbalanced three-phase four-wire system under nonsinusoidal conditions

A new approach is presented for the design of a shunt active filter in a three-phase, four-wire distribution system with unbalanced, distorted sources and unbalanced loads. The purpose of the shunt active filter is to provide compensation currents such that the source needs to supply balanced (positive-sequence) fundamental source current at unity power factor even though the load consumes harmonic currents as well as positive, negative, and zero-sequence currents. A major feature of the proposed approach is that it does not require symmetrical component transformation to transform the three-phase voltages and currents to α-β-o quantities. This makes practical implementation of the proposed method easier than the symmetrical component transformation approach. In addition, the power factor of the positive-sequence fundamental component is close to unity and only positive-sequence power is supplied by the source. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulation and experimental results of a shunt active filter for a three-phase four-wire distribution system with distorted, unbalanced source voltages and unbalanced loads     

光伏并网逆变器空间电压矢量双滞环电流控制新策略

提出了一种适用于三相光伏并网逆变器的双滞环电流控制改进算法。根据逆变器线电流与功率器件开关状态的关系,对线电流实行解耦控制,利用双滞环来判断参考空间电压矢量的位置,结合锁相环电路对输出的开关状态进行检测,构成频率闭环控制。最后利用Matlab/Simulink工具箱和3 kW实验平台对双滞环控制算法进行验证。结果表明,该算法保留了传统滞环控制电流跟踪响应快、有限流能力的优点,同时也有效地克服了开关频率变化不固定、开关损耗较大等问题。     

一种基于公共连接点谐波分布的模块化APF无线并联控制策略

提出一种基于公共连接点(PCC)谐波电流分布的新型模块化有源电力滤波器(APF)无线并联控制策略,以克服传统有线并联控制技术存在的通信连接线多、控制复杂、硬件成本高、可靠性低等缺陷以及容量限制无线并联控制技术存在的模块补偿容量分配不均衡等问题。该策略充分利用PCC系统、负载及APF输出电流分布信息,采取一定的判别机制即可实现模块化APF故障冗余无线并联控制。首先阐述所提无线并联控制策略的基本原理,并提出包括检测、同步、故障辨识、故障和故障恢复辨识以及自动均流等完备的无线控制技术方案;然后提出基于该策略的模块化APF控制系统实现方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,所提新型无线并联控制策略实现了各模块在结构和控制上的完全独立,并联运行的灵活性、可靠性和稳定性较高。     

电能计量设备防电流法窃电新技术

对单相或三相电能计量设备的电流变送器进行改进,每相增加两组高频互感线圈.高频探测信号由计量设备侧向计量电流互感器二次侧注入,用先进的ARM微处理器对耦合回路计量设备侧的高频信号进行采样和实时计算,即能准确识别计量电流互感器二次侧回路正常、开路及短路状态,从而有效防止电流法窃电.     

A novel adaptive control approach for nonlinearly parameterized systems

Nonlinearly parameterized systems are commonly encountered in control of practical systems. However, the conventional adaptive estimation and control strategies, based on the essential assumption of linear parameterization, are incapable of dealing with this class of systems. This incapability in turn becomes a bottleneck for prevalent applications of adaptive control. In literature, there have been some attempts to break through this bottleneck by investigating the characteristics of nonlinearities. However, it is still open for an implementable strategy that is powerful for nonlinearly parameterized systems as the certainty equivalence principle for linearly parameterized systems. This paper aims to contribute an attempt to this open problem by proposing a novel adaptive control approach. On the one hand, the controller is conceptually simple, and it does not explicitly rely on the expression of system nonlinearities. On the other hand, the controller is able to achieve system stability and parameter convergence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型无锁相环DSTATCOM直接电流控制方法

传统DSTATCOM直接电流控制方法依赖锁相环和坐标变换,实现较为复杂,本文提出一种新型无锁相环的DSTATCOM直接电流控制方法。通过建立DSTATCOM数学模型,依据矢量等效原理计算出配电网电压有功单位分量和无功单位分量,无需锁相环和坐标变换便可实现无功补偿控制。仿真验证了该方法的可行性。采用DSP控制器TMS320F2812和智能功率模块PM300DVA120,搭建了DSTATCOM系统实验平台,在开关频率10 k Hz、死区时间4μs下获得良好的实验结果。所提方法物理意义清晰且易于嵌入式控制器实现。实验结果表明,所提方法能实现输出电流超前滞后电压的无功补偿实时控制,具有良好的动静态响应性能。     

A novel component minimized converters for unified power flow controller

In this paper a novel configuration employing multistage two-leg three phase converters for UPFC is proposed. The switching level modeling of UPFC is carried out using IGBT based shunt and series converters. The proposed converter has the capability of delivering sinusoidal input current with unity power factor and bidirectional power flow. The operating performance of UPFC is demonstrated on Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system and IEEE 14 Bus system for different load conditions. The real and reactive power tracings through the transmission lines in the system are obtained. The simulation study is carried out in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The proposed topology effectively controls the real and reactive power flow in the transmission lines. This model considerably improves the system stability by damping the oscillation during the vulnerable conditions.     

高压输电线路故障性质识别新判据

运用相加滤波算法和半周期积分法对恢复电压的工频分量和自由分量的特征量进行详细的推导分析,并分析了自由震荡频率估算误差对判据性能的影响,由此提出了新的拍频判据,并通过PSCAD仿真实验对其进行了仿真验证。     

A novel variable frequency modulation technique to improve light‐load efficiency for multiphase synchronous rectified VRM

A novel variable frequency modulation technique for multiphase synchronous rectified voltage regulator module (VRM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique provides zero voltage switching (ZVS) for high‐side and low‐side power switches under both light‐ and heavy‐load conditions, thereby increasing the efficiency as compared to the conventional approach. The dependency of switching frequency on the load condition for the proposed modulation technique and the related conduction loss are analyzed. It will be shown that the frequency increases for light‐load condition in order to retain ZVS and decrease the conduction loss. Although the switching loss will slightly increase due to the increase of switching frequency, the analysis and experimental results will show that the contribution of frequency increasing can cover this additional loss. Experimental results derived from a single‐phase and an eight‐phase synchronous rectified VRM show that the proposed modulation technique is superior to the conventional one and compared to conventional constant switching frequency techniques with 250 and 550thinspacekHz, the efficiency can be increased up to 17 and 5% for single‐phase VRM and 8 and 4% for eight‐phase VRM under various load conditions. Even an off‐the‐shelf controller with an additional simple and cheap control circuit comprising one switch, two operational amplifiers and several resistors is used to realize the proposed technique, that is, a very low cost and small circuitry is attached to gain the significant benefit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LCL型并网逆变器新型频率自适应重复控制方法

提出一种应用于LCL型并网逆变器的新型频率自适应重复控制(FARC)方法。该方法采用全通滤波器来替代重复控制器中频率比值小数部分构成的延时单元。当电网频率变化时,通过在线调整全通滤波器的系数,使重复控制器内模的谐振频率逼近电网基波及谐波频率的实际值,从而实现在电网频率变化情况下对电压谐波的有效抑制,进而控制逆变器输出高质量的并网电流。详细给出FARC的设计过程及系统的稳定性分析。仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

A novel islanding protection system for photovoltaic inverters

It is very difficult to detect an islanding condition of a power distribution line with conventional voltage or frequency relays while the output power and the load power of utility interactive PV inverter units are in nearly balanced state in both active power and reactive power. This is because a sufficiently large voltage or frequency change cannot be expected at such a balanced state. Many studies have been reported so far to complement dead bands in combination of active and passive methods to prevent the islanding, but none of them has been successful. This paper presents the principle of a new active method called slip mode frequency shift (SMS). With this method the reactive power between the inverter and the load is made unbalanced intentionally to cause the frequency to shift as if it slips down a slide. The performance when the dead bands are eliminated effectively in the range of practical use has been examined through simulation and experiments.     

A new high‐frequency voltage injection method for sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors with pole saliency

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for salient‐pole permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. In regard to rotor phase estimation, the sensorless vector control method is characterized by a new high‐frequency voltage injection method distinguished from the conventional ones by a unique ellipse shape of the spatial rotation, and by a new PLL method whose input is a high‐frequency current autocorrelated signal. The new vector control method established by two innovative technologies can have the following high‐performance and attractive features: (1) it can allow 250% rated torque at standstill; (2) it can operate from zero to the rated speed under the rated motoring or regenerating load; (3) it accepts instant injection of the rated load even for zero‐speed control; (4) it accommodates a load with huge moment of inertia; (5) phase estimation is very robust against inverter dead time; (6) the computational load for estimating rotor phase is very small, would be the smallest among the methods with comparable performance. This paper presents the new vector control method by focusing on two innovative technologies from its principles to design rules. Usefulness of the new vector control method is verified through extensive experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 62–77, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20632