考虑车桥耦合效应的大跨悬索桥钢-混组合梁疲劳损伤评估

为了研究不同疲劳车辆荷载作用下大跨度悬索桥钢-混组合梁的疲劳寿命,以及在考虑车桥耦合效应变化时运营期内钢-混组合梁疲劳损伤累积变化规律,以某主跨720 m的悬索桥为例进行了分析。基于局部梁段有限元模型静力分析确定了疲劳细节关注点,得出相应的应力集中系数;利用P-M及CDM两种评估模型对疲劳荷载模型Ⅲ、AASHTO规范标准疲劳车及河北省疲劳荷载谱三类疲劳车辆荷载作用下的疲劳损伤度及疲劳寿命进行了评估;考虑车桥耦合动力效应分析了车辆载重量、行车速度、桥面铺装恶化及未来交通量增长对结构运营期内的疲劳损伤累积的影响。结果表明,该类钢-混组合梁悬索桥疲劳状态评估最不利梁段为1/8跨处,易发生疲劳破坏的节点为靠近吊点位置的主梁顶板与腹板连接处。疲劳荷载模型Ⅲ与当地疲劳荷载谱作用下的疲劳损伤量比较接近,AASHTO疲劳车作用下的损伤累积量明显低于另外两类。不同部位疲劳细节关注点的累积损伤量变化趋势与速度的关系不太明确,行车载重量、交通量增长以及桥面铺装恶化均加速疲劳损伤累积的增长。     

不同时效态3J21合金疲劳行为

在MTS万能实验机上对室温大气环境下欠时效态、峰时效态和过时效态3J21合金的疲劳行为进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对宏观断口及微观断口进行分析.结果表明:不同时效态疲劳裂纹均呈穿晶扩展,欠时效态3J21合金疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最长,扩展途径比较曲折,扩展速率最小,表现出最大的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,疲劳寿命最长.而过时效态3J21合金的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最短,沿晶扩展的比例增加,扩展途径相对平直,扩展速率最大,裂纹扩展抗力最小,疲劳寿命最低;峰时效态合金介于两者之间.不同时效态的疲劳断口均由疲劳源、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区组成.在低速扩展区,欠时效态断口呈现小平面,峰时效态和过时效态断口呈现冰糖状花样,在中速扩展区均未看到长的疲劳条纹,仅发现个别细小的疲劳条纹.     

Effect of test frequency on fatigue strength of low carbon steel

Ultrasonic fatigue tests (test frequency: 20 kHz) and conventional tension–compression fatigue tests (10 Hz) have been conducted on annealed and 10% pre-strained specimens of 0.13% carbon steel. Small holes were introduced on the specimen surface to investigate the effect of test frequency on small crack growth. The dynamic stress concentration factor and the stress intensity factor under ultrasonic fatigue tests were checked to be almost the same as those of conventional tension–compression fatigue tests. However, the fatigue properties were dependent on the test frequency. Ultrasonic fatigue tests showed longer fatigue life and lower fatigue crack growth rate for the annealed and 10% pre-strained specimens. Slip bands were scarce in the neighbourhood of cracks under ultrasonic fatigue tests, while many slip bands were observed in a wide area around the crack under conventional fatigue tests. In order to explain the effect of test frequency on fatigue strength, dynamic compression tests with Split Hopkinson bars were carried out. The stress level increases substantially with the strain rate. Thus, the increase in fatigue strength might be, to a large extent, due to a reduction in crack tip cyclic plasticity during ultrasonic fatigue tests.     

瓦楞纸板结构疲劳特性探究

通过对瓦楞纸板的疲劳振动损伤试验、疲劳剩余强度试验和多级载荷下的疲劳损伤试验,对瓦楞纸板结构的疲劳性能进行了初步探讨,获得了在一定频率条件下,不同载荷时瓦楞纸板结构的疲劳寿命,给出了相应的F-N曲线,提出了瓦楞纸板结构疲劳损伤数学模型;得出了经历一定次数的疲劳振动后,瓦楞纸板结构的疲劳剩余强度的变化趋势及范围,分析了发生变化的原因,给出了疲劳剩余强度的修正模型;讨论了Miner准则对于瓦楞纸板结构多级应力疲劳损伤试验的适用性,并探讨了加载顺序对疲劳寿命的影响。     

室温大气环境下过时效态3J21合金疲劳行为

在MTS万能实验机上对室温大气环境下过时效态3J21合金的疲劳行为进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对宏观断口及微观断口进行分析.结果表明,过时效态3J21合金的疲劳裂纹呈穿晶扩展和沿晶扩展,且沿晶扩展的比例较大,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命短,扩展途径相对平直,扩展速率大,裂纹扩展抗力小,疲劳寿命低;过时效态3J21合金疲劳断口...     

The Morphology of Rolling Contact Fatigue Fracture of Hardened Steels

Rolling Contact Fatigue(RCF) is a cumulativedamage phenomenon when metals are subjectedto repeated contact stresses. The fomationof pitting on the contact surface is the resultof the rolling contact fatigue. The morphologiesof rolling contact fatigue fracture of the har-dened steels (86CrHoV7, 42CrMo) show that strongresemblance in fractuye mechanisms exists betweenrolling contact fatigue and uni-axial fatigue.Since fatigue striations are hardly observedin hardened steels under uni-axial fatigue,it is interesting to note that the state ofstress in rolling contact fatigue is more favor-able to ductile fractures than in uni-axialfatigue.     

航空铝合金原位腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂机理EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究不同腐蚀条件下2024铝合金的疲劳性能,首先设计搭建原位腐蚀疲劳平台,然后分别进行无腐蚀疲劳、预腐蚀疲劳和原位腐蚀疲劳实验,分析不同腐蚀疲劳条件下2024铝合金的疲劳断裂行为,最后利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征宏、微观断口特征,探究失效机理。结果表明:相同腐蚀环境和时间下,预腐蚀和原位腐蚀疲劳寿命分别为无腐蚀疲劳寿命的92%和42%;在原位腐蚀疲劳条件下,滑移带挤入、挤出导致表面粗糙度增加,吸附较多腐蚀介质,加剧蚀坑演化,易于裂纹萌生并形成多个裂纹源。裂纹的连通形成更大尺寸的损伤,并在材料内部快速扩展。预腐蚀和原位腐蚀疲劳试件断口观察到大量脆性疲劳条带,并且原位腐蚀疲劳条带平均间距约为无腐蚀疲劳条带间距的2倍,说明原位腐蚀疲劳条件下裂纹扩展速率更快。     

体脑疲劳交互影响下煤矿工人作业改善研究

采用主观疲劳评价法,对陕西某矿业公司采煤工人的体疲劳和脑疲劳进行调查与研究,了解工人的工作内容与休息时间。用SPSS软件进行数据分析,得出煤矿工人的疲劳值,分析疲劳产生的原因,并结合实际情况提出相应的建议和解决方案。结果显示,煤矿工人的体疲劳主要发生在腰部、肩膀、前臂和后臂等部位,噪声疲劳和视疲劳是影响工人脑疲劳的主要因素,因而建议对矿工的作业动作进行优化,极大化地改善工人工作环境,优化生产流程和管理制度。目的在于减轻煤矿工人的体脑疲劳,预防人因失误,提升生产过程安全性。     

MB8镁合金高周疲劳实验研究

采用升降法对MB8镁合金室温高周疲劳行为进行实验研究。结果表明:利用升降法计算出MB8镁合金在应力比R=0.1,循环基数为107条件下的疲劳强度为90.2MPa,相当于其抗拉强度的34%左右;合金的疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面,裂纹扩展区由小的平面状断面组成,没有明显的疲劳辉纹存在,合金疲劳断口呈现韧性断裂特征。     

1240MPa级Ti-38644高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳增寿机理

用扫描电镜和能谱观测分析Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳断口,揭示了高锁螺栓的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的微观特征和疲劳增寿机理。结果表明,Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳断口包括疲劳裂纹萌生区、扩展区和瞬断区:疲劳裂纹从螺栓头下圆角滚压薄弱部位表面萌生,随后在基体中呈放射性扩展;进入扩展区后裂纹的尺寸由微观扩展至宏观,以疲劳条带扩展机制为主,同时也存在解理断裂。头下圆角处的变形层对Ti-38644高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命有显著的影响,变形层使Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命明显提高。通过微观组织与疲劳寿命的对比,探讨了Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓疲劳强化的作用机理。     

复合材料疲劳可靠性研究

将复合材料疲劳可靠性研究领域划分为载荷／环境谱的编制、疲劳性能、疲劳寿命估算及疲劳可靠性分析与设计四个方面,并分别简述了各自方面的研究进展。     

The effect of adherent thickness on fatigue life of adhesively bonded joints

The effect of adherent thickness on the fatigue performance, fatigue limit, and failure mode of adhesively bonded thin aluminum single lap joint (SLJ) was experimentally and numerically investigated. High‐cycle fatigue tests were performed, and fatigue life was estimated using various fatigue criteria and finite element modeling. Based on the experimental results, increase in adherent thickness leads to increase in fatigue limit. In addition, failure location changes from adhesive to adherent by increasing the adherent thickness. It seems that in adherent failure, selecting a sheet with higher fatigue strength is required to achieve higher fatigue life. Also, based on the analysis of different fatigue criteria, Smith‐Watson‐Topper criterion could predict the joint fatigue life more accurately by considering the mean stress effect and the plastic strain. Finally, as an important result, an unsymmetrical SLJ specimen was evaluated as an industrial case study, and the empirical estimated life was consistent with the experimental results.     

Effects of static–fatigue (tension) on the tension–tension fatigue life of glass fibre reinforced plastic composites

The effects of static–fatigue interaction on tension–tension fatigue life of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites were investigated. This paper proposed a new static–fatigue model, which is capable of predicting residual strength after a period of static loading. Also an algorithm is proposed to calculate fatigue lives with the inclusion of static–fatigue interaction. Predictions from the proposed static–fatigue model show a good agreement with the experimental results. Static–fatigue interaction has shown a considerable effect on fatigue lives of GFRP composites at intermediate and lower applied stress levels possibly due to a longer exposure to applied loads. At higher load levels approximately greater than 65% of ultimate stress, and higher stress ratios range like 0.5 < R < 0.9, fatigue lives shown to be closer to material’s static–fatigue limits which is shorter than the expected lifetime by cyclic fatigue.     

DFR based fatigue reliability assessment of riveted lap joint accounting for correlations

The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of correlation on the fatigue reliability of a riveted lap joint with multiple rivets using a fast reliability assessment approach based on the detail fatigue rating method. The detail fatigue rating method, DFR method, is based on the nominal stress fatigue approach. The DFR represents the inherent characteristic of fatigue capacity of a structure independent from the applied fatigue load. The fatigue reliability assessment model of a structure is proposed based on the relations of fatigue loading, characteristic fatigue life and DFR. The upper and lower bounds of fatigue reliability of a riveted lap joint structure with multiple rivets subjected to fatigue loading is analysed using the DFR and Ditlevsen approaches accounting for the correlations between rivet holes failures.     

Fatigue life prediction of a rubber mount based on test of material properties and finite element analysis

Failure analysis and fatigue life prediction are very important in the design procedure to assure the safety and reliability of rubber components. The fatigue life of a rubber mount was predicted by combining test of material properties and finite element analysis (FEA). The natural rubber material material’s fatigue life equation was acquired based on uniaxial tensile test and fatigue life tests of the natural rubber. The strain distribution contours and the maximum total principal strains of the rubber mount at different loads in the x and y directions were obtained using finite element analysis method. The critical region cracks prone to arise were obtained and analyzed. Then the maximum total principal strain was used as the fatigue parameter, which was substituted into the natural rubber’s fatigue life equation, to predict the fatigue life of the rubber mount. Finally, fatigue lives of the rubber mount at different loads were measured on a fatigue test rig to validate the accuracy of the fatigue life prediction method. The test results imply that the fatigue lives predicted agree well with the test results.     

结构振动疲劳研究综述

综述了工程结构振动疲劳问题.首先从工程中存在的结构振动疲劳现象出发,论述了开展结构振动疲劳研究的重大意义,并对结构振动疲劳的定义及特点进行了详细的阐述;而后从结构振动疲劳寿命分析和结构疲劳损伤的振动诊断两方面回顾了结构振动疲劳研究的国内外现状,同时介绍了有关结构振动疲劳耦合分析的研究进展;最后讨论了目前研究存在的一些问题及今后的研究方向．     

一种新型非调质钢弯曲疲劳性能的试样尺寸效应

使用液压伺服疲劳试验机考察一种新型(汽车前轴用)Nb+V复合微合金非调质钢的疲劳行为,绘制出S-N曲线并分析了疲劳断日特征,研究了其三点弯曲疲劳性能的试样尺寸效应及其原因.结果表明,试样的尺寸对非调质钢的三点弯曲疲劳性能有显著的影响,其三点弯曲疲劳极限随着试样尺寸的减小而增加,但是试样尺寸对疲劳试样的断口形貌几乎没有影响;在三点弯曲疲劳试验中,试样尺寸效应源于试样内部的应力梯度,小尺寸试样的应力梯度比大尺寸试样的高.     

Fatigue life prediction of small notched Ti-6Al-4V specimens using critical distance

This study investigated the method of estimating the fatigue strength of small notched Ti-6Al-4V specimen using the theory of critical distance that employs the stress distribution in the vicinity of the notch root. Circumferential-notched round-bar fatigue tests were conducted to quantify the effects of notch radius and notch depth on fatigue strength. The fatigue tests show that the larger notch radius increases the fatigue strength and the greater notch depth decreases the fatigue strength. The theory of critical distance assumes that fatigue damage can be correctly estimated only if the entire stress field damaging the fatigue fracture process zone is taken into account. Critical distance stress is defined as the average stress within the critical distance from notch root. The region from the notch root to the critical distance corresponds to the fatigue fracture process zone for crack initiation. It has been found that a good correlation exists between the critical distance stress and crack initiation life of small notched specimens if the critical distance is calibrated by the two notched fatigue failure curves of different notch root radii. The calibrated critical distances did not vary clearly over a wide range of fatigue failure cycles from medium-cycle low-cycle fatigue regime to high-cycle fatigue regime and have an almost constant value. This critical distance corresponds to the size of crystallographic facet at the fatigue crack initiation site for the wide range of fatigue cycles.     

Fatigue failure analysis of rotor compressor blades concerning the effect of rotating stall and surge

Detailed investigation was performed on the effect of the rotating stall and surge on the fatigue failure mechanisms of the axial compressor first stage rotor blades. The static stress distribution of the blades was analysed using three dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). The critical fracture stress was calculated using the linear elastic fracture mechanics. Fractographic observation revealed different fatigue fracture modes corresponding to the different fatigue loads. Results demonstrated that during operation two kinds of fatigue loads can occur which are tension-torsion fatigue and bending fatigue. The tension-torsion fatigue stems from the periodic tension-torsion stress induced by the surge, while the bending fatigue load is caused by the rotating stall.     

A literature review and inventory of the effects of environment on the fatigue behavior of metals

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of the effects of gas environments (at atmospheric pressure and below) on the fatigue behavior of metals. Specifically, this report reviews (a) the mechanisms proposed to explain the differences observed in the fatigue behavior of vacuum- and air-tested specimens, (b) the effects of environment on the surface topography of fatigue cycled specimens, (c) the effect of environment on the various phases of the fatigue phenomenon, (d) the effect of prolonged exposure to vacuum on fatigue life, (e) the variation of fatigue life with decreasing gas pressure, and (f) gas evolution during fatigue cycling.Analysis of the findings of this review indicates (a) hydrogen embrittlement is primarily responsible for decreased fatigue resistance in humid environments, (b) dislocations move more easily during tests in vacuum than during tests in air, (e) fatigue cracks generally initiated more rapidly in air then in vacuum, (d) fatigue cracks always propagated more rapidly in air than in vacuum, (e) prolonged exposure to vacuum does not adversely affect fatigue resistance, and (f) the variation of fatigue life with decreasing gas pressure is sometimes stepped and sometimes continuous.