新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L9（3^4）正交实验并结合感观评定得出最优组合：肥瘦肉质量比1：4，红枣粉与淀粉分别为猪肉质量的10％和8％。最后以最佳组合制成灌肠在常温下存放一个月后，进行理化指标和微生物指标检测。测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味，同时具有提高灌肠营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

本文介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L9（3^4）正交试验并结合感观评定得出最优组合：肥瘦比1：4，红枣粉10％，淀粉8％。最后以最佳组合糊成灌肠在常温下一个月存放时间后，进行理化指标和微生物指标检测，测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。总之红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味，同时具有提高灌肠的营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L(934)正交实验并结合感观评定得出最优组合:肥瘦肉质量比1∶4,红枣粉与淀粉分别为猪肉质量的10%和8%。最后以最佳组合制成灌肠在常温下存放一个月后,进行理化指标和微生物指标检测,测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味,同时具有提高灌肠营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

添加果蔬对西式香肠感官和质构特性的影响研究

在西式香肠中,分别添加菠萝、胡萝卜和洋葱,制成果蔬香肠产品。通过对这三种试验产品的理化和微生物指标检验、感官评分以及质构对比,结果表明：10％的果蔬添加量与香肠的风味结合较好,产品符合西式香肠的标准要求,兼具肉滋味和果蔬风味以及膳食纤维的含量,尤其是烟熏后的菠萝香肠、胡萝卜香肠以及蒸煮后的洋葱香肠,其口感和风味都优于普通香肠。     

速冻古老肉的加工制作

随着生活水平的提高，消费者开始青睐一些风味佳肴的速冻制品。用猪肉和胡萝卜、白圆萝卜等原料批料加工，制成古老肉后，按规格要求真空小袋包装，入冷库贮藏。在其保质期内，速冻古老肉的色泽、理论指标、微生物指标等都符合要求。     

胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠的研制

以胡萝卜和芹菜作为蔬菜原料,采用传统配料结合现代工艺制作胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠。选取胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁、玉米淀粉和大豆组织蛋白作为单因素,并在单因素结果基础上进一步设计正交试验,结合感官评定、质构分析,研究胡萝卜芹菜复合营养灌肠的配方最佳配比。结果表明：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量对复合营养灌肠感官和风味形成影响最大,大豆组织蛋白对灌肠质构起关键作用;最佳配比为：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量18％、玉米淀粉添加量10％、大豆组织蛋白添加量6％。     

煎时蔬百合蛋

主料：茄子、节瓜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、青椒、红椒各适量。辅料：面包片，鸡蛋。调料：橄榄油、红椒粉、盐、香菜碎、黑胡椒碎各适量。制法：将主料分别切丁，用橄榄油分别炒至半熟仍脆；面包切丁，烤好，撒红椒粉；取一个玻璃杯，用保鲜膜贴紧内壁，倒入一点橄榄油，打入鸡蛋，撒香菜、盐、黑胡椒碎，将保鲜膜包起来抓成花形，用柬带绑紧，用水煮沸大约4分钟；将蔬菜盛到盘中，用模具制成圆形；蛋包打开，倒在蔬菜上，用面包丁装饰，淋几滴橄榄油即可。     

带肉果蔬系列饮料的研制

通过对苹果、山楂、胡萝卜、南瓜、沙棘等果蔬理化性状的综合分析，经过组合调配，研制出５个果蔬带肉饮料；制订出该系统饮料的生产工艺和技术要点；确定该系列产品适宜的固、酸含量分别为１６％和０．４％，ＣＭＣ的用量为０．３５％，杀菌条件为沸水中７ｍｉｎ；用沙棘原汁调整酸度效果极佳，并能部分地掩蔽胡萝卜和南瓜的不愉快风味。     

胡萝卜营养灌肠的开发研制

把胡萝卜作为蔬菜原料,采用传统配料和现代工艺相结合制成胡萝卜营养灌肠,既可降低成本,又可强化营养。通过正交试验得到产品的最佳配比,试验表明:最佳用量分别为:瘦肥肉质量比为4∶1、胡萝卜的最适添加量为15%、淀粉的最适添加量为18%(以猪肉的重量计)。添加了胡萝卜的灌肠,不仅有良好的风味口感,而且改善了营养组成,为蔬菜深加工提供了另一途径。     

西红柿复合灌肠加工工艺

把西红柿作为蔬菜原料，采用传统配料和现代工艺相结合制成西红柿风味灌肠，既可降低成本，又可强化营养。通过正交试验得到产品的最佳配比，并提出了其质量指标。试验表明：最佳用量分别为肥瘦肉比1：4、西红柿的添加量为17％、淀粉的添加量为8％。添加了西红柿的灌肠，不仅有良好的风味口感，而且改善了营养组成，为蔬菜深加工提供了另一途径。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the