Snapping algorithm and heterogeneous bio-tissues modeling for medical surgical simulation and product prototyping

This paper presents a novel technique for modeling soft biological tissues as well as the development of an innovative interface for bio-manufacturing and medical applications. Heterogeneous deformable models may be used to represent the actual internal structures of deformable biological objects, which possess multiple components and non-uniform material properties. Both heterogeneous deformable object modeling and accurate haptic rendering can greatly enhance the realism and fidelity of virtual reality environments. In this paper, a tri-ray node snapping algorithm is proposed to generate a volumetric heterogeneous deformable model from a set of object interface surfaces between different materials. A constrained local static integration method is presented for simulating deformation and accurate force-feedback based on the material properties of a heterogeneous structure. Biological soft tissue modeling is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed techniques. By integrating the heterogeneous deformable model into a virtual environment, users can both observe different materials inside a deformable object as well as interact with it by touching the deformable object using a haptic device. The presented techniques can be used for surgical simulation, bio-product design, bio-manufacturing, and medical applications.     

Rapid prototyping: from product development to medicine and beyond

This paper discusses the current status of layer-based manufacturing rapid prototyping (RP) technology and how it is currently being implemented as a tool for product development (PD). A discussion on RP for PD is given, focusing on the limitations of existing technology. The paper then goes on to discuss the specific application field of medicine, explaining how this application may influence changes in the technology. Future trends for RP development are then discussed with further consideration for software issues in future applications and how the technology is being accepted worldwide.     

Rapid prototyping: from product development to medicine and beyond

This paper discusses the current status of layer-based manufacturing rapid prototyping (RP) technology and how it is currently being implemented as a tool for product development (PD). A discussion on RP for PD is given, focusing on the limitations of existing technology. The paper then goes on to discuss the specific application field of medicine, explaining how this application may influence changes in the technology. Future trends for RP development are then discussed with further consideration for software issues in future applications and how the technology is being accepted worldwide.     

Microstructural modeling and simulation for GCr15 steel during elevated temperature deformation

The microstructural evolution of GCr15 steel, one of the most commonly used bearing steels, was investigated and simulated by physical experiments and finite element method (FEM). Physical experiments were conducted on the Gleeble-3500 thermo-simulation system. Effects of initial grain size and plastic strain on the microstructural of the materials were investigated by setting different heating temperature, holding time and deformation degree, respectively. Based on the results of stress–strain curves and metallographic analysis, the constitutive equations for flow stress, austenite grain growth and dynamic recrystallization of GCr15 steel were formulated by linear regression method and genetic algorithm. In addition, the coupled thermo-mechanical finite element method integrated with the developed constitutive models was used to simulate the microstructural evolution of GCr15 steel during hot compression. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental results was obtained, which confirmed that the developed constitutive models can be successfully used to predict microstructural evolution during hot deformation process for GCr15 steel.     

基于VERICUT的炮管膛线电解加工阴极建模和数控仿真研究

渐速膛线电解加工的阴极需要通过实验反复修正,试验难度大,研制周期长。根据加工对象的几何参数和弹道方程建立数学模型,在Pro/E中建立阴极工作齿、炮管毛坯的几何模型并导入VERICUT,在VERICUT中设置机床参数和数控系统,添加刀具的轨迹G代码,进行加工过程的仿真,检验设计的阴极齿形状是否合理以及确定加工过程中出现的过切或欠切情况,优化阴极。研究表明,在电解加工阴极设计中采用VERICUT是一条可行的途径。     

A framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance

Mechanical mechanisms with clearance abound in technological fields such as robotics, machine and steam turbine industry. The dynamic performance of these mechanisms in working condition can be achieved provided that the effects of the different on the mechanisms (such as mechanism dynamics, technological effects and thermal behaviour) are thoroughly understood. Virtual prototyping provides an integration of multi-domain dynamic simulation for the design and analysis process. In the current paper, a framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance is presented. A case study with such a simulation strategy is studied for the optimum design and analysis of the technological parameter.     

电机传动机构动力学建模、仿真与实验验证

摘要：建立正确的电机动力学模型是分析系统稳定性和动态特性的基础。考虑到用电设备工作时的脉冲电流是发电机传动机构扭转振动的主要激励源,利用集中参数法建立了某型交流发电机的动力学模型,并在MATLAB环境下对其进行动态仿真分析,得到脉冲电流作用下弹性轴冲击扭转振动的力矩曲线与扭转角曲线。通过对仿真结果的对比分析,发现适当增大弹性轴的轴径,可以有效缓解弹性轴扭转力矩的振动峰值,并提高系统的频率裕度。最后,通过动态测试实验,验证了电机动力学模型与仿真结果的有效性。     

A framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance

Mechanical mechanisms with clearance abound in technological fields such as robotics, machine and steam turbine industry. The dynamic performance of these mechanisms in working condition can be achieved provided that the effects of the different on the mechanisms (such as mechanism dynamics, technological effects and thermal behaviour) are thoroughly understood. Virtual prototyping provides an integration of multi-domain dynamic simulation for the design and analysis process. In the current paper, a framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance is presented. A case study with such a simulation strategy is studied for the optimum design and analysis of the technological parameter.     

Dynamic dragline modeling for operation performance simulation and fatigue life prediction

In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) dynamic dragline models are developed for investigating the dynamic dragline performance and front-end structural strength. A virtual prototype of the dragline is created by the dynamic integration of the mechanical and electrical system models using Newton–Euler equations. The mechanical model is modeled as a rigid multi-body system to catch the major kinematics and dynamics behavior of the whole dragline. The electrical model is employed to represent the motors and controls. The dragline front-end is modeled as a flexible multi-body system for the structural strength evaluation using Lagrange equations and finite element analysis (FEA) method. A co-operative simulation (co-simulation) is carried out with the dragline motion, electrical motor/control and the structural flexibility models. The major motions, the machine behavior, the machine operation loads, and structural member stresses are recovered from the simulation. The results of stress-time history are used for structural fatigue life evaluation by Palmgren–Miner’s rule. The results show the boom structural members have lower fatigue lives than tri-structure structural members. The study is significant to provide a solid foundation for further study of failure life analysis of the whole dragline components.     

复合材料基镂空网壳结构的建模与仿真

为进一步挖掘复合材料构件的轻量化和成型形态等结构特性,提出了突破传统满铺结构的曲面镂空等厚度网壳构件的数学模型,并对其成型表面的形态和效果进行了实验验证.运用三维空间曲面映射法建立笛卡尔参数坐标系,在单位球面上建立并推导了网壳构件曲面测地线弧及测地线交角的高斯第I基本型模型,利用MATLAB对该模型的正交编织算例进行了仿真和构型验证.结果表明:除仿真构件边缘平齐一致性不足外,该仿真构型与预期结果构型轮廓相符.为进一步验证该模型用于实际生产制造的可行性,采用预浸纤维复合材料带为基材,经编织、固化生产出该模型的5×5网壳结构成品试件.该研究为复合材料壳体超轻化且低成本结构成型提供了新思路,可为网壳类结构制件的支撑筋/骨架设计提供建模新方法.     

Modification of FAU zeolite as an active heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production and theoretical considerations for kinetic modeling

In this work, a high purity FAU-type zeolite catalyst was prepared from shale rock and modified as a heterogeneous efficient catalyst for biodiesel production from sunflower oil. The characterization properties for both of the prepared catalysts were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The incipient wetness impregnation method was adopted for loading the catalyst with three base precursors: NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)3. Different factors affecting transesterification reaction onto modified Na-K-Ca-FAU zeolite were investigated such as; temperature (35, 45, 55, and 65 °C), catalyst concentrations (2, 3,4, 5, and 6 wt%) and the molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil (3:1, 6:1, 9:1 and 12:1). The optimum conditions of transesterification reactions were obtained for reaction time (4 h) and agitation rate (700 rpm) in a batch reactor at 65 °C reaction temperature, 5% catalyst concentration, and a 9:1 M ratio of methanol to oil. The experimental results showed that the conversion of triglyceride in sunflower oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FIME) increased from 48.62 to 91.6% when the FAU zeolite was loaded with 15 wt% of the three bases. The properties of the produced biodiesel were evaluated within the standard performance ASTM D-6751. This study shows that the three base precursors (i.e., NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)3) were successfully loaded onto support FAU zeolite and functioned as excellent catalysts for biodiesel production. Theoretical considerations for kinetic modeling in the heterogeneous transesterification reaction were investigated using MATLAB programming. The experimental and theoretical considerations for kinetic modeling were fitted well.     

Research on meta-action decomposition and meta-action unit modeling technology for electromechanical product

The current decomposition methods are not suitable for electromechanical product; the smallest decomposition units obtained by these methods are static parts or components, which cannot reflect the characteristics of electromechanical product that ‘action determines motion, and motion determines function'. Meta-action is the smallest action to realize the function of electromechanical product, and it is reasonable to regard meta-action as the smallest decomposition unit of electromechanical product. Meta-action unit is the smallest structural unit to ensure the normal operation of meta-action, and it is also the smallest carrier of electromechanical product quality characteristics. Meta-action unit modeling technology is the basis of other subsequent research, so it is necessary to study it. In this paper, detailed criteria for meta-action decomposition and meta-action unit separation are formulated, and the standardized structural model, symbolized conceptual model, and assembly model of meta-action unit are also studied, which provide a basis for mechanical, kinematic, and failure mechanism research of electromechanical product. A CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool made in China is taken as an example for meta-motion decomposition and meta-action unit modeling, and the results verify the applicability and correctness of the method proposed in this paper. The proposed method is also applicable to other types of electromechanical product.     

基于20-sim的减振器试验台液压系统键合图建模与动态仿真分析

研究了液压系统键合图建模方法.使用20-sim软件,建立了减振器试验台压缩时液压系统的键合图模型,并进行动态仿真,得到系统输出速度和输出压力的动态响应曲线,仿真结果证明了建模方法的可行性与正确性;通过建立系统的Simulink模型进行对比仿真分析,进一步验证仿真结果的可靠性.研究工作为液压系统的动态建模及仿真提供新的思路.     

Industrial application of RAM modeling: Development and implementation of a RAM simulation model for the Lexan plant at GE Industrial, Plastics

A RAM (reliability, availability and maintenance) model has been built for the GE Industrial, Plastics Lexan^® plant in Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands. It was based on a Reliability Block Diagram with a Monte Carlo simulation engine. The model has been validated against actual plant data from two different sources, and against local expert opinions, resulting in a satisfactory simulation model. The model was used to assess two key decisions that were (to be) made by GE Industrial, Plastics concerning operation and shutdown policies of the plant. The model results showed that the operation and maintenance could be further improved, and that in doing so the annual production loss could be reduced further.     

面向排爆机器人的虚拟仿真训练系统设计与实现

针对排爆机器人使用和训练的需求,设计并实现了一套排爆机器人虚拟仿真训练系统.首先分析了排爆机器人的常见结构,针对一种通用结构设计的排爆机器人设计了仿真训练系统的结构,并对仿真系统的几何建模、运动模型和碰撞检测进行了分析,最后实现了排爆机器人虚拟仿真训练系统.该系统使操作手能够熟悉并掌握排爆机器人的操作.     

V/STOL飞机建模与仿真分析

以原理验证机为背景,建立了无尾布局垂直/短距起降飞行器的数学模型,并通过智能自适应方法对其进行了闭环飞行控制,控制量通过控制分配合理的协调各操纵面,最后在MATLAB7.0/Simulink环境下通过数值仿真进行了验证。结果显示,该平台具备垂直/短距起降能力和较好的飞行性能。     

Materials integrity in microsystems: a framework for a petascale predictive-science-based multiscale modeling and simulation system

Microsystems have become an integral part of our lives and can be found in homeland security, medical science, aerospace applications and beyond. Many critical microsystem applications are in harsh environments, in which long-term reliability needs to be guaranteed and repair is not feasible. For example, gyroscope microsystems on satellites need to function for over 20 years under severe radiation, thermal cycling, and shock loading. Hence a predictive-science-based, verified and validated computational models and algorithms to predict the performance and materials integrity of microsystems in these situations is needed. Confidence in these predictions is improved by quantifying uncertainties and approximation errors. With no full system testing and limited sub-system testings, petascale computing is certainly necessary to span both time and space scales and to reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of long-term reliability. This paper presents the necessary steps to develop predictive-science-based multiscale modeling and simulation system. The development of this system will be focused on the prediction of the long-term performance of a gyroscope microsystem. The environmental effects to be considered include radiation, thermo-mechanical cycling and shock. Since there will be many material performance issues, attention is restricted to creep resulting from thermal aging and radiation-enhanced mass diffusion, material instability due to radiation and thermo-mechanical cycling and damage and fracture due to shock. To meet these challenges, we aim to develop an integrated multiscale software analysis system that spans the length scales from the atomistic scale to the scale of the device. The proposed software system will include molecular mechanics, phase field evolution, micromechanics and continuum mechanics software, and the state-of-the-art model identification strategies where atomistic properties are calibrated by quantum calculations. We aim to predict the long-term (in excess of 20 years) integrity of the resonator, electrode base, multilayer metallic bonding pads, and vacuum seals in a prescribed mission. Although multiscale simulations are efficient in the sense that they focus the most computationally intensive models and methods on only the portions of the space–time domain needed, the execution of the multiscale simulations associated with evaluating materials and device integrity for aerospace microsystems will require the application of petascale computing. A component-based software strategy will be used in the development of our massively parallel multiscale simulation system. This approach will allow us to take full advantage of existing single scale modeling components. An extensive, pervasive thrust in the software system development is verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (UQ). Each component and the integrated software system need to be carefully verified. An UQ methodology that determines the quality of predictive information available from experimental measurements and packages the information in a form suitable for UQ at various scales needs to be developed. Experiments to validate the model at the nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale are proposed. The development of a petascale predictive-science-based multiscale modeling and simulation system will advance the field of predictive multiscale science so that it can be used to reliably analyze problems of unprecedented complexity, where limited testing resources can be adequately replaced by petascale computational power, advanced verification, validation, and UQ methodologies.     

EPS控制器建模与动态性能试验仿真

电动助力转向(electric power steering,EPS)控制器动态性能直接影响EPS总成的快速响应性和平稳性.利用Matlab/Si mulink创建EPS控制器模型,设计了EPS基本助力特性和包含PID算法、电流反馈的控制策略;利用AMESi m创建EPS负载模型并组装系统仿真模型,定义软件的数据交换接口并进行联合仿真.通过仿真,研究了三种标准激励下控制器动态性能的评价方法,讨论了助力电机关键参数对控制器性能的影响.结果表明,依托特定负载建模构建半物理仿真系统,进行脱离EPS总成环境的控制器动态性能试验是可行的.     

Polysilicon high frequency devices for large area electronics: Characterization, simulation and modeling

Laser Crystallised Polysilicon Thin Film Transistors have now sufficient good conduction properties to be used in high-frequency applications. In this work, we report the results for 5 μm long polysilicon TFTs obtained at frequencies up to several hundred MHz for applications such as RFID tags or System-On-Panel. In order to investigate the device operation, DC and AC two-dimensional simulations of these devices in the Effective Medium framework have been performed. In the light of simulation results, the effects of carrier trapping and carrier transit on the device capacitances as a function of dimensions are analysed and compared. An equivalent small-signal circuit which accounts for the behaviour of these transistors in all regions of operation is proposed and a model for the most relevant elements of this circuit is presented. To validate our simulation results, scattering-parameters (S-parameters) measurements are performed for several structures such as multi-finger, serpentine and linear architectures and the most meaningful parameters will be given. Cut-off frequencies as high as 300 MHz and maximum oscillation frequencies of about 600 MHz have been extracted.