Sm3+和Gd3+共掺杂TiO2粉体的制备和性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2,1%Sm3+或2%Gd3+单掺杂和1%Sm3+/2%Gd3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD和SEM/EDAX等技术进行表征。以对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为目标反应,评价了TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性,探讨了Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和粉体投加量对TiO2粉体光催化活性的影响机制。结果表明,Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体的光催化活性;Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,使TiO2粒径尺寸减小,增大了TiO2的晶格畸变。当亚甲基蓝初始浓度为4mg/L和粉体投加量为2g/L时,TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性最高,对亚甲基蓝光催化降解率达99.71%;降解亚甲基蓝反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu3+掺杂的纳米TiO2粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光光谱分析(PL)等手段对TiO2的相结构和TiO2中电子-空穴对的复合性能进行了表征,探讨了掺杂组分对光催化活性的影响机制。以紫外光下降解亚甲基蓝为探针反应,考察铕的掺杂对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明Eu3+的掺杂能够通过抑制催化剂晶粒长大从而减少团聚,并且通过降低光生电子-空穴的复合几率,提高催化剂的光催化活性。光催化实验表明,催化剂加入量为3g/L,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为20mg/L时,掺杂1%Eu3+的催化剂催化性能最佳,反应3.5h降解率达到85.5%。     

钒-氮共掺杂TiO_2/凹凸棒复合光催化材料表征及光催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钒-氮共掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒复合光催化材料,采用TEM、XRD、BET及UV-Vis漫反射吸收光谱对其性能进行了表征。在模拟太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,对复合光催化材料光催化性能进行评价,复合光催化材料投入到亚甲基蓝溶液中饱和吸附,在40mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,复合光催化材料投加量为1g/L,在800W氙灯下反应6h后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率为84%;重复反应4次,光催化降解变化不大;静置40min后,完成沉降,实现回收。     

Eu3+和Sm3+共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的协同效应

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD,DRS和SEM等技术进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价了其光催化活性,探讨了Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂对TiO2粉体光催化的影响机制.结果表明,Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体光催化活性,Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,使TiO2的粒径减小.Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂增大了TiO2粉体的晶格畸变,使TiO2粉体吸收带边蓝移.当Eu3+/Sm3+的掺杂量分别为0.05%和0.1%,TiO2光催化活性最高,光催化降解率达到84.8%.     

Fe_3O_4/Ce~(3+)-TiO_2复合光催化材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铈为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的Ce3+掺杂TiO2溶胶,其凝胶经不同温度煅烧3 h后制得Ce3+掺杂量不同的TiO2粉体。用XRD对TiO2进行了测试对比分析,以紫外光为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟有机染料废水,研究了TiO2的光催化性能。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的纳米Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与Ce3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性Ce3+掺杂TiO2,研究了其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,TiO2凝胶热处理温度、Ce3+掺量、TiO2晶型及Fe3O4负载量对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性均有影响。掺Ce3+量为1%,热处理温度650℃的Ce3+掺杂TiO2粉体光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/Ce3+-TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率8 h时达到90.3%,磁分离回收率达96.8%。     

水热法合成TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂及其氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法合成了TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂,利用XRD对产物晶体结构进行表征,研究在紫外光(365nm)照射下用合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果,分析了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、TiO2/Fe3+用量、掺Fe3+量、光照时间和溶液初始pH值等因素的影响;考察了溶液初始pH值对TiO2/Fe3+粉末的吸附性能和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:合成的TiO2/Fe3+晶体为锐钛矿型(A-TiO2)。在4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液(pH=8)中,加入掺Fe3+量0.8%(摩尔分数)合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末使其用量为0.6g/L,室温下紫外光照反应6h,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.2%。在上述优化条件下,当溶液的pH<6时,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和光催化效率均较低,且二者随pH升高而显著增加;当pH≥6时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用较大,因此较明显地提高了光催化活性。     

La-TiO_2/Hβ复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以硫酸钛为钛源,Hβ分子筛为载体,La为掺杂元素,采用共沉淀法制备了La-TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂,并以亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化性能。结果表明,催化剂适宜的制备条件是:TiO2负载量为30%(wt),La掺杂量为0.5%(mol),老化时间为24h,焙烧温度为800℃。当用2.4g/L催化剂样品处理20mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液时,降解率达95.1%。     

Fe掺杂纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能研究

以醋酸锌和Fe(NO)_3·9H_2O为原料,采用水热法制备了Fe掺杂的纳米ZnO。利用XRD、SEM等方法对所制得的样品的结构及形貌进行表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟染料废水,分别考察了反应温度、pH、掺杂比例、催化剂用量和亚甲基蓝pH对其光催化性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为150℃,Fe/Zn掺杂比为0.05,pH为11时,催化剂光催化性能较优;催化剂投加量为1.00g/L,亚甲基蓝废水pH为11时,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到93%。Fe~(3+)掺杂到ZnO晶格中。     

铁掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Fe3 的纳米TiO2微粒,采用X光衍射仪对粉体进行了表征.以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了Fe3 掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能.结果表明,掺杂适量Fe3 能够提高TiO2的光催化活性,当Fe3 的掺入量为摩尔比0.41%时催化活性最高.以紫外灯为光源,降解初始浓度为20mg·L-1的250mL甲基橙溶液,催化剂0.41%(摩尔分数)Fe3 -TiO2投加量为0.5g时,甲基橙的光催化降解效果最好.     

流化床化学气相沉积法制备CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO2及其光催化性能研究

以Fe-Ni/TiO2为催化剂,采用流化床化学气相沉积法(FBCVD)在TiO2表面原位生长碳纳米管(CNT),得到CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合光催化剂.通过SEM、XRD、UV-Vis等方法表征其结构和性能,以亚甲基蓝溶液降解为模型考察其光催化性能.结果表明:Fe-Ni/TiO2催化剂在FBCVD过程中,镍主要起到了CNT生长催化活性位的作用;在生长CNT后的复合光催化剂中,比例较低的Fe3+主要作为电子俘获剂,抑制TiO2光生电子空穴的复合;Ni和CNT共同起到将电子迅速地从TiO2中导出,从而降低光生电子空穴复合几率的作用.三者的协同作用显著改善了TiO2的光催化性能.其中Fe和Ni掺杂量分别为0.25mol%和4.75mol%样品的光催化活性较高,生长CNT后得到的复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解效率较纯TiO2提高约70%.     

Cu2O-PVA/纳米纤维素复合材料的制备与吸附—光催化性能

为了改善氧化亚铜(Cu₂O)的光催化性能,将Cu₂O颗粒和聚乙烯醇(PVA)同时加入纳米纤维素(CNF)中,成功制备了具有三维(3D)多孔结构和丰富活性位点的功能化纤维素基气凝胶(Cu₂O-PVA/CNF)。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、全自动比表面积、压缩测试对气凝胶样品进行了表征。以降解亚甲基蓝(MB)为模型污染物,评价了Cu₂O-PVA/CNF复合催化剂的光催化性能,考察了6wt%Cu——2O-PVA/CNF在不同初始浓度、不同催化剂用量及不同溶液pH条件下对MB光降解效率的影响。结果表明,三维多孔的纤维素气凝胶的使用提高了对MB的吸附能力,延长了对可见光的吸收。特别是在纤维素基体中掺杂的Cu₂O在光照下激发出电子-空穴,增加了活性位点,从而提高了催化能力。6wt%Cu₂OPVA/CNF复合催化剂对MB的光降解率达到95.6%,远高于纯Cu₂O的79.6%。Cu₂O-PVA/CNF复...     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 doped with boron and vanadium

Boron (B)- and vanadium (V)-doped TiO(2) photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction processes and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and N(2) physisorption (BET). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that the materials possess high surface area. The addition of B favored the transformation of anatase to rutile, while in the presence of V, anatase was the only phase detected. The MB degradation on V-doped TiO(2) was significantly affected by the preparation method. In fact while the presence of V in the bulk did not influence strongly the photoreactivity under visible irradiation, an increase of surface V doping lead to improved photodegradation of MB. The degradation of MB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of TiO(2) increased as the boron doping increased, with high conversion efficiency for 9mol% B doping.     

介孔氧化硅/氧化铈核壳双相复合颗粒的制备及其光催化降解活性

将CeO2纳米粒子负载在介孔氧化硅(W-mSiO2)支撑体上,制备了核壳结构的W-mSiO2/CeO2双相光催化复合颗粒.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、氮气吸脱附、STEM-EDX mapping、Raman光谱、荧光光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段分析样品的结构和性质,考察了复合光催化材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催...     

微乳液水热法制备钨酸铋光催化剂及性能研究

采用微乳液介导水热法制备Bi2WO6和Fe/Bi2WO6光催化剂,并研究水热反应温度、前驱体pH值、水相与表面活性剂的摩尔比ω值和Fe3+掺杂量对光催化剂结构、形貌和光催化活性等方面的影响.结果表明:合成的Bi2WO6为15～25 nm的纳米球状结构;当前驱体pH=1、水热温度为150℃下合成的Bi2WO6催化剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率达到93.8%;当ω=27时合成的Bi2WO6对MB光催化降解率达到了97.8%.研究发现当掺入1.03%的Fe3+的Bi2WO6比纯Bi2WO6对MB的降解率提高了2倍,达到90.2%.     

Application of carbon-coated TiO2 for decomposition of methylene blue in a photocatalytic membrane reactor

An application of carbon-coated TiO(2) for decomposition of methylene blue (MB) in a photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), coupling photocatalysis and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. Moreover, photodegradation of a model pollutant in a batch reactor without membrane distillation (MD) was also examined. Carbon-modified TiO(2) catalysts containing different amount of carbon and commercially available TiO(2) (ST-01) were used in this study. The carbon-coated catalyst prepared from a mixture of ST-01 and polyvinyl alcohol in the mass ratio of 70/30 was the most effective in degradation of MB from all of the photocatalysts applied. Photodecomposition of MB on the recovered photocatalysts was lower than on the fresh ones. The photodegradation of MB in the PMR was slower than in the batch reactor, what probably resulted from shorter time of exposure of the catalyst particles to UV irradiation. The MD process could be successfully applied for separation of photocatalyst and by-products from the feed solution.     

Preparation and characterization of the Sb-doped TiO2 photocatalysts

Doped TiO₂ photocatalysts have been prepared by a coprecipitation method. Uniformly doped nanocrystalline TiO₂ of 10–20 nm sizes was synthesized by calcinating the coprecipitated gels at 400–650°C. Photocatalytic characterization along with the microstructural investigation for each catalyst provides better understanding of the photocatalytic behavior. It was found that the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was a complex function of the doping type and its concentration and the microstructural characteristics of the catalysts. Antimony doing significantly improved photocatalytic performance as compared to the undoped TiO₂. Post-treatment of the as-precipitated wet doped Ti gels in an organic solvent also increased the surface area, forming approximately 8 nm size doped TiO₂ with surface area 149 m²/g. Superior catalytic activity was observed in the Sb-doped TiO₂ samples at a doping concentration ranging from 1 to 5 at%. Using the 5 at% Sb-doped TiO₂ catalyst treated in butanol, 100 ppm of MB could be decomposed completely within 1 h, which was better than the commercial Degussa P-25.     

Photocatalytic degradation of selected dyes by titania thin films with various nanostructures

Titania thin films with various nanostructures of quasi-aligned nanorods, well-aligned nanotubes and nanoparticle aggregates were fabricated and utilized to assist photodegradation of three typical dye derivatives in water, i. e., rhodamine B (RB), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). The thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. It is found that the bandgap of most lab-fabricated thin films can be estimated more appropriately assuming a direct transition between the valance band and the conduction band of titania. The so-called natural ageing phenomenon was evidence for all the films to assist photodegradation of RB and MB in water; but not discernible for MO, which was much reluctant to photodegradation. MB decomposed much quickly than RB when assisted by titania with predominantly anatase; on the other hand, rutile favored the photodegradation of RB than that of MB. Titania thin films with top morphologies of quasi-aligned nanorods or nanotubes were found to possess advantageous turnover frequency and photonic efficiency over commercial P25 titania and sol-gel derived titania to assist photodegradation of RB and MB in water.     

Photoactive TiO2/CuxO composite films for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue pollutant molecules

Applying photocatalysts for utilizing solar energy is attractive because of its clean and limitless characteristics, but they have giant obstacles such as wide bandgaps, photocorrosion, and rapid charge recombinations to overcome for applications. In this study, the TiO₂/Cu_xO composite films are investigated as photoactive materials for the photodegradation ofmethylene blue (MB) pollutant molecules under standard sun light illumination. The TiO₂ layer is firstly fabricated on the FTO substrate by a doctor blade method, and then the second copper component is introduced by a spin-coating. Then, the composite films are thermally sintered to form cuprous and cupric oxides. This additional copper oxide phases plays a crucial role in achieving high photodegradation performance of MB under light irradiation. The best MB photodegradability from the TiO₂/Cu_xO composite films was achieved with the 3.6 wt% Cu_xO content case, and it is probably due to the effective charge separations with reduced recombinations in the copper oxide phases by the Z-scheme band arrangements between Cu₂O and CuO components. The composite films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–visible spectroscopy for the film surface and cross-sectional morphology, crystalline structure, atomic binding energy, and light absorbance, respectively.     

An excellent Z-scheme Ag2MoO4/Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction photocatalyst: Construction strategy and application in environmental purification

Herein we have designed an excellent type of Z-scheme Ag₂MoO₄/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (AMO/BTO) heterojunction photocatalysts by immobilizing AMO particles onto rod-like BTO hierarchical architectures. The formation of Z-scheme AMO/BTO heterostructures was verified by various characterization techniques including XRD, UV–vis DR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XPS and FTIR spectroscopy. PL spectroscopy, photocurrent response and EIS analyses suggest that the creation of AMO/BTO heterojunctions is conducive to the efficient separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic performances of the AMO/BTO composites were investigated by simulated-sunlight driving photodegradation of methylene blue (MB), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), phenol and methyl orange (MO)/rhodamine B (RhB)/MB mixture solutions. It is demonstrated that the AMO/BTO heterojunction photocatalysts are endowed with excellent photodegradation performances much higher than that of bare AMO and BTO. For example, the photodegradation rate of MB by using 30 wt%AMO/BTO — confirmed to be the optimal composite sample — is about 17.0 and 14.7 times as high as that by using bare BTO and AMO, respectively. A Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism was proposed to elucidate the enhanced photodegradation performances of the AMO/BTO heterojunction photocatalysts.